How do foreign forces manipulate China's economic lifeline?

(1) set up a factory in China, which formed a monopoly on modern industries in China, making it difficult for China's national industries to develop independently. (2) Forcing the Qing government to borrow foreign debts to pay reparations. The Qing government's foreign reparations were huge, and the state's fiscal and taxation were unsustainable. Therefore, it was an important financial source for the Qing government to borrow foreign debts and take customs duties and salt taxes as guarantees. By controlling these two taxes, the great powers seized the throat of China's finance. (3) Set up a bank in China to make it a hub for exporting capital to China. These banks and their branches manipulated China's foreign exchange, handled loans to China, invested in factories and mines, and issued paper money, which formed a monopoly position in China's financial system and became the center of foreign powers' economic aggression against China. (4) Control the modern transportation industry in China. Railways became a tool for the great powers to control China, expand their sphere of influence and gain political and economic benefits. Most coastal and inland shipping industries are controlled by foreign companies. (5) It has caused serious damage to the agricultural economy of China. Foreign businessmen bought agricultural and sideline products from China at low prices as raw materials for their industrial production, dumped a large number of industrial products to China, and exploited them in scissors mode, which accelerated the shrinkage and decline of Chinese traditional agriculture.