Papers on Urban Infrastructure Management

The efficient management of urban infrastructure directly reflects the modern management level of the city, which is not only closely related to the daily life of the masses, but also related to the sustainable development of the whole city. The following is my paper on urban infrastructure management for your reference.

This paper expounds the importance and forerunner of urban infrastructure construction, further analyzes and discusses the good conditions and existing problems of urban infrastructure construction and development under the current situation, and puts forward some methods for optimizing urban infrastructure construction.

Keywords: infrastructure; Urban management; build

This paper expounds the importance of urban infrastructure construction and pilot, and further analyzes the favorable conditions and existing problems of current urban infrastructure construction and development, and puts forward the methods to optimize urban infrastructure construction.

Keywords: infrastructure; Urban management; build

China Library Classification Number: F294 Document Identification Number: A Document Number: 2095-2 104(20 13).

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Urban infrastructure construction is a systematic and complex project. Urban management is a necessary regulatory action taken by the government to ensure the healthy, efficient and orderly progress of urban infrastructure construction and other activities, and it is an indispensable element in building a modern civilized city.

I. Urban Infrastructure Construction

1 Characteristics of urban infrastructure

(1) Urban infrastructure construction is the foundation of urban development.

As an urban infrastructure, it is not only the basic condition to promote the development of urban social and economic undertakings and meet the people's production and life, but also the basis to ensure the safe operation of the city, improve the urban environment, enhance the carrying capacity of the city, increase its capacity and development potential, give full play to its functions and realize the stable and coordinated development of the city. To develop a city, we must first lay a good foundation, adjust measures to local conditions, make scientific predictions, and build urban infrastructure in advance.

(2) Urban infrastructure construction is systematic.

The infrastructure construction of a city is based on the prediction and development goal of the whole city. Its service mode, supply mode and delivery channel are all realized in relevant specific systems. For example, the road network system forms the urban road skeleton, connecting the traffic inside and outside the city; Water, electricity, gas, communication and other pipelines form their own network system to provide services for thousands of households. The systematicness of urban infrastructure construction is one of the important reasons for the monopolistic behavior of some public utilities.

(3) the publicity of urban infrastructure services

Urban infrastructure is an open system, and its products serve the whole society and all citizens, which is a remarkable feature that distinguishes it from other commodities. On the one hand, due to the natural monopoly of infrastructure, the use of its products, especially daily necessities, cannot be transferred by personal will; On the other hand, for the sake of social fairness and stability, the government takes administrative measures to control the prices of some public service products, resulting in some public enterprises manufacturing products at the cost of market economy and selling them at the commodity prices of planned economy, and the input and output of enterprises are out of line.

(4) Sociality of urban infrastructure benefits

The publicity of urban infrastructure determines the sociality of urban infrastructure benefits. Urban infrastructure is mostly public utilities, and the products and services provided must put social benefits in the first place, and the main purpose of providing products and services is to promote urban development and meet the production and living needs of the people. Therefore, the input belongs to the government and the output is enjoyed by the whole society. Therefore, in the whole urban management activities, the problem of input and output must be considered as a whole.

Second, the management of urban infrastructure construction

1 urban infrastructure construction management content

Modern urban infrastructure management not only includes urban power supply management, urban water supply management, urban gas supply management, urban road management, urban disaster management and other broad contents, but also includes urban management concepts in the field of consumer economy to improve economic benefits and meet the needs of citizens, and also involves urban social management including population, public security, mass organizations and social welfare. Modern urban management is a comprehensive management that focuses on urban infrastructure and gives full play to the comprehensive benefits of the city.

2. Functions of urban infrastructure construction management

Urban infrastructure construction management is mainly to realize the gradual withdrawal of the government from the field of infrastructure production, realize the separation of government from enterprise, improve the government's work performance and reduce the government's financial pressure; Introduce market mechanism into infrastructure supply to improve the quality and efficiency of infrastructure supply; We should standardize the disadvantages of market supply infrastructure, overcome the blindness of market supply, and ensure the interests of consumers on the basis of ensuring the efficiency of infrastructure supply.

Third, the status quo of urban infrastructure construction in China

1 urban infrastructure production mode

Choosing the mode of production of infrastructure means choosing the builder of infrastructure, that is, choosing public production or market production. First, the market mode of production. The most prominent advantage of this method is to ensure efficiency. In the absence of market defects, the motivation of profit maximization and the pressure of market competition finally make producers reduce production costs to the lowest level under the existing technical conditions. Second, the public mode of production. For natural monopoly industries, since the market competition mechanism can not play a good role, then government intervention is the second best choice.

2 problems in the construction of urban infrastructure in China

Under the traditional planned economy system, the government monopolized the construction of infrastructure. There are many problems in the management system and operation mechanism of urban infrastructure construction, which affect its benefits.

