Suzhou tradition

Suzhou folk art has a long history and occupies a certain position in the history of China folk art. In the early 1980s, the Municipal Folk Art Research Association (now the Folk Art Branch of the Municipal Association of Folk Writers and Artists) was first established in the province, which united the vast number of folk artists. They often got together to discuss and promote Wu culture, carry out technical exchanges, and constantly innovate and improve the artistic level, thus bringing Suzhou folk art to a new level.

There are many kinds of folk art in Suzhou. There are thousands of varieties, including silk reeling, embroidery, jade carving, wood carving, tooth carving, nuclear carving, porcelain carving, bamboo carving, paper cutting, clay sculpture, straw weaving, lanterns, nine rings, folk pendants and so on. It's really dazzling and colorful. There are both antique traditional artworks and innovative handicrafts that keep pace with the times. "Nine-link" is an ancient folk art, which was produced as early as two thousand years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became more popular in the Qing Dynasty. Now, the nine-ring chain has been renovated into various forms, including tower ring, bell ring, room ring, "A, B and C rings" that meet the requirements of foreign tourists, and dozens of kinds of collars. Cheng Ni is produced in Cang Shu Town, and its Cheng Ni inkstone has a long-standing reputation and is one of the famous inkstones in China. After the reform and opening up, the stone carving artists there emancipated their minds and dared to innovate. After careful carving, they presented the beautiful and exquisite stone pot in front of them, which made people fondle it. Now the clay pot has become a treasure in folk art, welcomed by the public and favored by collectors.

In recent years, driven by excellent Wu culture and market economy, Suzhou folk artists have gone to the market, out of Suzhou and into the world. They have been exhibited not only in this city and this province, but also in other provinces and cities. Many folk artists even went abroad. They brought embroidery, stone pots, paper-cuts and folk pendants to Australia, Thailand and Singapore for exhibition. Some of them were also invited to participate in the China Cultural Festival held in the United States, and displayed their art on the spot, which was welcomed by the local people.

Suzhou folk art has the connotation of Wu culture, which is characterized by exquisiteness, delicacy and beauty. It is unique in folk art, and exhibitions and demonstrations everywhere will be welcomed by the masses and praised by experts. At several China International Folk Art Expositions held in Beijing, the Municipal Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Municipal Association of Folk Writers and Artists organized some artists to participate in the exhibition, and there was always a sea of people competing to watch the exhibits. After expert selection, many works won awards. Such as Shu Embroidery, Cai's Stone Pot, Ruan Heping's Wisdom Ring, Yuan's Banpen, etc., have all won the highest awards of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles-Gold Award, Silver Award and Excellence Award. In the history of folk art in Suzhou, a brilliant chapter has been added. Suzhou folk art fully demonstrates the intelligence and wisdom of Suzhou folk artists and Wu's cultural style.

Traditional plan:

Suzhou Tanci

Suzhou Tanci is a storytelling form of "short story" performed in Suzhou dialect in the form of rap alternation. It originated and was popular in Wu dialect areas such as southeastern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and Shanghai with Suzhou as the center, and was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. As Suzhou Pinghua and Suzhou Pinghua belong to the storytelling industry, there was once the same guild organization, which was habitually called Suzhou Pingtan by the people.

The performance of Suzhou Tanci usually focuses on speaking with singing in the middle. When singing, it is often accompanied by sanxian or pipa, and when speaking, it can also be used as props to clap your hands and gather gas. The qupai used in singing is a banqiang storytelling song, the so-called "book tune". Because many musical genres have been formed in the circulation, "book tune" is also called "tone". Most of the early performances were three-string rap by a male artist, and later there were two-person "double-file" and three-person "third-file" performances.

