The most important bowstring instrument in Song Dynasty is

Xixia Gold in Liao and Song Dynasties (960- 1270)

China's traditional music not only exists in the court and the upper class, but also is more popular and active in different local operas, and musicians are gradually becoming civilian, resulting in different schools.

Sheng, from 17 spring, 19 spring to 36 spring () has been constantly improving.

The appearance of a stringed instrument, the Huqin, with a ponytail as the bow (similar in shape to modern stringed instruments) only appeared in the Song Dynasty.

During the Song Dynasty, the imperial court set up Dashengfu (making musical instruments), Zhuxiefu (making bronze musical instruments), Jiao Fang (teaching institutions, divided into 13 departments according to musicians' specialties) and other musical institutions.

During this period, most of them inherited the music system and huge band form of the Tang Dynasty. New musical instruments came from popular folk instruments or instruments of the same type were added. Quyi, opera and small ensemble gradually flourished, and the number of folk music associations also increased.

Important musical instruments at that time: official flute, Qiangdi, Huluqin, Mawei Huqin, Hulusheng and bamboo flute.

Yuan (127 1- 1368)

The court "Elegant Music" in the Yuan Dynasty still adopted the music system of the Song and Jin Dynasties, and there were about 37 kinds of musical instruments used. At this time, various ethnic groups and countries in China conducted extensive cultural exchanges and introduced many foreign musical instruments. The stringed instrument "Huqin" is widely used in the ensemble of the army and orchestra, and the instrumental ensemble is still dominated by strings and is popular with Mongolian instruments.

Important musical instruments at that time: Sanxian, Hobbes (introduced from Central Asia), 72-stringed Pipa (introduced from Baghdad), Xinglong Sheng (introduced from Central Asia), Yugu, Jianzi and Yunlong.

Ming and Qing Dynasties (1369-1911)

In the early Qing Dynasty, the pipa was no longer regarded as an authoritative instrument except for the newly created instruments before the Ming Dynasty. Sheng and guqin, because of their long-standing traditional values, occupy an important position in national music.

Huqin, suona and Lusheng have made great progress, and the types of huqin have increased, with the emergence of ukulele tribe tiger, banhu, yuehu, jinghu, sanxian huqin and Ma Touqin. Suona was only recorded in the Ming Dynasty, and was originally only used as accompaniment for singing and playing cut songs in military music and traditional Chinese opera music.

Music books and periodicals have been published, including the earliest pipa score published in China (Hua's Pipa Score) and various guqin playing books. The popular musical instruments in the Tang and Song Dynasties were gradually lost to the people, such as Zou, Paixiao and Fangxiang. However, the musical instruments used today were very popular at that time, such as flute, suona, sanxian, sheng, Xiao, pipe, huqin, Zheng, dulcimer, yueqin and pipa. At that time, drama and rap music continued to flourish, and their related instruments also increased and popularized.

During this period, China exchanged and used musical instruments with ethnic minorities and neighboring countries, and the newly produced musical instruments increased the volume and improved the timbre and range.