The cultural heritage of jujube

Jujube has a long history of cultivation in China, and Qingyun County is known as the hometown of Chinese golden jujube. In the early 70s of last century in Qingyun County, QiZhouMu village excavated beans (a kind of high base of the food plate) found in the charcoal jujube core, archaeological authentication for the XiaShang period, four thousand years ago; And in henan xinzheng PeiLiGang culture site found in the charcoal jujube core, is about eight thousand years ago. The written records of jujube in China are more than three thousand years old. The oldest writings about jujube probably appeared in the Book of Songs, in the poem "Bin Feng - July" in "August peeling jujube, October rice." In "Wei Feng", there is "There are thorns in the garden, which are actually food." In Xiao Ya, there is "The green fly stops at the thorns." In "The Winds of Qin", there is "The yellow bird stops at the thorns." The term "thorns" refers to the jujube tree. Confucian classics on the jujube more detailed description, "Zhouli - Tianguan - fruit people" said that "the fruit of the food, in fact, jujube, halo, peach, hazelnut." Yi Li - Hire Rites" said, jujube, chestnut or the ancient lords and lords of each other on the occasion of mutual greetings, brought to the officials in charge of the Hajj gifts, with the capacity of two of the capacity of one bucket and two liters of the upper side of the square bamboo gui with a cover, a full of jujube, a full of chestnuts, and offered. It is said in "Rites of the Ceremony" (《仪礼-既夕礼》) that on the night of the last weeping and hanging before the burial, the offerings should be made in the form of dried jujube and chestnut. Rites of passage - special animal food rites" and "Rites of passage - there is a division", the vassal and the lower officials - Shi, the first day of the month temple sacrifice, sacrificial species in addition to the provisions of the livestock, are jujube and chestnut, and jujube and chestnut by whom to place, have to pay attention to. And then after the "state of war policy - yan policy a" records: su qin lobbying six countries, to yan wenhou said "the south has jieshi, yanmen of the ravishing, the north has jujube chestnut benefit, although the people are not by the field, jujube chestnut of the real, enough to solid in the people, this so-called heavenly mansion is also." This shows that the jujube is the economic lifeblood of the north of the Yan State, is the emperor to consider one of the basis of the national policy of governance and help. For the cultivation of jujube tree planting, "wide range of things Bo Zhi" has recorded: "Zhou Wen Wang, there is a weak branch of jujube is very beautiful, prohibited not to be taken, placed in the tree garden." The qimin yaojutsu" record is more detailed: "choose (jujube) good flavor, stay planted, wait for jujube leaves begin to grow and move." "jujube nature strong, not to seedling plunder." "Er Ya - interpretation of wood" is China's first record to explain the date varieties of the book, its records of the Zhou Dynasty date varieties have pot date, to date, white date, sour date, Qi date, sheep date, date, fill date, date, bitter date, unsubstantial date and so on eleven kinds of date. To the Yuan Dynasty, "playing date spectrum" in the record stereotypes of date varieties up to seventy-two kinds. To the qianlong period of the qing dynasty, "plant name real map kao" recorded jujube varieties reached eighty-seven kinds. It can be said that, from the ancient harvesting of fruit to later planting, from the ancient to the king of the food to the vassal mutual greetings gift, to Confucianism "three rituals" (i.e., funeral, funeral, sacrificial rites) supplies, Ming and Qing dynasty royal offerings, and then to the later generations with the development of the economy of the people consciously large-scale planting, jujube as a fruit in the politics, economy, life Occupies a very important position. In thousands of years of life and production practice, jujube tree and jujube township people have formed an unbreakable bond, people plant jujube, manage jujube, use jujube, change the way to eat jujube, but also write jujube, recite jujube, sing jujube, paint jujube, jujube slowly enter and integrate into all areas of human society and life, and gradually formed the culture of jujube. The idea of jujube, jujube culture and jujube township of the scenery and people, folk customs blending, jujube culture will be in the long river of history with the inheritance of successive generations thicker and thicker, become rich and broad, from different levels, different symbolism, different degrees reflecting all things on earth. Jujube culture is mainly expressed in literature and art, politics, economy, philosophy and all aspects of social life. Jujube and history, culture, folklore, and war, policy, ancient and modern celebrities, and agriculture, industry, tourism, and people's names, place names, daily life and so on are inextricably linked, leaving traces of jujube culture everywhere. Literary and artistic works depicting or relating to jujube are the soul of jujube culture, mainly including legends, stories, novels, poems, essays, dramas, idioms, riddles, hiatus, couplets, jokes, tongue-twisters, fables, aphorisms, proverbs, paintings, photographs, sculptures, songs, and instrumental music, etc. The jujube has been written into poems by poets through the ages. Jujube has been written into poems and songs by poets through the ages, and poems praising the jujube tree abound. Through these poems, we have traveled through the time and space tunnel, and we can enjoy the scenery of the previous jujube township, feel the vicissitudes of history, and recall the love for jujube of the deceased sages and contemporary people. The Tang Dynasty poet Li Chip chanted, "The barley is yellow in the south wind in April, and the jujube blossoms end up in the shade of Tong"; another famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Changqing, wrote, "Walking through the big mountains and small mountains, the red piece of the underground on the room"; and the Song Dynasty poet Zhang Lei wrote, "The jujube path is cooled by rain. After the rain cool, white shirt, black hat, wild people dressed", Qing dynasty Qingyun county magistrate Guishan recited "it is clear and good season, jujube buds the first growth of wheat is beginning to fertilize", another poet also wrote "jungles Teng red haze, thousands of shooting clouds red", contemporary poets are even issued a Contemporary poets are issued a sigh of admiration "diffuse autumn winds in the sunset, a tree of 10,000 beads of red", leisurely and harmonious idyllic scenery jumped off the page. Su Shi, a great poet of the Song Dynasty, when he was the governor of Xuzhou, gladly composed the lyrics "Raccoon River Sand", "Rustling clothes and towels falling jujube blossoms, reeling carts ringing in the south and north of the village, oxen dressed in ancient willows to sell cucumbers," which expressed his joy for the new rural scene after the rain. Cui Xu, a poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote "the river in the autumn forest in August day, the red beads are pressed on the branches of the garden; long-waisted healthy women carry baskets to go, jujube poles are twenty fists long", and some poets wrote "the spring winds have passed and the autumn equinox, jujube sound declared across the Long heard; three or two people 100,000 trees, the fields and ridges of the sun cloud red", "the golden autumn jujube harvest. The scene of small jujube harvest in the golden autumn is like hearing its sound and seeing its scenery. Li Lu of the Qing Dynasty said, "The road to the jujube grove is divergent, and the pedestrian road is the old Xixi River. The poem of "Red damask car slow pear water, the wind warms the sand and softly traps the horse's hooves" describes the charming scenery of the jujube garden. In the anti-Japanese war era, Xiao Hua commander in his creation of the "Lu Jibian march" sang with emotion "not afraid of two hundred strongholds of the enemy crazy sweeping, let it from the horizontal highway network, three or five miles from the enemy camp, not afraid to eat the leaves and chaff of jujube, and will always stand on our post, the more difficult the environment is our glory; comrades, we want to do it to the end, we will be sure to win! !" Expresses the strong will and proletarian revolutionary optimism of our soldiers in the military region to fight to the end. Wang Shuli, deputy director of Shandong Development and Reform Commission, was pleased to write "Tang Jujube Fugue" and "Jujube Poetry" when he was appointed as the secretary of Qingyun County Party Committee, sending out the heartfelt sentiments of "Contempt of life when it's like this, the commonwealth of self-strengthening to unceasingly" and "I want to persuade those who are seeking longevity to make a long time as a person of Qingyun," which expressed the feelings of all the people in the township of jujube for the jujube tree and the spirit of optimism of the proletariat revolution. It expresses the infinite admiration and love of all the people in jujube township for the jujube tree. Folk stories and anecdotes are widely spread, giving the people of Zaoxiang a good wish. In Qingyun Li Jin River Zhou Yin village existing the country's longest (1300 years) king of jujube tree - Tang Zaojiao tree, there is the end of the Sui Dynasty hero Luo