Notes of Mencius

Model essay on Mencius' reading notes (6 general remarks)

After reading a famous book carefully, everyone must have a lot of feelings in their hearts. It's time to settle down and write reading notes. So do you really know how to write reading notes? The following is a sample essay of Mencius' reading notes (generally 6) collected by me for reference only. Welcome to reading.

Mencius' Reading Notes 1 What do you mean? I didn't know what this meant before. I read a book "Mencius: The Story of Behavior and Responsibility" during the winter vacation, and I realized what "unbearable heart" means. If you are interested, you might as well listen to my opinion.

The protagonists in Mencius: The Story of Behavior and Responsibility are Xiao Cong, Xiao Shun, Tie Dan and Mencius' younger brother. Mencius' brother was originally an unemployed young man, but later he met an old man. The strange grandfather said that Mencius' brother was the reincarnation of Mencius. After a series of ups and downs, Mencius' younger brother became the next president. But strangely, after listening to his words, he resolutely decided not to be president!

As long as this book embodies the famous view of Mencius, a famous politician and educator in China, "benevolent government". Benevolent politics refers to the politics of "tolerant policy", which is an extension of "tolerant heart" Mencius believes that everyone has this kind of "unbearable heart", and he advocates that human nature is good.

This reminds me of a touching thing I once watched with my grandmother in The First Time.

In an ordinary community, people go out to work and buy food, and everything is so quiet and peaceful. But who would notice a three-or four-year-old baby lying on the balcony on the third floor? Somehow, the baby's body began to tilt. At first, one of his little feet left the balcony, and gradually, one of his legs was in the air. After a while, half his body left the balcony. How frightening, but no one noticed. Finally, the baby's body fell in a prone position. Oh, my God, it's going to land soon! Some residents will rush here soon, and some residents will open their eyes to save their babies, but their legs and feet are like lead, and their brains are short-circuited instantly. One second, two seconds, three seconds, "whoosh-"a figure flew like an arrow in the crowd. As soon as the baby fell into the arms of a young woman, a small life was saved from ascension! It turns out that the baby's father went to work and the mother went to buy food, so she put the baby in the cart next to the balcony. And the baby climbed onto the balcony by mistake, which led to this scene just now. However, this little baby must have accumulated a lot of blessings in his last life. A kind aunt saw it and bravely caught him. The reporter interviewed the aunt, who was in the ward and broke her arm because she picked up the baby. But she still smiled and said, "Although my arm was broken, I saved a little life. I think it is worth it! " So, the reporter asked her again, why can you be so calm to save the baby who is not related to you? Aunt said easily: "Actually, I didn't think about anything at that time, just wanted to catch him." This aunt doesn't talk much, but her words are deeply imprinted in our hearts!

In fact, when someone's life is in danger, anyone who sees it will definitely save him. That's not to get his parents' reward, nor to get others' praise, nor do you want to hear the condemnation of "self-destruction". This is only because each of us has a heart of compassion.

We must firmly believe that everyone has a heart that can't bear others.

Mencius' Notes 2 is useful if it is easy to understand and has far-reaching significance; If you can do simple things, first ask yourself to do them well, then suggest others and push yourself and others, which is sincere advice.

A gentleman's honesty starts from himself. Do it yourself first, then persuade others. Cultivate yourself first, and then the world will be flat. The biggest problem for people is that they can't do it well, but they ask others. Their acre of land is full of weeds, but they don't plow, but they go to other people's fields every day to advise how to weed! This is a kind of disease, which is called "people who eat melons" at first, and "drowsiness makes people awake" at second.

I have no requirements for myself, but I am very strict with others. Most of these people have read a lot of truth. On the surface, I understand and know a lot, but these principles are all used in other people's demands, but I have never put them into action. How can we really know the truth? Not simply reading and memorizing, but doing what you understand day after day. The process of doing it yourself is the process of learning this truth.

Wang Yangming said: knowledge is the beginning of action, and action is the result of knowledge. You thought you knew, but you didn't act. That's because you don't really understand, just pretend to understand. If you don't do it yourself, you just don't know.

Mencius was a thinker and educator in ancient China. He and Confucius are the ancestors of Confucianism.

