What was the fertilizer for crops in China during the Ming Dynasty?

During the Ming Dynasty, the multiple cropping system in China developed rapidly, and the multiple cropping index increased at an unprecedented speed. The demand for fertilizer has also greatly increased. Doing everything possible to expand the source of fertilizer and increase fertilizer has become an important content of agricultural production development in this period, and the types of fertilizer have also increased. According to statistics, there were 12 kinds of fertilizers at that time, including:

Feces: 65,438+00 kinds of human manure, cow manure, horse manure, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure, bird manure, deer manure, etc.

Cake fertilizer: 65,438+065,438+0 kinds of rapeseed cake, beef oil cake, sesame cake, cottonseed cake, bean cake, radish seed cake, Erythrina grandiflora cake, hawthorn cake, dried pig bean cake, sesame cake and sesame cake.

Slag fertilizer: 65,438+02 all kinds of bean dregs, indigo dregs, sugar dregs, fruit oil dregs, distiller's grains, flower pit dregs, bean dregs, sesame dregs, Niu Pijiao, all kinds of gum dregs, true powder dregs and paint dregs.

Bone fertilizer: horse bone slices, ox bone slices, pig bone slices, sheep bone slices, bird and beast bone slices, fish ashes, etc.

Soil fertilizer: old wall soil, smoked soil, dust, burnt soil and pit soil.

Mud fertilizer: 7 kinds of mud, such as river mud, ditch mud, lake mud, pond mud, stove mud, stove mud and ground mud in front of corral.

Grey fertilizer: plant ash, firewood and simmered ash.

Green manure: Dianrao, barley, wheat, broad beans, twisted crops, stewed crops, alfalfa, mung beans, flax seed clover, plum beans, pulse beans, beans, zucchini, rape, fertile radish, dafengdou, thatched grass, Man Jing, sky blue, safflower and grass.

Straw fertilizer: root leaves, sesame straw, bean dustpan and hemp straw.

Inorganic fertilizer: 1 1 kinds of lime, gypsum, salt, brine, sulfur, arsenic, black alum, snail ash, oyster ash, clam ash and oyster ash.

Miscellaneous fertilizer: more than 40 kinds of poultry hair, fish heads and fish viscera, silkworm excrement, rice bran, bean shells, silkworm chrysalis, bath water and laundry ash juice.

There are about 130 kinds, which shows that there are many kinds of fertilizers in China in Ming and Qing dynasties, among which organic fertilizers account for the vast majority, reflecting the structural characteristics of organic fertilizers in ancient China, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers.