Guiding Opinions of Banks on Credit Granting to Small Enterprises

Article 1 In order to guide banks to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, change their business philosophy, optimize their asset structure, and improve and strengthen financial services for small enterprises, this guidance is put forward according to the practical experience of banks in granting credit to small enterprises in recent years and relevant laws and regulations. ?

Article 2 The credit granted to small enterprises in these Guiding Opinions generally refers to the credit granted by banks to enterprises with a total credit of less than 5 million yuan (inclusive), total assets of less than100000 yuan (inclusive), or a total credit of less than 5 million yuan (inclusive) and annual sales of less than 30 million yuan (inclusive), as well as the credit granted by various legal person organizations and self-employed households engaged in business activities.

Credit in these Guidelines generally refers to various off-balance-sheet credit and financing businesses such as loans, trade financing, discounting, factoring, loan commitments, guarantees, letters of credit and bill acceptance.

Banks in these Guidelines include policy banks and commercial banks. Commercial banks generally refer to state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks, urban credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives, village banks and foreign banks.

Article 3 Banks should enhance their sense of social responsibility in granting credit to small enterprises, follow the principles of self-management, self-financing, self-risk and market-oriented operation, and realize the commercial sustainable development of credit business for small enterprises.

Banks should carry out small business credit according to the characteristics and inherent laws of small business credit, so as to achieve simple procedures, adjustable conditions, calculable costs, floating interest rates, controllable risks and separable responsibilities.

Article 4? Banks should innovate small business credit, improve business processes, risk management and internal control, and focus on establishing and improving the "six mechanisms" of small business credit, including interest rate risk pricing mechanism, independent accounting mechanism, efficient examination and approval mechanism, incentive and restraint mechanism, professional training mechanism and default information notification mechanism.

Article 5 A bank shall establish a professional organizational structure, form a relatively independent business assessment unit with hierarchical management, and set up a full-time team to carry out professional operation.

Article 6 Banks should establish standardized business processes. With the help of credit management information system, we can formulate corresponding standardized credit business processes for different small business credit products, clarify the operating standards and time-limited processing requirements of each business link, and realize professional and standardized processing in the front, middle and back offices.

Article 7 Banks shall make clear the market and customer orientation. It is necessary to subdivide the small business market and customers, formulate market strategies, study the characteristics, operating rules and risk characteristics of various small business customer groups, establish the standards for small business customers' access and exit, establish target customer reserves, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of marketing.

Article 8 Banks should establish brand awareness, strengthen the branding of credit products of small enterprises according to the characteristics of short, small, frequent and urgent financing needs of small enterprises, and promote product innovation to meet the needs of small enterprises in different regions, industries, types and development stages.

Article 9 Banks should provide different product portfolio services according to different financing subjects, financing amounts, financing periods and guarantee methods of small enterprises. It can provide working capital loans, revolving loans, packaged loans, export tax rebate account custody loans, acceptance and discount of commercial bills, discount of interest-bearing bills by buyers or agreements, credit card overdraft, corporate account overdraft, import and export trade financing, accounts receivable transfer, factoring, letter of guarantee, loan commitment, etc.

Banks can introduce syndicated loans to provide credit services for small enterprises.

Article 10 A bank shall establish an efficient examination and approval mechanism. Under the premise of controlling risks, the examination and approval authority should be set reasonably, the examination and approval process should be optimized, and the examination and approval efficiency should be improved.

Banks should implement different authorization management according to the economic development level and credit environment in different regions, the management level and risk control ability of different branches and the risk degree of different credit products.

The credit granting links of banks to small enterprises can be synchronized or merged. The preliminary investigation of small business customer marketing and credit granting can be carried out simultaneously, the investigation and review of credit granting can be carried out simultaneously, and the inspection after pre-credit granting can be carried out simultaneously with the current credit granting investigation; Small business credit evaluation, credit line verification and credit approval can be combined; We can try to carry out centralized batch processing of credit business for small enterprises.

Banks can grant account managers and credit examiners certain credit approval authority respectively.

Eleventh bank credit investigation should pay attention to the field investigation, and can not rely solely on the financial statements or various written materials of small enterprises, and can not rely solely on guarantees.

Banks should pay attention to collecting non-financial information of small enterprises, including personal credit status, household income and expenditure status, enterprise management, technical level, industry status and market prospects of small enterprises and their owners or major shareholders.

According to the information collected by investigation, banks can compile the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement of small enterprises or their owners or major shareholders, which will be the main basis for analyzing the financial situation and repayment ability of small enterprises.

Twelfth banks should establish and improve the credit risk assessment system for small business customers. The credit scoring system of small enterprises can be established according to the indexes such as the duration of enterprises, the quality of operators, operating conditions, solvency, credit status and development prospects, so as to highlight the credit of owners or major shareholders of small enterprises and evaluate the market environment and credit environment in which small enterprises are located.

Article 13 Banks may issue credit loans. For small enterprises with good credit, which can really repay loans, banks can issue credit loans with a certain amount and period on the basis of fully reflecting risks in pricing.

Article 14 Banks can accept the mortgage of real estate and shops, the pledge of property rights in intellectual property rights such as trademark exclusive right, patent right and copyright, the pledge of warehouse receipts and bills of lading, the pledge of fund shares and stock rights, the pledge of accounts receivable, the pledge of inventory, the pledge of export tax refund tax forms, the pledge of supply and marketing contracts of enterprises with good credit standing, and the pledge, pledge and guarantee of personal property of small business owners or major shareholders.

Banks can flexibly adopt the guarantee method, make full use of new loan guarantee forms such as co-owner guarantee, economic consortium guarantee and export credit insurance to replace the guarantee, and give credit support to small enterprises supported by national financial discount, science and technology small enterprise venture capital fund, technological innovation fund or small enterprises guaranteed by professional guarantee institutions.