As the ancestor of traditional culture, Mencius has influenced China for thousands of years. Naturally, it is difficult for us to cover it in a few words. Although my understanding is just a pipe cone, Mencius' own thoughts, spirit and verve are like a red sun penetrating the clear sky in Wan Li. Even if it is limited to my vision and vision, I have already felt the dazzling light.

First of all, I think the greatness of Mencius lies in his idea of "benevolence and righteousness", which can best grasp the essence of things. Mencius saw that "life" and "profit" were short-sighted about the interest relationship of things, but benevolence and righteousness could have a long-term impact on the future. Therefore, saying "giving up life for righteousness" and "giving up profit for righteousness" in a narrow sense refers to the loyalty and filial piety of people in feudal times, which is actually a misunderstanding of Mencius for thousands of years, because the Three Cardinal Principles and the Five Permanent Principles have changed life since the May 4th New Culture Movement. The Doctrine of the Mean says: "Tao and non-Tao cannot be separated for a moment." So does this "benevolence" still have eternal significance? Therefore, today we should understand Mencius' benevolence and righteousness in a broad sense: just as Taoism's "Tao" and Buddhism's "Bodhi" are all understandings of objective universal laws, Mencius' "benevolence and righteousness" is also unique. This understanding can make Mencius, like a skilled fisherman, put the crab in a brief part, and the crab can't be thrown away no matter how hard he tries. No matter how complicated problems or difficulties appear on the surface of things, Mencius seems to be stuck, turning difficulties into difficulties with ease.

Nowadays, the world-famous "system theory" and "system thinking" are both opposed to giving up the basics, but want to look at the problem dynamically and in the long run: both can find the embryonic form from Mencius' thought of benevolence and righteousness. It is the most appropriate word to describe Mencius' way of benevolence and righteousness. People who can't grasp the essence of benevolence and righteousness are like walking in the vast desert or ocean, exhausted by the pursuit of a mirage that appears at any time.

One more thing, I think Mencius' spirit of independence and maverick is the most worthy of emulation by future generations. This is doomed, if he has the opportunity to give full play to his talents as a stage, he will become a big shot in Wang Ye! Maverick, stand firm and have a sense of independence; Those who don't go with the flow can't see the difference and can do it unexpectedly. These two have created Mencius' great boldness of vision, great momentum and great pioneering spirit, and the whole world has dumped Sun Tzu's art of war on him, which is reflected in Mencius. In today's social situation, people are often placed in it without arguing about the direction. Learn from Mencius, why not make the gods cry?

Although the time spent studying Mencius is very short, Mencius' bright way of benevolence and righteousness is enough to benefit people for life. Finally, I will make a summary of Mencius' way of benevolence and righteousness: first, his thought of abandoning the end and seeking the root; Second, his maverick spirit; Third, he controls the verve of the situation.

Mencius' Notes 4 Monk's writings are full of arguments and arguments, and he is good at reasoning. He doesn't know the logic of reading the whole book like the Analects of Confucius, and he doesn't know the mystery and far-fetched of the Tao Te Ching, so he has a strong sense of sprouting. The most attractive thing about Mencius is to start with the general things, and then slowly lead to the truth, so that others can unconsciously admit their mistakes. Mencius said: "I am strong enough to lift three thousand pounds, but I can't lift a feather;" My eyesight is enough to see the tips of wild animals in autumn, but I can't see a car full of firewood. Will the king believe it? "What is said in the words is obviously unreasonable. Xuanwang said: "No" Mencius said: "Obviously, a feather is unwilling to use force and cannot be lifted; "A car full of firewood is invisible because it refuses to use its eyesight; People are not caressed by you because they refuse to be kind. Therefore, if you fail to rule the world with benevolence, you will not do it. " Mencius thus made the monarch realize his mistake. What Mencius said was more acceptable to the supreme monarch than to the outspoken admonishers. The truth of progress is like setting a trap for people to walk in unconsciously step by step.

