How do schools and teachers cultivate creativity

Traditional physical education teaching emphasizes the teacher as the center and the purpose of imparting knowledge. For a long time, students have been in a passive, passive and repressed position in physical education teaching. The teacher's forced teaching method has greatly dampened students' enthusiasm for going to physical education class, and the number of people who like physical education class has gradually decreased with the growth of age and grade. A large number of students are listless in physical education class, and even hate the teacher's preaching, but they are full of interest in extracurricular sports activities, which is in sharp contrast. With the development and further deepening of the new round of curriculum reform, the physical education teaching mode characterized by teachers telling students to listen and teachers demonstrating students' imitation has been abandoned. It is also inevitable to establish a new physical education teaching model that adapts to the development of the times, meet the growing physiological and psychological needs of students, and strengthen the cultivation of students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in learning.

In recent years, many new teaching modes have emerged, such as: guidance-discovery, situation-edification, goal-regulation, practice first-guidance later, etc. These teaching modes highlight students' dominant position in teaching. It plays a very important role in mobilizing students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in learning. The diversification and individualization of teaching mode is one of the directions of new curriculum reform and a means to promote students' healthy growth and all-round development. The requirements of the curriculum objectives for students are clear: strengthening physical fitness, mastering and applying basic physical education and health knowledge and sports skills; Cultivate sports interests and hobbies, and form the habit of persisting in exercise; Have good psychological quality, showing interpersonal skills and cooperative spirit; Improve the sense of responsibility for personal health and group health, and form a healthy lifestyle; Carry forward the spirit of sports and form a positive, optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life. To achieve the course goal, we must fundamentally change students' learning methods, take all feasible measures to stimulate sports interest, and comprehensively improve students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in learning.

First, the cultivation of learning initiative

Traditional physical education is teacher-centered, with teaching materials as the content, highlighting the role of teachers, and the main role of students is not clear. Therefore, in the application of teaching methods, most of them are based on teachers' lectures, supplemented by exercises and review. Students' learning enthusiasm is low, and their learning initiative and creativity have not been brought into play. Only paying attention to the research of teaching methods and ignoring the discussion of learning methods leads to the unclear purpose and function of learning methods, which seriously affects the teaching effect. With the development of society and the awakening of students' subjective consciousness, these phenomena of attaching importance to teaching and neglecting learning can no longer meet the requirements of the new curriculum reform. To cultivate students' learning initiative, we must first establish a new classroom teaching model with students as the main body.

1. Teachers and students have equal status

In physical education teaching, teachers and students should be in an equal position, and the situation that teachers dominate the whole classroom independently must be changed. Let students fully participate in classroom teaching activities, give full play to students' initiative, fully display their talents, fully develop their personality and truly become the masters of classroom teaching. Only when teachers step off the altar of "egoism", approach students, be their friends, and truly achieve equality can students' dominant position be guaranteed. Teachers can also play a greater role than traditional teaching. Guide students to enjoy learning by guiding their interests; Guiding the study of life science with guiding thinking; Guide students to learn well through guidance; Guide students' learning through guiding method. To achieve mutual influence, mutual learning, mutual inspiration and mutual supplement, teachers and students * * * knowledge, * * * enjoyment, * * * progress. In this way, only by establishing a bilateral relationship between teachers and students can the initiative of students be fully mobilized.

2. Diversified teaching forms

In physical education teaching, teaching forms should be flexible and diverse. First of all, we should vigorously develop physical education curriculum resources: knowledge, skills, methods, activities and values related to physical education and health, which are the direct sources of the formation of the curriculum itself, and we call them material resources; In addition, although it is not the direct source of the course itself, it also determines the implementation level of the course to a great extent, such as manpower, material resources, venue implementation, factors inside and outside the school, which we call conditional resources. Only by developing material and conditional resources and making full use of existing limited resources can our teaching activities be colorful. Modern classroom teaching is a place where teachers and students discuss problems together. Collective teaching, group teaching, individual teaching and other teaching organizational forms should be organically combined to reflect the compatible coexistence of cooperative learning, research learning and personalized learning, so as to construct a multilateral interactive curriculum teaching structure. Only by changing from "promoting learning through teaching" to "promoting teaching through learning" can we really stimulate students' subjective consciousness of learning.