(1) The market-oriented reform process of the construction management system is slow.

With the diversification of infrastructure investment subjects and sources of funds, the management mode of infrastructure construction has also undergone some market-oriented reforms, but the effect is not ideal.

(2) Urban infrastructure projects have frequent problems.

First, the project investment management is not standardized. It is common for construction units to overestimate the project investment budget, overestimate the project settlement price and use construction funds illegally. Second, the project construction violates the basic construction procedures. Third, the market mechanism has not fully played its role in the project construction.

Four, improve the management of urban infrastructure construction measures

1 Correct the deviation in thinking and understanding

Because the urban infrastructure belongs to? Public property? . Therefore, the government must play a leading role in optimizing the construction of urban infrastructure in China. However, under the current circumstances, it is not enough for the government to intervene, and the construction and operation of infrastructure must also be market-oriented. Therefore, we must first correct the ideological deviation. Correctly handle the relationship between government and market.

2. Formulate and implement reasonable planning and development plans.

The planning scheme of urban infrastructure development should be considered from many angles, not only to meet the needs of urban life and production, but also to meet the economic and cultural characteristics of the city. In the specific planning scheme, it is necessary to clearly mark the infrastructure industries that our city should focus on developing and increasing its support at present and in the future. For example, transportation, electricity, communication and environmental protection should all be planned. In the planning scheme, it is also necessary to clearly state the project progress and planned investment amount to be achieved in each stage of the plan (such as one year), including the sources and channels of funds. In addition, in the planning and design of urban infrastructure construction, special attention should be paid to the planning and design of urban central areas and important nodes, which requires government departments to pay attention to strengthening the training of planning and design talents. Only by strictly implementing the reasonable urban infrastructure construction planning scheme can we organize and implement all the work in an orderly manner according to the plan. Finally, ensure the steady and rapid development of urban infrastructure construction.

3. Improve the management level of urban infrastructure construction.

First of all, we should give full play to the supervision and management functions of the government. As the main investor in infrastructure construction, the government must establish a set of perfect supervision mechanism. And through perfecting relevant laws and regulations and introducing technical quality standards, we can ensure the control of engineering quality. In the overall management of investment funds, we should always adhere to the principle that the use of funds obeys the planning scheme of infrastructure construction, and at the same time adhere to the unity of fund management and business management. Avoid appearing, planning and fund management are out of touch, so that funds are scattered in various departments of infrastructure construction. Only in this way can we urge the enterprises and units involved in the construction to rationally use the construction funds under the pressure of detailed responsibilities, reduce waste, and avoid vicious incidents that threaten the personal and property safety of the broad masses of people because of unqualified project quality problems. Secondly, we should use modern management means and methods to improve work efficiency. For example, we can establish an integrated network system of urban infrastructure services, strengthen the cooperative relationship between management departments in cyberspace, integrate information resources, form information sharing, and improve work efficiency. In addition, according to the actual situation, a set of reasonable and complete assessment system for infrastructure construction management and maintenance should be formulated. There are rewards and punishments, clear the relevant responsible departments and individuals, truly solve problems quickly, enhance the awareness of management services, and fundamentally improve work efficiency.

Concluding remarks

Urban infrastructure is the foundation of urban survival and development, and it is the decisive factor to produce urban agglomeration effect. Although since the reform and opening up, China's urban infrastructure construction has developed rapidly and the level of facilities has been greatly improved. However, in the process of government providing urban infrastructure, there are still a lot of uneconomical phenomena, which seriously affect the performance of public finance funds. Measures to further improve urban infrastructure construction are of great significance to urban development and the financial benefits of public funds.

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Urban infrastructure management Fan Wener: Risk management analysis of BOT financing of urban infrastructure projects: The basic material guarantee of urbanization development is urban infrastructure, which is an important symbol of residents' quality of life, economic development and urban comprehensive competitiveness. In China, the financing of urban infrastructure construction projects is mainly based on financial allocation and bank loans, and other financing methods coexist. However, we find that the narrow financing channels, low operational efficiency and low technical level of operation and management are many difficulties faced by the government. With the acceleration of the accumulation of private capital, how to encourage, promote and improve other capital to join urban infrastructure projects has become a top priority. In order to change this situation, BOT, ABS, PPP and other financing modes have been widely used in infrastructure construction projects in China.

I. Project financing and BOT financing

Project financing appeared in 1960s and 1970s. As an important way of capital operation, it was widely used, especially in infrastructure projects. Such as roads, bridges, power plants, ports, airports, urban water supply and drainage, etc. Project financing guarantees the repayment of debts (such as bank loans) based on the expected cash flow and total income of the project, that is, the net cash flow that can be used to repay debts in the future and the asset value of the project itself.