Suzhou Tanci has a profound artistic tradition and developed skills. Pay attention to "rap" "Say" refers to narration; "Jue" means "putting Jue", which means making people laugh; "Playing" refers to the accompaniment of Sanxian or Pipa, which can not only play but also sing, and also accompany and contrast each other; "Singing" means singing. Among them, the means of "saying" are very rich, including narration, endorsement, explanation, discussion and so on. In the long-term rap performance, artists have formed different expression techniques and skills, such as official confession, private confession, confession, contrast and support, which can not only express the characters' ideological activities, inner monologues and dialogues, but also describe, explain and comment in the tone of storytellers. Artists also learn Bai Ke techniques such as Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera, and use voice changes, body movements and facial expressions to "express in words", express feelings and shape characters. In the aesthetic pursuit, Suzhou Tanci emphasizes "reason, taste, interest and cleverness". "The manager, through also. People who have a taste are also resisted by thoughts. I'm relieved if it's interesting. Very good, very elegant. Skilled people, time is also. "

There are dozens of traditional representative programs, such as San Xiao, Biography of Wopao, Description of golden phoenix, Biography of White Snake, Jade Dragonfly and Pearl Tower. Early famous artists included Wang, Chen Yugan, Mao Changpei, Yu Xiushan, Lu Ruiting, Yao, Zhao Xiangzhou and Wang Shiquan. A large number of actresses appeared in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Since 1930s, with the rise of radio, Suzhou Tanci has entered its heyday, with rich programs and diverse genres. According to the musical style of singing, there are Shen (Jian 'an) tune, Xue (Xiaoqing) tune, Wei (Yuqing) tune, Xia (harmony) tune and Zhou (Yuquan) tune.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the art of Suzhou Tanci has made a leap in art through the conscious reform and innovation of artists. New programs are constantly emerging, such as White-Haired Girl, Biography of Heroes of New Children, Li Chuangwang, Song of Youth, Bitter Cabbage Flower, Hongyan, Wildfire Beats Ancient City, Red Seed, Jiangnan Red, Seizing India, Li Shuangshuang and so on. As well as novellas and independent performances.

However, since the end of the 20th century, the audience of Suzhou Tanci has dropped sharply, bookstores have shrunk, artists have lost a lot, and their survival and development are facing a crisis, and they are in urgent need of help and support.

Folk arts and crafts:

Suzhou, as a famous historical and cultural city and a scenic tourist city, has a profound cultural heritage and rich folk craft resources. Suzhou embroidery, fan, jade carving, silk reeling, woodcut New Year pictures, small pieces of mahogany, costumes, national musical instruments, etc. It is unique in China traditional culture and occupies a certain position in the whole country. Many of the handicrafts exhibited in the Palace Museum today are marked as produced in Suzhou. According to statistics, among the existing 24 kinds of ethnic and folk crafts, 22 kinds have been preserved in Suzhou, which is rare in China. The people of Suzhou are proud of this, and the city also shows its unique artistic charm and unique cultural taste. It can be said that strengthening the protection and research of Suzhou folk arts and crafts is not only the inheritance and development of national folk culture, but also an important measure to realize a strong cultural city and create a "cultural Suzhou". From the perspective of economic development, revitalizing folk arts and crafts and cultivating service industries with strong local characteristics have great development potential. Based on traditional culture, it is of great practical significance to explore folk resources, vigorously develop folk crafts, improve the tourism environment, enhance the cultural atmosphere, and promote the synchronous development of tourism and local economy, which is also the historical responsibility entrusted to us by the times.

Cultural characteristics:

First, landscape culture.

"Landscape culture" can be called the epitome of Suzhou culture. Mountains and rivers, lakes, farmland, swamps, rivers and four distinct seasons constitute the natural system of Suzhou, and also form the harmonious lifestyle and values of Suzhou people. Suzhou not only has citizens, farmers, fishermen, boat people and mountain people, but also used to be the mainstream group of Suzhou natives. The reason why Suzhou can have such an "idyllic poet" as Fan Chengda, the reason why Suzhou can produce the unique "Ming Sijia" of China's landscape painting and the "King of the Four Qing Dynasties" that has influenced so far, and the reason why Suzhou has the elegance in its bones and the exquisiteness immersed in food, clothing, housing and transportation all reflect the specific background and origin of this "one side of water and soil". Therefore, in the historical records of Suzhou local chronicles and the voluminous poems and travels of the ancients, "the victory of mountains and rivers" has always been the most dominant.