Cheng had crossed the jujube tree tethered horse rest under the legend. Legend has it that in the border war for many years of general Luo Cheng with his father back home to visit relatives, halfway tired, will be not far from the south bank of the jujube tree in the south bank of the Lijin River tethered to rest under the cool, sound asleep, from the branches fell ripe red jujubes smashed woke up, pick up the hand to fill up, full of mouth, sweet through the bowels of the body, doubly feel the spirit of the big boost. Luo Cheng later saw the King of Qin, Li Shimin, busy offering a few jujubes that fell into the cracks of the saddle, Li Shimin tasted and praised. After Li Shimin became the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, every year in the fall when the jujubes were ripe and red, he would send people to Zhou Yin Village to pick jujubes. Therefore, the local people like to call the Tang Jujube Tree "Luo Cheng Hitching Post". There is a legend is more magical, when the king of yan swept north in ming dynasty, many local people hide under the tang jujube tree, suddenly the fog is filled with, can't see five fingers, the army soldiers from this pass by did not find the people, the people were spared, so the local people also called the tang jujube tree for the god tree. Local also circulated a tragic story, it is said that the king of yan sweeping north, there is a mother for the rescue of the son of the passer-by, give up their own son, and finally was killed by the soldiers together, the burial place in the second year of the mother and son tree grew up. Therefore, there are descendants for the Tang Zaojiao tree poem praise: "the Lijin old river water gurgling slowly, branches and leaves with a thousand years; vicissitudes of read all see rise and fall, chaste stem high and clean generation to generation; Wagang heroes had tied horse, Yan Wang swept the north of the fog in the sky; offspring reproduction all over the earth, leaving red fruit benefit the human world." In Qingyun Yanwu Township, south of Dadian Village, there is a several hundred years of sour jujube tree, it is said that there is a beautiful and poignant moving story. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuch officials of the Ministry of Rites who were responsible for choosing a consort for the people came to the territory of Qingyun, which belonged to the Hetian Prefecture at that time, and the sound of sounding gongs attracted a peasant woman in a village along the roadside to lie down on the wall and watch, and it happened to be seen by the eunuch officials, and she was chosen because of her natural beauty, and she was sent to the palace in a few days' time. But the woman surnamed Wang early interested in people, they cry every day, into the palace a few days before, hanged himself, people had to Wang girl buried in the wasteland outside the village. After a few years, buried in the place of the Wang girl grew a jujube tree, jujube and sour and astringent, the local people call it "sour jujube tree". In the Taihang Mountains, there is also a magical story. Legend has it that at the beginning of the Sui Dynasty in Shanxi, a woman surnamed Su, at the age of 17, got a strange disease, pale, ulcerated, thin as firewood. Family members sought medical help from many places, but could not be cured. The girl's teardrops became rows and she wanted to die. Later, she entered the Taihang Mountains, see a tree full of red fruit, tired and hungry Su girl picked food, food, then fainted dead. Three months later, a miracle occurred, the girl became as beautiful as a flower, exuding a burst of fragrance. Folks see, thought she has become immortal, have worship, called this red fruit for the "holy fruit". In fact, Su girl ate the wild fruit is red dates. Therefore, there are local slang such as "a jujube in front of the door, red face does not appear old", "to make the skin good, porridge with red jujube" and so on. Since ancient times, jujube township of the year festival folklore, everywhere inseparable from jujube. People put more hope on jujube and link it with festivities, such as blessing, wishing for longevity, congratulating the New Year, and congratulating the happy food must have red jujube. When a girl in the village gets married, some dried jujubes are stuffed into the dowry, bedding and wardrobe boxes accompanying her mother's family. On the night of the wedding, the in-laws also have mothers-in-law and aunts to sprinkle some red dates and peanuts into the newcomer's cave, taking its harmonic meaning of early birth, reflecting people's expectations for the inheritance of children and grandchildren and the pursuit of a sweet life. In the past, the woman gave birth to a child, some give the