Another example is "Yes, then you know the weight; Degree, then know the length. Everything goes with the flow, what the heart wants. " If you weigh it, you will know the weight; Measure it and you'll know the length. Everything is like this, especially the human heart. Can you persuade people to explain the facts like this? "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." This is Mencius' thought of valuing the people. Really, how can the broad masses of the people ignore it? "Xunzi Wang Zhi": "The monarch is also a boat; Shu Ren, water also. Water can carry a boat or overturn it. " Without the support of the people, how much can a country be saved? "People who enjoy the people enjoy themselves; Those who worry about the people, the people are also worried. " The monarch regards the happiness of the people as his own happiness, and the people will regard the happiness of the monarch as their own happiness; You regard the worries of the people as your own worries, and the people will also regard your worries as their own worries. This idea has continued to this day. People-oriented, "Theory of Three Represents" and the Party's purpose are all the manifestations of "people first, country second and monarch second". There are many philosophical sentences in Mencius. "People who work hard govern people, and people who work hard govern people; People who cure diseases eat people, and people who cure diseases eat people. " Translation: People with brains rule others, while people with physical strength are ruled by others; The ruled feeds others, and the ruled feeds others. This sentence seems to be the current social division of labor. Think about it, people as far back as ancient times can have this idea, can people not admire it?

As the ancestor of traditional culture, Mencius' influence in China lasted for thousands of years, so it is naturally difficult for my generation to cover it in a few words. Although my knowledge is only a cone, Mencius' own thoughts, spirit and boldness of vision are like a red sun shining through the clear sky in Wan Li. Even if it is limited to my vision and knowledge, I have already felt the dazzling light.

First of all, I think the greatness of Mencius lies in that the idea of "benevolence and righteousness" advocated by him can best grasp the essence of things. Mencius saw that "fate" and "profit" were short-sighted to the interest relationship of things, while benevolence and righteousness could have a long-term impact on the future, so he came up with the theories of "sacrificing life for justice" and "sacrificing profit for justice". In a narrow sense, "benevolence and righteousness" refers to the loyalty and filial piety of the feudal era. In fact, it is a misunderstanding of Mencius for thousands of years, because since the May Fourth New Culture Movement, the three cardinal guides and the five permanent members have changed life; "The Doctrine of the Mean" said: "Tao can't be separated for a moment, but can be separated from non-Tao." So, does this "benevolence" still have eternal significance? Therefore, to understand Mencius' "benevolence and righteousness" today, we should stand on high ground and proceed from a broad sense: just as Taoism's "Tao" and Buddhism's "Bodhi" are all understandings of objective universal laws, Mencius' "benevolence and righteousness" is also unique. And this understanding can make Mencius like a skilled fisherman's hand caught in the crab's key, so that the crab can't get rid of it even if it has thighs and big feet. No matter how complicated problems or difficulties appear on the surface of things, Meng Zi is not dizzy, and he can often save the day, making it easy and more than enough.

Today's world-famous "system theory" and "system thinking", although they keep saying that they are opposed to giving up the basics, should look at things dynamically and in the long run. To put it bluntly, everyone can find the embryonic form from Mencius' thought of benevolence and righteousness. It is most appropriate to use Mao Zedong's words to describe Mencius' way of benevolence and righteousness. People who can't grasp the essence of benevolence and righteousness are like walking on the vast desert or ocean, exhausted by the mirage that appears at any time.

One more thing, I think what Mencius deserves to be imitated by later generations is his spirit of independence and not colluding with others. This is doomed, if he has the opportunity to do something and give him a stage to display his talents, he will definitely become a big shot in Wang Ye! Maverick, stand firm and have a sense of independence; Those who don't go with the flow can't see the difference and can do it unexpectedly. With these two things, Mencius' great boldness of vision was created, and his writing style was magnificent and magnificent. When he was used to start a business, the whole world fell to him alone. Sun Tzu's art of war said that "people should not be influenced by others" was reflected in Mencius. Nowadays, the social situation is surging, and people often put themselves in it without fighting for direction. If you learn something from Mencius, why not make the gods cry? Although the time spent studying Mencius is very short, Mencius' bright way of benevolence and righteousness is enough to benefit people for life. Finally, I will make a summary of Mencius' way of benevolence and righteousness: first, his idea of abandoning the end; second, his maverick spirit; and third, his courage to control the situation. The world with people is the world, and the king of the world makes the people of the world submit to it rather than dominate it. The fundamental difference between a king and a tyrant lies in whether or not to implement a benevolent policy. The essence of benevolent policy lies in loving the people, and the center of benevolent policy lies in loving the people.