Second, the garden culture

"Suzhou gardens are the best in the world", and its gardening ideas and art have become an indispensable part of human culture. "Although it is man-made, it creates the world", and the "Moshan flooding" highlighted by Suzhou gardens is actually closely related to the unique natural landscape at hand. The embodiment of the strong literati atmosphere in Suzhou gardens lies precisely in the participation and design of literati (especially painters) in the process of gardening. Therefore, the design concept of Suzhou gardens and the principles and techniques of Chinese painting have always been in the same strain. Suzhou gardens create and form a high degree of harmony between "true mountains and true waters" and "rockery and false waters", which enriches people's interest and artistic conception of knowing, being close to and respecting nature. Chen Congzhou said: "rockery is really wonderful, rockery is strange", which not only shows the beauty of Suzhou landscape gardens, but also the true meaning of Suzhou garden culture.

Third, architectural culture.

Suzhou's architectural thought and art have at least three outstanding achievements: First, architectural planning. The so-called "small bridge flowing water" is actually the layout planning of ancient buildings, including the formation and self-contained system of Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Mudu and other water towns, which is also the concrete embodiment of Suzhou's ancient building planning thought; Second, architectural design, represented by Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the Forbidden City in Ming Dynasty and the Buddhist scripture building in Kaiyuan Temple in Suzhou, also includes the residential architectural style of "white walls and tiles" and "deep courtyard", which has created the immortal reputation of Kuaixianghe as "Xiangshan craftsman"; Third, the unique style and exquisite craftsmanship of building components, including wood carving, brick carving, stone carving and the famous "golden brick". Therefore, "Suzhou" is a highlight in the architectural culture system of China and even the world.

Fourth, craft culture.

Suzhou has a wide variety of arts and crafts, and is famous at home and abroad for its wonderful workmanship. Among them, Suzhou embroidery, silk reeling, Suzhou mounting, jade carving, fans, Taohuawu woodcut New Year pictures, lanterns, clay sculptures, bamboo and grass weaving, mahogany carving, antiques, costumes, national musical instruments and so on. , but also famous for its characteristics and brand. Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou became the largest handicraft production and trading center at that time, with official and private craft workshops all over the city. A cultural history of arts and crafts in China is absolutely inseparable from the source and prosperity of Suzhou.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) folk culture

Folk customs are both national and regional. The most striking feature of Suzhou folk custom is its distinctive and unique regional characteristics. Especially in seasons, solar terms, sightseeing, taboos, sacrifices, costumes, folk arts, dialects, folk songs, utensils and other aspects, it shows a strong local customs. Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who is known as "Wei Suzhou", praised Suzhou's "vulgarity and noise". A "Jia Qinglu" is a "local custom in the era of local chronicles leaders"; As a world cultural heritage, Kunqu Opera shows the extraordinary cultural foundation and social value of Suzhou folk customs.

Six, food culture

"Food culture" has actually evolved into a very broad concept at present. But in any case, its core should be "food". In this sense, Suzhou's "gourmet culture" may really be the most classic. "Subang Cuisine" is one of the eight major cuisines in China, which is characterized by freshness, lightness and emphasis on original flavor. The reason why Lu's Gourmet is popular is that readers are surprised and interested in the delicacy and process of Suzhou people's diet. In daily life, Suzhou people pay attention to the principle and harshness of seasonal vegetables and food, which is probably unique in the country. Suzhou people are actually born with "green gourmets", so they should also be the most scientific "gourmets".

