What are the similarities and differences between the social structures of medieval Europe and ancient China?

Medieval Europe was a real feudal society, with many monarchs and weak imperial power. China was not a feudal society at all in ancient times. It was just an official society under centralization, with only one emperor as the monarch. In medieval Europe, wolves were everywhere, while in ancient China, sheep were everywhere. The emperor in Europe was the wolf among wolves, and the emperor in ancient China was the lone wolf among sheep.

In the Middle Ages, Europe was still a religious unified society. The whole people believe in Christ, and the Pope and the emperor fight against each other. The church not only accepts donations, but also collects eleven taxes and issues redemption vouchers. The ancient religions in China were only vassals of the imperial power, receiving alms from the imperial power, without any political rights or religious discipline.

In the Middle Ages, European churches assumed almost all educational responsibilities, while ancient religions in China only had scriptures, but had no educational responsibilities, or western churches were fulfilling social responsibilities.

Europe in the Middle Ages was dominated by nobles and knights, who forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, creating a precedent for democracy. There were no real nobles in ancient China, only officials enslaved by imperial power; Universities appeared in Europe in the late Middle Ages, and education was no longer monopolized by the church. In universities, professors and students discuss equally, and students are active in thinking. In addition to teachings, universities also systematically teach medicine and law.

There are many schools in the city that teach business and bookkeeping. In ancient China, there were only four books, five classics and eight articles. The gap between China and the West is shocking. As for Tang poetry and Song poetry, to be honest, that is the real strangeness.

In the Middle Ages, there were cross-sea trade, early industry and early finance, such as the textile industry in Flanders and the bank in Florence. Commerce has also promoted the emergence of cities, which have been granted free licenses to elect their own municipal councils and mayors.

In ancient China, apart from salt and iron, there was almost no real industry, and commerce was limited to a certain range and industry. Courtship in the Northern Song Dynasty was short-lived and finally failed. There were no real cities in ancient China, because the so-called city managers were all right-handed people appointed by the imperial power and had nothing to do with local residents.

In medieval Europe, ordinary people started to do business first, and then ran for manager (official) because of the needs of the city. The managers of medieval cities were mostly businessmen, who were the third class, that is, the later bourgeoisie.

In ancient times, China became an official first, and then retired to the landlord. Moreover, if he does business, he will fall into business, so he can't go into politics himself, and neither can his descendants. Without feudalism in China, there would be no aristocrats, no commercial cities and no third-rate. In ancient China, only officials, landlords and untouchables had to kneel under the imperial power. The gap between China and the West is far from equal. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the people of China were burdened with the heavy shackles of restraining commerce and attaching importance to agriculture.