Mencius' ambition is to let the vassal States practice benevolent government and then rule the world. Although many places say that seventy miles is king, in fact, he still thinks that it is more likely that a big country will implement benevolent policies and then rule the world. Therefore, although he has been to many vassal States, he feels that he has not invested enough in small countries such as Teng, Zou and Lu, and more in Wei and Qi, especially Qi. Based on the grasp of the situation at that time, Mencius believed that since the Spring and Autumn Period, people have been struggling for years, and people all want a kind king to save them, just as people who are hung upside down urgently need others to save them. Therefore, if any monarch can practice benevolent government, people all over the world will inevitably submit to it, thus realizing the ideal of being king and dominating the world. This expectation of Mencius was not realized in Liang. After a short trip to Wei, Liang died a year later, and Liang's successor doesn't seem to be a kind person. At that time, Qi was prosperous, with vast territory and abundant resources, a large population and a large number of wise men. Therefore, Mencius patiently stayed in Qi twice and spent a long time. The second time I went, I was 765,438+0 years old. He still tried to persuade Qi Xuanwang to implement benevolent policies in order to realize his ambition, but contrary to Qi Xuanwang's opinion, he left. Qi Xuanwang didn't even send someone to stay. If ruling the world is Mencius' ultimate goal, then the starting point is to implement benevolent government in China.

Mencius divided the implementation of benevolent policies into four levels:

First, protect the existing resources, realize the sustainable utilization of resources, and ensure that people can live and die, so that people will not leave their homes;

Second, teach people to be self-sufficient and ensure basic living needs. At the same time, the state should pay attention to the production season and let the people work with peace of mind;

Third, reduce taxes and reduce the burden on the people;

Fourth, after the first three aspects are realized, moral education will be carried out to form a good social fashion of respecting the elderly and loving the young.

These four levels are gradual. If the benevolent government can be implemented according to this, the benevolent virtue of the monarch of this country will be well known, so that people all over the world yearn to come to this country. By then, it will be easy to rule the world.

After the implementation of the benevolent policy, it can win the hearts of the people all over the world. The next thing to do is to save the people of other countries in from the mire, that is, the problem of conquest. This is the outward implementation process of the benevolent policy. Mencius said that there was no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn Period, but it was the same in the Warring States Period. Wars between vassal States are all about land and population. It was said that it was only in the late Warring States that other vassal States were devastated under the strong national situation of Qin, and it was not practical at that time to unify the world. Mencius said that "the king of the world" actually did not mean the world in the sense of land, but the world in the hearts of the people. If you can win the hearts of the world, you will get the world. As for conquering other countries, it must be out of benevolence and righteousness, which is also public opinion in Mencius' view. Mencius said that the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people's harmony, which means attaching importance to the role of people's hearts. It is incomplete to say that Mencius must be called Yao Shun. It is more about Shang Tang and Zhou Wenwang, among which Shang Tang is more detailed. Shang Tang, for example, is actually the king's role model that Mencius often mentioned. Shang Tang's conquest was to save the people from fire and water, so he resented the east and the west, and this "resentment" was that he didn't come to save himself first. It can be seen that this conquest is out of the hearts of the people, so the people all hope that the kind monarch will come first to help them out of trouble. Therefore, when the "teacher of justice" comes, it will be easy to fight for Julian Waghann.

Mencius attached great importance to the people's heart and public opinion, and even said that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least" to show the importance of the people's heart, and even said that "I have heard of killing the husband, but I have never heard of killing the king" to warn the king. Although Mencius didn't realize his ideal in his life, his concern for people's hearts and his interpretation of benevolent government had a great influence on later generations from both positive and negative aspects.

(1) Keep your ambition and nourish your spirit.

Mencius attached great importance to ambition, and thought that the primary problem of moral education was "keeping ambition" and "keeping ambition", that is, insisting on keeping ambition high. He put forward the ideal realm of "giving up life for righteousness": "Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want. You can't have both, and those who give up their lives are also righteous. " Mencius, like Confucius, also requires students to pursue a noble spiritual life and not covet the enjoyment of material life. It is reasonable to think that a man with lofty ideals should put moral ideals first, but it is also one-sided for him to oppose his desire for survival with moral consciousness.