BOT financing is the Build-opera of English? Short for transfer. Its meaning is that a sponsor (non-state-owned department) obtains the franchise from the client (usually the government), and then sets up a project company to engage in the operation of the project, and obtains profits to recover the financing cost and obtain reasonable income; After the concession period, the project will be transferred to the customer free of charge. Since 1995, China has carried out the trial operation and related promotion of BOT mode, and BOT financing mode has gradually attracted attention. This new financing mode, which is different from the previous one, is helpful to promote private capital to invest more in China's infrastructure construction, and to bear certain risks and get corresponding returns during the whole project cycle.

Second, the influencing factors of BOT financing of urban infrastructure projects

Many external factors have a great influence on BOT financing of urban infrastructure projects, mainly in the following aspects:

1. Policies and regulations

With the formulation and promulgation of many investment-related laws and regulations in China, a certain investment legal environment in line with international practice has been established. At present, most of the normative documents related to BOT project financing are internal notifications, which are low in transparency and authority, and the regulations of various departments conflict with each other or are inconsistent with the Company Law and other relevant laws, resulting in poor operability in the actual operation process.

2. Government behavior and credit

Objectively speaking, the government lacks experience in BOT management, and there are many phenomena such as multi-head policy, management vacuum, and overlapping functions and powers. For example, the relevant procedures such as project approval, planning permission and land approval are the same as those of ordinary projects, which leads to time-consuming and laborious work, and ultimately leads to difficulties in implementing external construction conditions and project financing. At the same time, government credit risk is also a core issue in BOT project financing.

3. Investment environment and its own strength

Attracting investors' investment must have a stable political environment, and a good economic development trend also has a decisive impact on BOT project financing to attract investment. The enterprise itself must have the scale and financial ability matching the BOT project, so as to provide sufficient financial guarantee for the project and improve the financing success rate. At the same time, enterprises are required to have rich project experience and strong management ability.

Third, the risk management of BOT financing

1. Risk identification

The basis of risk management process is risk identification. On the basis of data collection and investigation, various methods are used to comprehensively identify and systematically classify various risks that exist objectively and potential risks that have not yet occurred. From the perspective of enterprises, the risk identification of BOT financing of infrastructure construction projects should include political and unforeseen risks, economic risks, construction risks and operational risks.

2. Risk assessment

Risk assessment is to measure the influence and degree of various risks on the realization of project objectives on the basis of risk identification. Through the qualitative analysis of risks, the risks are sorted and the priority of risk response is established; Quantitative risk analysis comprehensively analyzes the ranked risks and evaluates the probability of risk occurrence and its impact on the project results.

3. Risk response

Risk response refers to taking corresponding preventive measures according to the nature of risks and the risk tolerance of decision makers on the basis of determining the risks existing in decision makers' business activities and analyzing the risk probability and its influence degree, so as to avoid, undertake, reduce or share risks. As far as BOT financing is concerned, avoid foreseeable risks in evaluating feasibility and franchise contracts; Accept risks by designing a reasonable combination of tools; Take targeted measures to reduce the probability of risks and the degree of economic losses; Share the risk by buying insurance.

4. Risk monitoring

Risk monitoring refers to the whole process in which decision makers monitor the development and changes of risks in the course of operation and adjust their coping strategies as needed. In the implementation process, risk planning, monitoring, information feedback, identification and estimation, rectification and adjustment are carried out according to the specific implementation situation, and the expected goal is finally achieved. In the process of risk monitoring, risk is comprehensively managed through risk management plan, risk response plan, actual risk development and changes and resources that can be used for risk control. Finally, the risk monitoring objectives such as identifying risks as soon as possible, avoiding risk events, eliminating negative consequences of risks, and learning from experiences and lessons will be achieved.

Four. conclusion

Urban infrastructure construction is an important means to serve social and economic development and promote the urbanization process in China. In the case of shortage of funds, many countries think that BOT financing mode is an ideal financing mode for urban infrastructure construction, and its application in China is also suitable for the current national conditions. BOT financing can solve the problem of excessive one-time financial investment for the government in a short time, and to some extent alleviate the problems of excessive project investment and long construction period. In practice, it is necessary to scientifically analyze the influence of various factors on BOT financing of urban infrastructure projects, so as to make risk management practical, risk identification concrete, risk response digital and risk monitoring normal. In the construction of urban infrastructure, it is necessary to define the degree of risk and the specific way of undertaking by means of contract, and take the supporting documents such as project contract, financing contract and guarantee contract as the means and methods of risk management in the whole cycle of project construction, and make reasonable planning and close connection, so as to minimize the risk finally.

References:

[1] Cai. Comparative Analysis of BOT, PPP and ABS [J]. Financial Accounting.2001(1)