The types of swords in different dynasties in China (such as daggers and soft sword) are introduced in detail.

Known as the "king of hundreds of soldiers", the sword is not a simple weapon in China culture, but an ornament and ceremonial appliance. The ancients wore swords, expressing the realm of gentleman pursued by the literati class. Although the practical value and prominent military position of the sword only existed in the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age, its influence on China's traditional culture has never diminished. Through the deification of Taoism and the freehand brushwork of literati, the sword is endowed with the moral and ethical color of righteous words. Sword is a symbol of rights and strength, the soul of a heroic army, the embodiment of chivalry and righteousness, the essence of martyrs, the moral integrity of literati and the martial spirit of the Chinese nation. The sword of "bright sword" refers to the fearless spirit of the brave; Huashan sword is the floorboard of kungfu. Numerous poems, allusions and anecdotes all come from the sword: for example, the ancients used "Qin Xin" to describe kindness as water and tenderness as water; Symbolizing the hero of Kingoma Iron with "sword courage"; Qin Huang brandished his sword to decide the floating clouds, symbolizing the annexation of six countries; Gaozu snake sounds strong wind, symbolizing the Central Plains of Dingding; Tang Zong caressed the sword and enjoyed the country, creating the rule of chastity; Song Zu drew his sword and the world was flat, which expanded the martial arts of Wenzhi. There is also "Zhuangzi" about swords, which is wonderful and wonderful. He described the sword of the emperor and the sword of the vassal with his country, moral sentiments, lofty aspirations and superb wisdom, and described the sword of the emperor and the sword of the vassal with the strategy of rising and falling and governing the country.

Development history: Sword, one of the ancient weapons, belongs to "short soldiers". Sword originated in Xuanyuan Huangdi era. At first, it was short, willow leaves or pointed triangles, made of copper. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the main weapon of foot warfare, and it was getting longer and longer. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was more than 3 feet long, with a curved blade and a steep included angle. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he gradually withdrew from the war stage in order to wear ceremonial or martial arts to strengthen self-defense. After the Han Dynasty, bronze swords were gradually replaced by steel swords, and tended to be stereotyped, that is, the body of the sword had ridges, blades on both sides, a point in front, a head in the middle and a handle at the back. The ring at the end of the stem is called a shovel, and there are accessories such as sheaths and spikes. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, swords prevailed. It flourished most in the Tang Dynasty and was regarded as an ornament by literati to express their lofty aspirations or show their martial spirit. The back sword is inextricably linked with Taoism and has become one of the instruments in the hands of Taoist priests. The standard of sword is generally used in ancient times, and there have been great changes in past dynasties. Zheng Huayun said: "If you compare the sword of Qin and Han Dynasties with that of Song Dynasty, the sword of Song Dynasty is 2 1 inch 3 points, while the sword of Han Dynasty is only 17 inch 9 points. The dagger in the Song Dynasty was fifteen inches and two minutes, but only ten inches and five minutes in the Han Dynasty, so the sword in the Song Dynasty was longer and of better quality than that in the Han Dynasty. The famous swords are Ganjiang, Mo Xie, Longquan, Taiya, Chunjun, Zhan Lu, Yuchang and Juque.

fan

Cultural implication: Fan is a unique cultural phenomenon in China, which has a profound cultural background and is an integral part of national culture. It is closely related to bamboo culture and Buddhist culture. Scholars have always liked to write poems and draw pictures on fans to express their feelings. In ancient times, fans were sometimes regarded as a symbol of official positions, perhaps because most of the officials in ancient times were literati, who often carried a fan with them and often bowed with it on various occasions. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang held a feather fan in his hand and looked carefree. Later, people regarded feather fans as a symbol of wisdom. Fans are also the wealth of the Eight Immortals. Zhong Liquan, the Eight Immortals, often holds a fan that can "exorcise evil spirits". It is said that he can bring back the dead with a fan. Fan's "Fan" is homophonic with "Kindness", and Fan also means "Kindness" and "Kindness". So the ancients often hung fans indoors. Ban Jieyu, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty, expressed his feelings in the form of "Acacia Fan" in Song of Febrile Diseases, which gave the fan a beautiful image of being abandoned and resentful. Later generations often use this allusion to express their sadness and resentment.

Development history: Fans originated in ancient times. Our ancestors hunted plant leaves or poultry feathers in hot summer and simply processed them to attract the wind from the sun. So the fan is called sunshade, which is the original source of the fan. Huahua has always been called "the kingdom of fans". The main materials of fans are: bamboo, wood, paper, fans, ivory, tortoise shell, jade, bird feathers, other palm leaves, betel nut leaves, wheat straw, cattail and so on. It can also be woven or made into various daily craft fans with beautiful shapes and exquisite structures, which are carefully carved, carved, bronzed, drilled or waved by famous people by skilled craftsmen. China's fans have a long history and a wide variety, which is called "the kingdom of fans". According to incomplete statistics, there are about four or five hundred kinds of fans, and the common ones are feather fan, banana fan, round fan, cattail leaf fan, Gong Shan, folding fan, bamboo fan, goose feather fan, dragon and phoenix fan, female fan and so on. From Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to Liang Fan and Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty, Tang Bohu and Chou Ying in the Ming Dynasty, from Shi Tao and Wu Changshuo in the Qing Dynasty to Xu Beihong and Qi Baishi in modern times, they all drew amazing works on fans. The calligraphy and painting fan rose when it was used as a fan, and the poetry and painting on the fan was very popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.