Fifteenth banks should innovate the use and repayment of credit lines. Revolving loan, whole loan with zero compensation, zero loan with zero compensation, installment repayment of principal and interest, one-time installment repayment of principal and interest, and grace period installment repayment of principal and interest can be carried out.

Article 16 A bank shall establish an interest rate risk pricing mechanism. Adhere to the principle that income covers costs and risks, and within the scope permitted by laws and policies, independently determine the loan interest rate according to factors such as risk level, financing cost, management cost, credit target income, capital return requirements, local market interest rate level, and implement differential pricing for different small enterprises or different credits.

Article 17 A bank shall encourage account managers to establish extensive and regular community relations in the communities served by the bank, so as to collect information and supervise the use of credit.

Article 18 Banks should determine different post-loan management priorities according to the risk characteristics of different credit products. Focus on monitoring sales return, cash flow changes, repayment and guarantee changes, and timely report major events that may affect credit repayment in writing and take necessary measures.

Article 19 Banks should strengthen the classified management of credit risks of small enterprises. According to the principle of combining loans overdue days with guarantee methods, credit risks of small enterprises are classified.

On the basis of scientific calculation, banks should reasonably set the control index of credit non-performing rate of small enterprises and adjust it in time with the changes of risks.

Article 20 Banks should establish a reasonable mechanism for withdrawing reserve for loan losses of small enterprises and writing off bad debts, and withdraw reserve and write off bad debts in accordance with relevant regulations. For the creditor's rights that have been written off, it is necessary to "write off the account, keep the case and have the right".

Article 21 A bank shall establish a statistical system and an information management system to meet the needs of the credit business of small enterprises. The information management system shall record and summarize the credit application, use and repayment of all small enterprises in the past; Credit business personnel should be enabled to monitor credit risks in a timely manner, including credit categories, risk classification results, repayment situation, credit balance and guarantee changes.

Banks should establish and strengthen communication and coordination with local governments, public security, taxation, industry and commerce, trade associations, accounting firms, law firms, credit management consulting companies and other institutions, and pay attention to and collect public information, legal information, identity information and credit transaction information related to small enterprises and their owners or major shareholders.

Article 22 A bank shall establish a default information notification mechanism. The default information of small enterprises and their affiliated enterprises is entered into the Bank's information management system or internal notification through post-loan monitoring. Regularly report to the China Banking Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices; Inform banking financial institutions through banking associations, and jointly punish and publicly disclose small enterprises that maliciously evade bank debts.

Article 23 A bank shall establish an independent accounting mechanism. Improve and perfect cost management, establish an independent accounting mechanism and an internal cooperation assessment mechanism based on internal transfer prices, formulate special indicators, and independently assess the costs and benefits of credit business of small enterprises.

Article 24 A bank shall establish an incentive and restraint mechanism. Formulate a special performance appraisal and reward and punishment mechanism, increase the allocation of resources, highlight the positive incentives for branches and credit granting personnel, and extract a certain proportion from the net income of credit granting business of small enterprises to reward front-line business personnel.

Banks should include the credit situation of small enterprises in the scope of assessment of branches, and the assessment indicators should include the economic added value created by them, the quantity and amount of new and existing credit lines, the quality and management level of credit lines, etc.

The assessment of account managers can be linked to business volume, realized performance contribution and asset quality; The assessment of credit granting personnel in other small enterprises can be linked with comprehensive performance indicators such as business, benefit and credit granting quality.

Twenty-fifth banks should take incentive and restraint measures to strengthen the credit awareness of small enterprises. For small enterprises with good credit, preferential treatment can be given in terms of credit line, term, interest rate and guarantee conditions, and loans for small enterprises with normal operation and regular interest payment can be extended or reorganized. For small enterprises with poor credit, in addition to taking risk disposal measures, they can also take default information notification measures.

Twenty-sixth China Banking Regulatory Commission to implement incentive policies for bank loans to small businesses. For commercial banks with outstanding credit business for small enterprises, institutions and outlets may be added; For local corporate banks and financial institutions with outstanding credit business for small enterprises, cross-regional institutions and outlets may be considered.

Article 27 A bank shall formulate a credit due diligence system for small enterprises and a corresponding accountability and exemption system. According to the requirements of "Guidelines for Due Diligence Investigation of Credit Granting to Small Enterprises of Commercial Banks (Trial)" (Yinfa [2006] No.69), we should abandon the traditional practice of investigating the responsibility of single-family and single-family loans. On the basis of assessing the overall quality and comprehensive return, we should investigate or exempt the relevant responsible persons from the corresponding responsibilities according to the actual situation and relevant regulations, so that those who do their duty will be exempted and those who fail will be held accountable.

Article 28 A bank shall establish a special personnel training mechanism. Actively learn from the successful experience of small business credit at home and abroad, adopt a hierarchical and step-by-step way, strengthen the business training of small business credit personnel, implement the system of post qualification recognition and holding certificates, so that they can update their concepts, master the characteristics and risk control methods of small business credit, improve their marketing and ability to collect, sort out and analyze financial and non-financial information, be familiar with the requirements of due diligence, and gradually form a good small business credit culture.

Article 29 Banks shall submit relevant information on credit granting to small enterprises to the China Banking Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices as required, including credit line, number of households, asset quality, etc.

Article 30 A bank may formulate specific implementation measures in accordance with these Guiding Opinions and the actual situation of the bank.

Article 31 These Guiding Opinions shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the Guiding Opinions of Banks on Developing Small Business Loans (No.54 [2005] of the Bank) shall be abolished at the same time.