(2) Self-satisfaction of continuing learning

Mencius emphasized that the key to learning and self-cultivation lies in self-satisfaction. He said: "The way for a gentleman to learn is to be complacent. Complacency leads to security, security leads to deep resources, and deep resources lead to sources. " He believes that a gentleman should have a correct way to pursue further studies, which requires him to pursue it consciously. What you consciously pursue, you will firmly grasp it, firmly grasp it, and you will save it deeply. It is deep and inexhaustible. On this basis, Mencius advocated that the deepening of knowledge must have its own gains and opinions. Especially in learning, we should have the spirit of independent thinking. Reading is necessary, but you should understand and not go with the flow. Don't trust or blindly follow the literature and classics of the previous generation.

(3) concentration and perseverance

Mencius believes that learning must be absorbed, not half-hearted. For example, Mencius said, "We can't do these games without concentrating. Qiu Yi who is good at communicating with the country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play: one is absorbed, but Qiu Yi listens. Although a person listened, he thought it was a swan, and tried to pay for the bow and shoot it to death. Although he learns from it, he is willing to do so. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? " Yes, of course. "Two people learn to play chess with a Go player at the same time, but the results are quite different. This is by no means because of their intellectual differences, but because of their concentration and inattention. Therefore, Mencius believes that learning must be absorbed and concentrated, which is a scientific principle summed up by Mencius in teaching practice.

Mencius advocated concentration and put forward the idea of perseverance. He warned the students: "The path between mountains leads to the road; "If you don't use it for a while, you will get stuck." If you often walk this mountain road, it will become a road. If you don't walk for a while, it will be blocked by thatch. So is study. If you stop for a while and don't study hard, you will forget what you have learned. Therefore, learning should have the spirit of not giving up until you reach your goal. He said, "A promising person digs a well. Digging a well nine times is better than digging a spring, but he is still abandoning the well." A person doing one thing is like digging a well. When there was no water sixty or seventy feet deep, he stopped digging, and the result was no digging. This shows that a person must have perseverance when doing something, and can't give up halfway. The same is true of learning, so we must persist and not fall short. Mencius opposed the learning attitude of "one exposure to ten cold". He said: "Although there are things that are easy to live, if exposed to cold for ten days, nothing can live." No matter how good a plant is, it can't grow after being frozen for ten days. Repeatedly stressed that learning should be persistent.

(4) Teaching is also multi-skilled.

Learning mainly depends on students' self-satisfaction, concentration and perseverance, but teachers are not idle. The role of teachers is to actively guide and inspire students' thinking. Therefore, teaching methods should not be stereotyped, and flexible and diverse methods should be adopted according to different situations. He said: "A gentleman teaches five things: those who rain, those who become virtuous, those who get rich (things), those who answer questions, and those who love themselves. These five things are what gentlemen teach. " He also said, "teaching is a lot of skills, and those who despise teaching just teach." For students, some should make suggestions in time, some should achieve their virtues, some should develop their talents, and some can answer their questions. Those who can't reach the door can indirectly educate or even refuse to teach, which is enough to be a warning to people and a teaching method in itself. In short, there are many teaching methods that vary from person to person.

Notes on Mencius 5 I haven't read the whole book of Mencius, and I have a very poor grasp of Mencius' thought as a whole. In the process of reading, consult as much background information as possible to understand. When I read the fourth article of Gao Zi, I felt a lot. This paper is mainly about the relationship between Gao Zi and Mencius in exploring internal psychological good and evil and external behavior.

Gao Zi believes that benevolence is internal and righteousness is external, and there is no relationship between them. He said: "I am good to each other, but not to me." He is old, and I respect him. When I saw him, I asked, Grandpa, maybe I can help him cross the street. But this doesn't mean that I have respect for him in my heart, because my parents and teachers told me to respect my teacher since I was a child. I don't know why he deserves respect and where it deserves respect. This is due to my family education and habits. It's like that thing is white. I regard it as a white thing, as white as its appearance. I don't know what's in it. That is, righteousness is the expression of external behavior. Why is benevolence intrinsic? He thinks that if it is my brother, I will take good care of her. I don't love her, brother of Qin people. The love between relatives exists in the heart and is internal. This is beyond dispute. Mencius, on the other hand, was powerful and eloquent. He countered Gao Zi with Gao Zi as an example, and took eating meat as an example: "The passion of Qin people is no different from that of Chiwu. There are also natural things, but there are also external things? " Everything has the same reason. Is there a difference between eating Qin people's barbecue and eating your own barbecue? Is the barbecue of Qin people poisonous? When eating, we don't distinguish between ourselves and the enemy, regardless of race. I eat because I like it. Why do you start to be picky when you mention your lover, and you can't tolerate it like eating?