3. Personalized teaching methods

Teaching methods include teaching methods and learning methods. Each teacher's understanding of the textbook is different, and the actual situation of students' learning is also different. Therefore, we should not cut across the board, let alone stick to the rules, and establish a sense of characteristics. Facts have proved that a single, modular and formulaic teaching method is not feasible, which will make students feel disgusted and is not conducive to the cultivation of initiative. To form their own personalized teaching, we must carry out it according to teachers' own advantages. Teaching is a creative activity, and the creativity of teaching is first reflected in the treatment of teaching materials; Secondly, it is reflected in the optimization of teaching methods; Third, it is reflected in the individualization of teaching style. For example, some teachers are good at expressing emotions, full of emotions in class, and educate students in strong infection; Some teachers are good at training, teaching methods and guiding practice in class, so that students can grow their talents in practice; Some teachers pay attention to thinking, cleverly set up situations in class, inspire and guide, and students increase their intelligence through positive thinking; Some teachers pursue vividness, the teaching materials are fascinating and superb, so that students can gain knowledge in the enjoyment of beauty ... In personalized teaching, teachers should also adopt flexible teaching methods according to the actual situation and physiological and psychological characteristics of students to avoid backfiring and get half the result with half the effort.

4. Modernization of teaching methods

Teaching means is a tool for teachers and students to transmit information in the teaching process. With the development of modern science and technology, the single classroom teaching mode will inevitably be impacted. Adopting modern teaching methods can make the teaching content move from plane to three-dimensional, from static to dynamic, from words to sounds and images, which will greatly increase the initiative and interest of classroom teaching and greatly mobilize students' learning enthusiasm. The application of computer and multimedia teaching can make profound changes in physical education classroom teaching. It can cultivate students' ability to acquire knowledge, apply knowledge and process knowledge actively. It can create a classroom that transcends time and space, which will bring about a breakthrough in the teaching field.

Second, the cultivation of learning enthusiasm.

"Stimulating sports interest and cultivating students' lifelong awareness of sports" is one of the basic concepts of physical education and health curriculum. Interest is a good way to stimulate students' learning motivation and desire, and it is also an important standard to measure the quality of classroom teaching. Interest can promote students' enthusiasm for learning. This requires us to take into account all aspects that may affect students' interest in learning, combine the physiological and psychological characteristics of students of different ages, meet their physiological and psychological needs as much as possible, change fear and weariness of learning into love, eagerness and willingness to learn, and create a good teaching atmosphere. Make their enthusiasm for learning constantly improve, and lay a good foundation for the final formation of "lifelong sports consciousness"

1. Awaken the subject consciousness

Both students and teachers are the subjects of teaching activities, and all the influences of education and teaching can only be accepted by students through their own activities under the guidance of teachers. For a long time, due to the influence of traditional educational ideas, the concept of "teachers teach and students learn" still exists in the minds of some students. Therefore, we must awaken their subjective consciousness, let them all use their brains, use their words and take the initiative to participate in bilateral teaching activities, from which they can truly realize the emotion of personally participating in mastering knowledge, produce a pleasant emotional experience, and realize the truth and draw conclusions under the guidance, inspiration and inspiration of teachers. Take physical education learning as an intense and enjoyable activity, and consciously and actively put people into learning. In teaching, teachers should deal with the relationship between imparting knowledge and cultivating ability, carefully study teaching methods, pay attention to cultivating students' independence and autonomy, be more democratic and less arranged; More guidance, teaching and guidance, less explanation and problem analysis, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students for autonomous learning. Only by adapting to the needs of students to the maximum extent, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and encouraging students to study creatively voluntarily can we achieve good teaching results.