child a name, the girl is called "jujube flower", "jujube incense", the boy is called "jujube column", "jujube pile The girl is called "Zao Hua", "Zao Xiang", the boy is called "Zao Zhu", "Zao Pile", etc. Children over the full moon, adults hold the child out of the house, hold to whose house, whose family will have to give a gift of jujube, empty body out to bring back in kind, heralded the child grew into adulthood after the thick and honest. Children's birthday, parents let the child put the date cake in front of the board jumped three times, predicting that the child jumped high, fast growth, early adulthood. Zaoxiang also retains a lot of customs, over the Spring Festival to steam jujube cake sacrifice to the gods; May Dragon Boat Festival to pack jujube dumplings; August 15 Mid-Autumn Festival to jujube, apples, grapes and other fruits to ancestors; the eighth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar each year, families are boiled small jujube congee, commonly known as the "Laha congee" custom. On the twenty-third day of the Lunar New Year, commonly known as the small year, families with corn flour and dates made of rice cakes, sticky and sweet, especially delicious. On weekdays, people do some jujube food, self-eating or banquets, gifts to guests. Jujube traditional practices are many, mainly jujube buns, jujube rice, jujube cakes, jujube cake, jujube rolls, jujube tea soup, jujube mud bag, can also be made into a drunken jujube, drunken jujube, roasted jujube, sandwich jujube, jujube, jujube and so on, but also brewed "jujube wood bar" old shochu. Now people with the help of modern science and technology, made a nutritious, very delicious gelatin honey jujube, crispy jujube, jujube vinegar, jujube powder, as well as jujube juice, jujube beer, etc., jujube products are not only into the ordinary people's homes, but also went out of the country, and has become a delicacy for the people all over the world. Jujube as a gift between friends and relatives, is not only a kind of delicacy food, its meaning is far more than its own. The State Language - Lu Language: "Couples execute but jujube and chestnut, in order to tell piety also." Jujube, take the early rise; chestnut, take respect. Rituals - Shi wedding" in: "quality Ming, Zan see aunt ...... woman with jujube and chestnut, from the door into the west step into the worship, laying on the seat." Means that ancient women get up early in the morning to see the elders, often offer jujube and chestnut fruit, early piety. Miscellaneous five lines of the Book of language "served in the jujube kernel in the people two or seven, to avoid disease. Can often serve in the date core and thorns, the hundred evils are not dry again." It means that jujube also has the symbolism of driving away evil spirits and praying for blessings. In jujube township, all passing guests can enter the jujube garden taste, jujube farmers do not collect money, even if the owner is not in can also go to pick food, "melon, peach, plum, jujube, not robbers," said exactly that. The people of jujube country also take jujube as a symbol of good love. Writer Yang Ping in the "jujube country rambles" book made a detailed record: "in the jujube country, young men and women expression of intent is more than the jujube harvest season, picking their own jujube garden tree on the largest, reddest fresh jujube and their own age number of equal to send with each other, each other, the expression of mind. After they leave, the blushing woman also want to catch up with the person of interest, secretly stuffed to each other two big hard to find big red dates turn away, the man only then understand: two jujube through the red through the bright, implying that the male party 'early' to propose marriage, the two through the bright red heart 'early' combination of together." The jujube culture has a long history and is inherited from the same lineage, and is constantly enriched and innovated, giving it a distinctive color of the times. To this day, the people of the jujube township to jujube as a medium, a wide range of economic and trade activities, Shandong Leling has held 18 consecutive Jinshi small jujube festival. In shandong qingyun, the local government in advocating the masses to plant jujube trees to promote the earth jujube gardening construction at the same time, create "ecological jujube township" brand, the development of a larger scale tang jujube eco-park, the garden of nearly 10,000 ancient jujube trees of different shapes and forms, attracting a large number of tourists, has become the county and a new tourism highlights. /%C0%CF%D0%EC%B5%C4%CE%C4%D1%A7%C0%D6%D4%B0/blog/item/26be41c260619534e5dd3b97.html

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