After carefully pondering their views, it is not difficult to find that what Gao Zi said can be summed up in one word "sex". At the beginning, I said, "Eating color and sex are also important." Whether I like spicy food or light food, braised food or steamed food depends on my temper! The taste is weak. I want to eat something spicy. If I am angry, I will eat something light or spicy! In my temper, what do people live for? Isn't it just to pursue happiness and happiness? Why do you have to restrain yourself? Mencius, you said: "I am old, people are old;" Young and frivolous, and young people. " Yes, I can try, but you can't force me to love my enemy's brother! What if one day, he picked up a spear and stabbed my brother to death? That doesn't mean I killed my brother. Can I still be happy about this? It's against my nature!

As far as Mencius is concerned, he is very generous. He believes that human nature is good, and only under the influence of environment can there be a distinction between good and evil. "People can be bad, but their nature is still good." It's not his fault. Since the influence of the environment has made him worse, why not change his environment and use my kindness and love to change and purify his evil? Therefore, Mencius believed that kings should practice benevolent policies, pay attention to benevolence and righteousness, influence evil and carry forward human nature. However, it is hard to say whether people are born good or born evil. Every family has a difficult story, and it is difficult to discuss it thoroughly. In fact, the "benevolence" put forward by Mencius already contains the "sex" mentioned by Gao Zi. For example, in Gong Sunchou's sentence, he said, "He who is born in righteousness takes righteousness. If you don't worry, you will be embarrassed. " Integrity comes from benevolence and righteousness. If you act against your own heart, qi will disappear. The gas has disappeared. What about Renyi? Let alone sex.

What Gao Zi and Mencius said were two main paths that many Confucian intellectuals chose in their later growth, like the poet Li Bai and the poet Du Fu. However, in today's society, people's liberation and public awareness are advocated, and this kind of casual thinking is increasingly accepted. On the contrary, he is too materialistic, concerned about reality and loves to talk about daily necessities. However, Mencius' benevolence faded out of public view. Why? Because he is too ideal and unrealistic, there is no benefit to be gained, and it is impossible to achieve only dedication. Who will do it? In fact, Mencius' benevolence and righteousness was put forward at the highest point. He is guiding our general direction from a macro perspective. He can't tell you where to buy vinegar. But we have to study, do and climb this highest point, and we can't give up just because we can't reach it. Because righteousness, like a lighthouse in the sea, makes it difficult for ships to get lost. Only by learning righteousness well and doing it well can we not get lost morally.

Mencius Notes 6 Frankly speaking, I have never read Mencius and his works, because I like Taoism, especially Zhuangzi. Now, after reading this book, I understand that both Mencius and Confucius have left us splendid cultures. Together with other philosophers, they have formed the core value system of China people.

Mencius, as an "Asian sage", has influenced China for thousands of years. Naturally, it is difficult for us to summarize it in a few words. Although I have little knowledge, Mencius' own thoughts, spirit and charm have already passed through thousands of years. Even if it is limited to my vision and vision, I have already felt the dazzling light.

When it comes to learning, there is a point called "There is still". How to make friends with the ancients? Sing their poems, read their books and discuss what they did at that time. For example, everyone likes reading books on history and biography, and understanding the life, ambition and style of the ancients is equivalent to making friends with the ancients. On Teng Wengong, Mencius said, "A promising person is also a promising person". If he can do it, so can I. Many people grow up like this.

When it comes to education, learning mainly depends on students' self-satisfaction and perseverance, but teachers are not idle. The role of teachers is to actively guide and inspire students' thinking. Therefore, teaching methods should not be stereotyped, and flexible and diverse methods should be adopted according to different situations. He said:

Let's take a look at Mencius' view of "personality". His ideal personality is "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent." He believes that personality is far more important than wealth, power and status, and Mencius also advocates that a person should be a "gentleman" with "integrity". How to produce "aristocratic spirit"? That is: first, we must maintain our ambitions and persist in pursuing them; Second, we must have "patience" and consciously sharpen our will in adversity; Third, "cultivating the mind and nourishing the nature" is abstinence. Being a "gentleman" with "noble spirit" has inspired countless people with lofty ideals since ancient times.

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