History of sports development

China is one of the five ancient civilizations in the world. As early as more than a million years ago, when human social activities could barely distinguish between food (gathering, fishing and hunting) and attack and defense (attacking and defending wild animals and others), they developed basic skills such as walking, running, jumping, throwing and floating. Even 40,000 years ago, people used "slungshot rope" in China, and the invention of bowstring arrow 28,000 years ago had a great impact on the development of social productive forces. At that time, as a social phenomenon, sports began to enter the stage of human history in the form of education (in terms of means and content) or embryonic entertainment. As a result, society began to have budding sports. 2) During the Xia, Shang, Zhou and Spring and Autumn Period in China, the slave society lasted for 1600 years. Due to the needs of slave-owner class rule and frequent wars, it stimulated the development of military martial arts and attached importance to the physical training of the army. During the Spring and Autumn Period, many thinkers, politicians and military strategists appeared. Their philosophical thinking, military thinking, educational theory and sports practice all played a great role in promoting sports activities in this period. For example, Sun Wu's immortal military classic The Art of War contains many contents about physical skills and training. In addition to six arts education, Confucius also advocated students' outing and swimming in private schools. He also likes archery, hunting, fishing and mountaineering, and pays attention to health, so he is strong. 3) Particularly noteworthy is the sports in the Han Dynasty. Due to the loose and simple policies of the Han Dynasty, the people were able to recuperate and emerged the rule of political consolidation and economic and cultural development. In addition, in order to repel the invasion of foreign enemies, it is necessary to strengthen armaments and make the people strong and get rid of diseases. These social needs promoted the great development of sports in Han Dynasty on the basis of pre-Qin sports. Due to the solid material foundation in the Han Dynasty, court and folk entertainment and sports activities were rich and colorful. Among them, sports-related events include Jiao Jiao (including wrestling, wrestling) and dancing (dancing). ), swing, dragon dance, lion dance, Gao Jian and other activities. Some activities have developed into competitive sports in later generations, and some are still traditional sports and entertainment activities that people like to see and hear. 4) During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was chaos and division. In terms of sports activities, those activities that can help people keep fit and get rid of diseases in the Han Dynasty, such as Fu Ju, were gradually abandoned by people. But from another angle, it also promotes the development of leisure sports and guides medical care. Such as playing chess, singing and dancing, and the hundred plays advocated by the rulers. 5) In the middle of feudal society, during the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, especially in the Tang Dynasty, from the reign of Li Shimin to the reign of Xuanzong for more than a hundred years, the whole country was unified and the economic, cultural and political development reached its peak. Under this social condition, the development of sports in Sui and Tang Dynasties has experienced unprecedented prosperity. The sports activities in Sui and Tang Dynasties are characterized by a wide range and a large scale, ranging from the imperial court to the civilian military commanders and ordinary people. Furthermore, the improvement of production technology in Sui and Tang Dynasties promoted the improvement of stadiums and equipment. For example, inflatable football and goal appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and the stadium was oiled. 6) In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties at the end of feudal society, sports changed and developed with the changes of society. For example, in the Northern Song Dynasty, following the martial arts system, coupled with Wang Anshi's political reform and advocating rich Qiang Bing, stimulated the development of sports; The invention of movable type printing in Bi Sheng promoted the publication of sports books and materials, and also promoted the exploration, arrangement, research and writing of sports health preservation materials. In the early Qing dynasty, in order to resist the invasion of Russia, the policy of "emphasizing military distance and defending the enemy and the border" was implemented. In the prosperous period of health and work, some measures were taken to promote production economically, and the martial arts system was followed in the examination system. Even the liberal arts exam is riding and shooting first, and those who fail are not allowed to take the written test. The training system is relatively complete, so not only the army is excellent, but also many famous soldiers with high martial arts have emerged among the people. Therefore, during this period, the development of China Wushu reached a new climax. However, after Qianlong, political corruption made the people miserable, and the feudal society in China declined. Especially after the mid-Qing dynasty, a large number of opium was imported, which poisoned people's health. In addition, in order to maintain the rule, the Qing government "banned people from practicing martial arts", which led to the decline of national physique, "weak national strength and weak martial arts", and was humiliated by outsiders as "the sick man of East Asia", and sports also fell into recession. Throughout the history of human sports, we can see that the rise and fall of sports has evolved with the development and changes of society.