Summary of the key points of knowledge for the junior high school geography test

The summary of geography knowledge summary determines the success or failure of the exam. Here is what I have organized for you, I hope it will help you.

(I)

Countries and Regions

1. There are more than 220 countries and regions in the world. more than 190 countries.

2. The top six countries in the world in terms of area: Russia, Canada, China , the United States, Brazil, and Australia. Be able to draw their outlines Figure P77

3. The top ten countries in the world in terms of population: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, and Nigeria.

4. The top six countries in the world in terms of GDP: the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy.

5. There are more than 20 developed countries: the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and so on.

junior high school geography will be the focus of knowledge summarized two

Settlements

1, the characteristics of the rural landscape: low houses, scattered distribution, surrounded by farmland.

2, the characteristics of the urban landscape: more houses and high, distribution of concentrated, many people and cars.

3. The function of rural settlements is to live, engage in pastoralism and agriculture.

4, the function of urban settlements is residential, business, administration, culture and entertainment, industry and so on.

5. There are many traditional settlements included in the world cultural heritage, such as: Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China; Venice, Italy; Toledo, Spain, and so on.

Three

International cooperation

1, natural resources are unevenly distributed around the world; cultures around the world have their own unique characteristics; the international situation is characterized by regional conflicts. Therefore, international cooperation should be strengthened.

2. International organizations:

A. The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945. The permanent members of the Security Council are China, France, Russia, Britain, and the United States.

B, other world organizations are: the World Trade Organization; *** League of Nations; European Union; Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; Organization of African Unity; Organization of American States; Association of Southeast Asian Nations; North Atlantic Treaty Organization; APEC and so on.

Four

Changes in land and sea

1. "The sea is a sea of change" means that the area and distribution of land and sea on the Earth's surface change over time.

2. Land and sea changes are driven by the movement of materials within the Earth.

3. The theory of plate tectonics divides the Earth's surface into: the Asia-Europe plate. American Plate. African Plate. Pacific Plate. Indian Ocean Plate. Antarctic Plate.

1. World famous volcanoes. Earthquake zones are: the Pacific Rim volcano, earthquake zone, the Mediterranean ---- Himalayas volcano, earthquake zone, oceanic volcano. Seismic belt.

V

Temperature and Precipitation in the World

Factors affecting temperature and precipitation are: latitudinal position, sea and land position, ocean currents, topography, altitude, etc.

1. The lower the latitude, the higher the temperature. The higher the latitude, the lower the temperature e.g. Mumbai and Moscow

2. The farther away from the ocean in summer, the higher the temperature. The closer the ocean, the lower the temperature; in winter, the further away from the ocean, the lower the temperature.... The closer the ocean, the higher the temperature. e.g. London and Ulaanbaatar - Figure P25G

3. Warmer currents pass through warmer places and colder currents pass through colder places. For example, east and west of South Africa

4. The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature, the lower the altitude, the higher the temperature. For example, the tops and foothills of the Hengduan Mountains

Precipitation is higher on windward slopes and lower on leeward slopes.

Six

The four major oceans

Area in descending order is: the Pacific Ocean accounts for 50% of the total ocean area, the Atlantic Ocean is shaped like S, the Indian Ocean. Arctic Ocean. . Note the location of the four oceans <east, west, south, north >

The Pacific Ocean is bounded on the east by the Americas, on the south by Antarctica, on the west by Asia and Oceania, and on the north by the Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean.

The Atlantic Ocean is bounded by Europe and Africa to the east, Antarctica to the south, the Americas to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north.

The Indian Ocean is bounded by Oceania to the east, Antarctica to the south, Africa to the west, and Asia to the north.

The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by Europe, Asia, and the Americas.