2. The improvement of teaching efficiency

From the student's point of view, I hate those tedious and lengthy exercises and those nagging teachers. In their minds, physical education class is a relaxing and enjoyable course to adjust their intense study. Let students learn physical education in pleasure, gain a sense of success and experience the joy of overcoming difficulties. We should pay attention to teaching efficiency and reduce students' learning burden, otherwise students will be farther and farther away from our classroom. To improve the efficiency of classroom teaching, we should embody the word "essence" and truly achieve "essence and simplicity". This is different from the "intensive teaching and more practice" advocated in the past. A class lasts only 45 minutes, so we don't have much time to organize students to practice better. Only by letting them know the purpose and method of exercise and consciously using their spare time for exercise is also conducive to the cultivation of students' lifelong sports consciousness. Therefore, teachers must prepare lessons carefully, study teaching methods and design auxiliary exercises, so as to improve classroom teaching efficiency.

3. Creation of infection situation

Infection is to arouse others' same thoughts and feelings through language or other forms. Teachers' every move in physical education and health courses can have a great influence on students. Creating vivid and reasonable infection situations in teaching and giving full play to the appeal of physical education and health teaching will inevitably greatly improve the enthusiasm for learning. Interesting teaching methods are the premise of creating infection situations. Only by paying attention to the ideological and interesting teaching materials and according to the actual situation of students can we constantly innovate and design a unique situation suitable for students' growth needs.

4. Create a harmonious atmosphere

Teaching practice shows that the most active factor in the teaching process is the relationship between teachers and students. Students also have an emotional experience in the process of acquiring knowledge. Why do students prefer teachers who are good at communicating feelings between teachers and students? On the one hand, it is influenced by teachers' own personality charm, on the other hand, it is inseparable from the harmonious atmosphere in the teaching process. In the process of physical education teaching activities, physical education teachers and students are not only the unity of emotional teaching and thinking teaching, but also in an equal position. In teaching, we should fully respect students' personality and teachers' teaching work, so as to achieve emotional harmony, knowledge harmony and teacher-student harmony in teaching. Harmonious teacher-student relationship is an important condition for the healthy development of students' personality and personality, and an important factor to promote the success of physical education and health teaching activities. The relationship between teachers and students plays a "bridge" role between teaching activities and teaching effects: knowledge transfer, moral education, emotional cultivation and physical exercise can only be realized in a harmonious atmosphere between teachers and students.

5. Use of incentives

In the teaching process, if we can make good use of incentives, we can also improve students' learning enthusiasm. The essence of motivation lies in affirming students' own learning ability, making students realize their progress and improving their self-confidence. Teachers should try their best to pay attention to the individual differences and different needs of each student and pay attention to cultivating their sense of success. Special attention should be paid to the timely affirmation and praise of the phased progress made in their own learning process, so that students at different levels can enjoy the happiness brought by learning progress, which has a good promotion effect on enhancing self-confidence and surpassing themselves, thus promoting them to study more consciously and harder.

Third, the cultivation of learning creativity.

The improvement of students' innovative ability is an important link in the teaching process, and the cultivation of innovative ability is a long-term process. We must create a good learning environment and atmosphere for students, so as to stimulate students' creative thinking and constantly consolidate and improve this creative ability under the correct guidance of teachers. In the traditional physical education teaching mode, students can only imitate and practice mechanically, and their thinking activities do not always produce creative thinking results. Their thinking performance is more about revealing memories. The result can only be the accumulation of knowledge and mastery of skills, which has no obvious effect on improving students' practical operation and creativity. Now the demand for talents is increasing, especially for talents' creativity and innovation ability, which is consistent with the requirements of curriculum standards for students. It is the responsibility and obligation of teachers to cultivate more innovative talents for the society. The cultivation of students' innovative ability in physical education teaching is not to ask students to invent and create new things, but to cultivate students' initial experience and methods of creative activities, cultivate students' innovative consciousness and lay a good foundation for their future development. Therefore, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' learning creativity in physical education and health teaching from the subject itself.