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Seven, home culture

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"Home" seems to be a fashionable concept, but it is definitely a long-standing cultural tradition in Suzhou. In the concept of classical furniture, "Soviet furniture" is synonymous with the famous "Ming furniture" at home and abroad. Beijing style, Cantonese style, Golden style and qing dynasty furniture on this basis are actually the inheritance and development of "Soviet-style furniture". And "furniture" is undoubtedly an extremely important content in "family culture". Among the traditional home concepts in Suzhou, the so-called "green home" and "ecological home" which are popular at present were also popular and dominant in Suzhou. As for Wan Wen, furnishings, bonsai, flowers, etc. This is what home must involve. It can be said that it is rich in content and complete in system. Even today, it's hard to beat it.

Places of interest:

The North Temple Tower is in the north of Xianghua Bridge on Renmin Road in Suzhou. The legend of the temple was founded in Wu Chiwu (238-25 1), and the tower was built in the Liang Dynasty. The existing building is the ruins of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1131-1/62). The tower is 76 meters high, with eight sides and nine floors, and is a pavilion-style brick-wood structure. The whole tower is magnificent in shape, which is the highest among all the towers in Suzhou and has the reputation of "the first in the south of the Yangtze River".

Humble Administrator's Garden is located in Loumen, Suzhou. It is one of the four famous gardens in Suzhou and one of the four famous gardens in China. Originally the residence of Lu Guimeng, a poet in Tang Dynasty, it was Dahong Temple in Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty (1506- 152 1), Wang resigned and returned to his hometown, bought temple property, converted it into a house garden, and borrowed "Irrigation of vegetable gardens, vegetables ... This is also the administration of a minister" from Pan Yue's "Fu of Retirement" in the Jin Dynasty.

1860- 1863 was once a part of the Loyalty Palace in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. When it was first built, it was very big. In addition to the main residence, there are 365,438+0 scenic spots in the park, including the current East Garden ("Returning to the Garden" in the late Ming Dynasty), the West Garden ("Supplementing the Garden" in the late Qing Dynasty) and a large area of land outside the North Wall. Now the park covers an area of more than 60 mu. This park is dominated by water, which accounts for about three-fifths of the water surface, and many buildings are near the water. The whole park is divided into three parts: middle, east and west. The layout adopts the methods of dividing space, utilizing nature, contrasting scenery, etc., creating scenery according to the place and moving with the steps, becoming a typical Jiangnan characteristic garden.

The Loyalty Palace of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is located in the northeast street of Loumen, Suzhou. On April 23rd (1June 2nd, 860), after the Taiping Army conquered Suzhou, it rebuilt the foundation of Humble Administrator's Garden. At that time, with Suzhou as the center, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom once established Sufu Province in most parts of southern Jiangsu, and Zhongyi Palace was the capital of Sufu Province. After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, he served as the governor of Jiangsu, Li Hongzhang. The scale of Zhongwangfu is the most magnificent in the middle road, including two doors, main hall, back porch, back hall and other buildings. East Road and West Road were built around the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The last part of the palace is the garden, which was also carefully designed and built by many famous craftsmen on the basis of the old Humble Administrator's Garden. Zhongyi Palace is the representative former site of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Palace in China.

Lion Forest is on Garden Road in Suzhou. One of the four famous gardens in Suzhou. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1342), Buddhist monk Zen master built Bodhi Zhenjing Temple in memory of his master Zen master, and later renamed it Shilin Temple. In the 12th year of Qingganlong (1747), it was renamed Huachan Temple. Lion Forest is the garden behind the temple. Because there are strange stones such as lions in the garden, and because Zen master Zhongfeng once built a lion mountain in Tianmu Mountain, he took the meaning of "Leo" in Buddhist scriptures, hence the name. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been repeatedly renovated and abandoned, and later became the private garden of Bayes. 19 18- 1926 reconstruction, and it has become what it is now. It is famous for its rockery, with caves and valleys winding and winding, as if in a maze. The layout of the whole park is mountainous in the southeast and watery in the northwest. Around the wall of the gallery, there are more than 60 stone carvings such as Listening to the Rain, engraved with the calligraphy of four famous artists in the Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Wen Yuxiang's Plum Blossom Poems are particularly eye-catching.

