On the formal characteristics of modernist design.

A: Modernism developed from architectural design. Modern architecture has adhered to the basic position of facing the public since it came into being at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. In order to change the traditional and expensive building materials and construction methods, modernism resolutely adopted industrial building materials, such as cement, glass and steel, which greatly reduced the construction cost. At the same time, the basic structure and construction method of the building have been changed, and a large number of prefabricated components and field assembly have been adopted. In order to reduce costs and open a new era, modernism completely abolished decoration and followed the principle that "decoration is evil" put forward by Austrian architect Adolf Luce. There is a simple cubist appearance in form, and the color is basically an industrialized neutral color centered on white and black. The building is supported by columns, all of which adopt the so-called curtain wall structure. The basic principle of functionalism has become a new architectural form, which is simple to the extreme, less is more, indifferent and rational, and cubism. Therefore, we can simply summarize its formal characteristics as follows:

(1) Functionalism. Emphasize that function is the center and purpose of design, rather than taking form as the starting point of design, pay attention to the scientificity of design, and attach importance to the scientificity, convenience, economy and efficiency of design implementation.

(2) Formally advocate simple geometric modeling without decoration. Influenced by artistic cubism. The specific building has the following characteristics: ① Six-sided building. The bottom of the building is supported by columns, forming a complete building hexagon, so as to achieve the purpose of paying attention to space rather than simply focusing on volume. (2) The inevitable result of the structural characteristics of the whole building supported by columns is the appearance of curtain wall buildings. Due to the adoption of new building materials, glass curtain wall has become a common method, thus making glass curtain wall a symbol and symbol of modern architecture. ③ Standardization principle. Only standardization can mass production, reduce production costs and provide people with low-cost buildings. Therefore, standardization has technical considerations and is also a necessary means to serve modernist ideology. Because of standardization, the assembly method can be used in building construction, which has become a basic construction method of modern buildings. ④ Anti-decorative posture. Decoration causes unnecessary expenses and waste, which makes the building unable to serve the public. Therefore, anti-decoration is an ideological position, not just a decorative thought. All modernist masters have a clear anti-decoration position. ⑤ Neutral color scheme. Regardless of cost or anti-decoration, the color scheme must be neutral, that is, black and white color scheme is adopted, which conforms to the ideological and technical requirements of modern architecture.

(3) Pay attention to the consideration of space in the specific design, especially emphasize the overall design consideration, basically oppose the design on the plate and the forecast diagram, and emphasize the model-centered design planning.

(4) Pay attention to the cost and expenditure of the design object, and bring economic issues into the design as an important factor, so as to achieve practical and economical purposes.