1. Timely incentives to stimulate innovative awareness.

Stimulating students in time is conducive to activating their creative thinking. In physical education and health teaching, the following incentive measures are generally adopted. One is expectation and encouragement. Exert expectations to motivate students, and students will approach in the direction expected by teachers. If teachers don't make positive comments on students' situation, or even show disappointment, it will lead to the decline of students' learning enthusiasm. Use "I hope you ..." "Don't be afraid, it doesn't matter if you fail." "Come on, you can definitely …" to express the expectations of students, so that they can be encouraged and dispel their ideological concerns. Participate more and practice more, grow in participation and improve in practice. The second is praise and criticism. For poor students, frequent failure under abdominal cavity will make them feel inferior and afraid to practice. Then gradually lose interest in sports. At this time, teachers should be good at discovering their own bright spots. Even when necessary, we should "invent" advantages to praise and affirm them. When they can have their own unique ideas and opinions in practice, they need to be praised and encouraged. This will play a positive role in cultivating students' self-confidence and personality development. On the contrary, for those who have completed exercises with high quality, and for students who are complacent, they need proper criticism and education. Point out the shortcomings of sports in time and inspire them to constantly improve and improve in practice. The third is cooperation and competition. Cultivate students' sense of cooperation and competition through group games and ball games, and stimulate students' sense of innovation through cultivating students' sense of cooperation and competition. For example, students will think about how to make good use of individual resources in the division of labor and cooperation of different roles, so as to better serve the whole and defeat opponents. Then he will consider the integration and reorganization of individuals, which is the emergence of innovative consciousness. If the new method is better than the old one, this is the embodiment of his innovation. Physical education teaching has its unique advantages under competitive conditions, which can effectively activate students' innovative motivation through teachers' organization of teaching. The fourth is success and failure. In the process of cooperation and competition, the winner will certainly be praised and affirmed, and under normal circumstances, he will make persistent efforts; The losers will not be satisfied with this, they will actively think about the methods and strategies to win, and finally achieve the goal of defeating their opponents.

2. Pay attention to curiosity and cultivate observation ability.

Primary and secondary school students have a strong curiosity about new things around them because of the great changes in physiology and psychology during their growth, and often explore and discover things in their own way. Hobbies are generated by curiosity and transformed into a strong thirst for knowledge. Finally, driven by this desire, they keep forging ahead, climb the peak of scientific career and become people who contribute to society. This is the growth footprint of many successful people. In physical education and health teaching, teachers should pay attention to satisfy students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, stimulate their interest in learning and cultivate their creativity. In the process of knowing and understanding the world, students have a natural and strong instinct and need to explore the origin of things. This instinct and need is one of the important foundations for students' creative learning in physical education and health teaching. Only on the basis of observation can students make new discoveries; Only by cultivating the ability to find problems can we have the ability to analyze and solve problems.

3. Emphasize personality development and cultivate thinking ability.

Paying attention to students' individual differences and different needs, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, cultivating students' correct emotions, attitudes and values, and fully developing each student's personality are the "people-oriented" educational concepts in the new curriculum standards. There are many differences between students. Only when teachers know the specific situation of students can they really teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and students can get all-round development and give full play to their personalities. Then make good use of students' respective advantages, cultivate their thinking ability, and let them discover the truth and master the law in the learning process. This is what teachers need to strive to achieve in the teaching process. Learning activity is a cognitive process of "perception-generalization-application" and a complete thinking process. The change from focusing on results to focusing on process embodies the importance of cultivating students' thinking ability. Our teaching process should be a process of revealing the occurrence and development of knowledge. Only in this process can their creativity and good personality be properly developed, students' thinking ability can be trained and their innovation ability can be improved.

It is a long and arduous process to cultivate students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in learning. In order to eliminate the negative effects of traditional sports, our teachers need to do a lot of work. To achieve the curriculum goal and domain goal of physical education and health, we must use new curriculum ideas, new educational ideas and new teaching methods to achieve it. Of course, we can't completely deny the traditional educational ideas and methods, but also inherit and carry forward the good aspects. Only by fully recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of curriculum standards and syllabus can we better implement the curriculum standards of physical education and health.