Wanshou Palace is located in Zhi Min Road, Suzhou. In the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (17 17), Governor Wu presided over the establishment. Long live the emperor's birthday card in the palace. Every time the emperor celebrates his birthday, officials from all over the city will gather here to hold a ceremony to congratulate him. Usually used as a place to greet the emperor's letters; In case the emperor dies, a god will be worshipped here. The tenth year of Xianfeng (1860) was destroyed, and the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870) was rebuilt by Governor Ding Richang. After the Revolution of 1911, commonly known as the Old Palace, it declined due to disrepair. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was renovated and once converted into the People's Cultural Palace. It is a relatively complete palace-style building complex in Suzhou.

Art Garden is located in Wen Ya Lane, Suzhou. Yuan Zukang was founded in the Ming Dynasty, and later returned to Wen (his great-grandson) and changed his name to drugstore. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it was returned to Jiang, renamed the Art Garden, also known as Jingting Mountain Building. Later, it was the seat of the seventh chamber of commerce of the silk and satin industry. The park is centered on the pool, with buildings in the north and rockeries in the south. The landscape is cheerful and natural, and the mountains are quite interesting, retaining the pattern of gardens in the Ming Dynasty.

The Twin Towers are in Dinghuisi Lane, Suzhou. Built by two brothers Wen Han in this county, there is a stupa and a merit stupa, both of which are identical in structure and size. The Twin Towers are built of bricks, and their appearance imitates the form of wood structure. Plane equilateral octagon, ***7 layers. According to research, the Twin Towers were founded in the seventh year of Taiping and Xingguo in the Northern Song Dynasty (982) and built in Yongxi (984-987).

Luohanyuan site is located in Dinghuisi Lane, Suzhou. Founded in the second year of Tang Xiantong (86 1). In the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty (982), a pair of brick towers were built. In the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1860), the temple was destroyed by war, leaving only the ruins of the Twin Towers and the main hall. The main hall site is located in the north of the Twin Towers, and there are dozens of remains such as stone pillars, stone foundations, residual statues of stone arhats and inscriptions. Among them, the stone pillars and stone foundations in the Northern Song Dynasty are the most precious, and the peony boy and lotus boy are embossed all over the body, which are beautifully carved. The stone pillars and foundations of the Ming Dynasty are also exquisite.

Jin Quan Hall is located in Zhang Jiaxiang, Pingjiang Road, Suzhou. The establishment of Shanxi businessmen to the Soviet Union in the late Qing Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 100 guildhall and offices in Suzhou, and Jin Quan Guildhall is a typical one preserved to this day. The layout is neat, and there are things that advocate pavilions along the street. The second stage is the theater, which consists of a stage and an east-west watchtower. The stage faces north and faces the sky on three sides. The center of the top is a wooden spiral corrugated dome caisson, commonly known as the chicken hood roof, which is ingenious and exquisite. It is the most exquisite classical dance platform in Suzhou. Opposite the stage, there used to be a magnificent hall, which was later destroyed by fire. There are still halls and guest rooms on the east and west wings.

Kuanggong Temple is located in Meixi Lane, Suzhou. It is a shrine dedicated to Kuang Zhong, the magistrate of Suzhou in Ming Dynasty. Kuang Zhong (1383- 1443) was born in Jing 'an, Jiangxi. 13 years in Suzhou, law enforcement is like a mountain, diligent in being an official, honest and clean. In the winter of the seventh year of orthodoxy (1443), he died in Suzhou as the magistrate. Suzhou gentry and people built a cenotaph for him and built a special shrine in the official school to show their respect.

