What is chemical fiber? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Chemical fiber is a kind of fiber with textile properties, which is made of natural polymer compounds or synthetic polymer compounds through the processes of preparing spinning dope, spinning and post-treatment.

The advantages of chemical fiber are high strength, wear resistance, good elasticity, good durability, good shape retention and not easy to shrink and deform.

Its disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, poor heat resistance, poor air permeability, not easy to dye, easy to pilling, easy to absorb dust and static electricity, so it is very uncomfortable to wear, especially in summer clothes. Polyester, nylon, polypropylene and other fibers are also porous, and their fabrics are easily melted into holes by Martian cigarette butts. Only viscose fiber is similar to natural fiber, which absorbs moisture and breathes air, but its strength is low and it is easy to deform.

Classification of chemical fibers

1, filament

Continuous filaments obtained by chemical fiber processing are called uncut filaments. Filament can be divided into monofilament, multifilament and textured yarn. There is only one kind of fiber in monofilament, which is used to process thin fabrics or knitted fabrics, such as transparent socks and towels. Multifilament yarn includes multiple monofilaments, which are generally used for weaving, and are mostly multifilaments.

The textured chemical fiber is called textured yarn or elastic yarn. Due to different processing methods, textured yarns can be divided into twisted yarns and untwisted yarns. Twisted textured yarn is a regular spiral, which is mainly processed by false twisting method. Twist-free textured yarns have wavy, looped and various irregular curly shapes. Common textured yarns are high elastic nylon yarn, polypropylene elastic yarn and low elastic polyester yarn.

2. Short fiber

In the post-spinning process, chemical fibers can be cut into short fibers of various lengths. Fibers with basically the same length are called equidistant fibers, and fibers with distributed lengths are called unequal length fibers. Generally, cotton-type chemical fibers are of equal length, and some wool-type chemical fibers are processed into unequal length fibers by stretching and cutting, which makes the processed products more hairy.

3. Composite fiber

Fibers with two or more components or components on the cross section of chemical fibers are called composite fibers.

There are many kinds of composite fibers, among which bicomponent composite fibers are commonly used. The juxtaposition of two components is called side-by-side or double-sided composite fiber, which has good crimping performance. The two components are divided into sheath-core composite fibers, which can produce many effects, such as improving dyeability and rubber adhesion. These two components are dispersed in the cross section, which is called sea-island composite fiber.

4, special-shaped fiber

Fibers with non-circular cross-section processed by non-circular spinneret are called profiled fibers, as well as profiled and hollow profiled fibers, such as triangular, trilobal and triangular hollow fibers. Fibers with circular cross-section processed by circular spinnerets are also shaped.

5. Coarse fiber, fine fiber and superfine fiber

Coarse Tex fiber generally refers to the fiber with single filament linear density above 1.65,438+0 Tex or1.65 Tex, which can be used for ordinary spinning processing or splitting film to make polypropylene coarse Tex fiber. Make low-grade fabrics or carpets, etc. And can reduce the cost of raw materials. Fibers with single fiber linear density less than 0.044tex are called superfine fibers, and fibers with linear density greater than 0.044tex but less than 0. 1ltex are called fine fibers.

Filament composed of superfine fibers is called super multifilament, and filament composed of fine fibers is called high multifilament. Ultra-fine fibers are made by conventional spinning improvement or special spinning processing, mostly artificial suede, and fine denier fibers are mostly used to make silk-like fabrics.