Canglang Pavilion is near the south of Suzhou and Sanyuanfang. One of the four famous gardens in Suzhou is one of the oldest existing ancient gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. It is said to be the villa of Sun Chengyou, the envoy of Wu County in wuyue. During the Qing Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty (104 1- 1048), the poet Su Shunqin bought a villa and built a pavilion by the water. The main reason for the garden is that the fisherman named the song Canglang Pavilion and wrote Canglang Pavilion. There are always ups and downs. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Han Shizhong was turned into a residence, which was greatly expanded. Gardens in Yuan Dynasty were abandoned and changed into monasteries. Canglang Pavilion was rebuilt in Ming Dynasty and recorded by Gui Youguang. During the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1662- 1722), this layout was the main foundation of the existing pavilions. It is characterized by becoming a landscape before entering the garden. Cross this bridge to get into the park. The park covers an area of about 16 mu.

Keyuan is near Suzhou Medical College in front of Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou. Part of Canglangting Site in the Song Dynasty. It was built in the thirty-second year of Qing Qianlong (1767) and rebuilt in Liang Zhangju in the late Qing Dynasty. Later, it was changed to learn the ancient hall, and then to save the ancient school, which was located in the earliest provincial library. There is a pool of clear water in the garden, surrounded by small buildings, lush flowers and trees, and winding corridors.

Chenghuang Temple is located in Jingde Road, Suzhou City. The Imperial Temple of Fucheng was originally located in the southwest corner of Zicheng (now the stadium and park in the city), and was destroyed by soldiers at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), Suzhou City God Temple was built on the abandoned foundation of Yongxi Temple, which is the creation of today's City God Temple. The original scale of Jackie Chan Temple is very large, and the only existing one is the main building I-shaped hall. Both the front and rear halls rest on a single eaves, and the middle hall runs through the road. The plane is I-shaped, hence the name. This is a relatively complete and representative Ming Dynasty building in Suzhou. The outer wall of the back hall is embedded with the monument of "Suzhou River with three horizontal lines and four straight lines" in the second year of Jiaqing (1797), which is engraved with the rivers, bridges, city walls and main buildings in Suzhou at that time, and is a precious material for studying the construction of ancient cities.

Huanxiu Mountain Villa is located in Jingde Road, Suzhou. It used to be the former site of Jinguyuan Garden, the King of Guangling in the Five Dynasties. It was called Jingde Temple in the Song Dynasty, the residence of the Prime Minister in the Ming Dynasty, and a part of Wang's "Gengyin Villa" in the Qing Dynasty, with the title Huanxiu Villa. During the Qianlong period (1736- 1795), the rockery stacked by the famous Dieshan artist Ge Zaiyuan was well preserved, making it the first rockery in Suzhou Hushi. Although the garden area is not large (1 mu), the rockery stands tall. A pool of clear water hovers under the mountain peak. The whole mountain is lifelike in shape and tight in structure. Although the rockery is only half an acre, it has a path of more than 60 meters, hovering and undulating.

The beamless hall of Kaiyuan Temple is located in Panmen East Street, Suzhou, north of Ruiguang Temple Tower. Kaiyuan Temple was founded in the Wu Chiwu period of the Three Kingdoms (238-25 1). It is one of the famous Buddhist temples in Suzhou history. The temple was destroyed in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1860). The temple was built in the 46th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 18), and it is a beamless building made of fine bricks. Formerly known as the Tibetan Scripture Building, it is pavilion-style, with two floors up and down, seven rooms wide, glazed tile roof and double eaves resting on the back hill. Together with the nearby Panmen and Ruiguang Tower, it is the third famous building in the southwest corner of Suzhou.

Rui Yunfeng is on the campus of Suzhou No.10 Middle School. It is a relic of the Flower Stone Class in the Northern Song Dynasty and one of the famous peaks of Hulin in Jiangnan gardens. According to records, Zhu Mian collected two strange stones in Mangshan, Taihu Lake, and named them Yamatoya. Daxiegu was first transported to Genyue, but if it failed to set sail, Zhu Mian was defeated and abandoned in the wilderness. It was purchased by Dong Shi in Wucheng (now Huzhou) in the Ming Dynasty. Dong Shi married the Xu family in Tangxia, Changmen, Suzhou, taking this stone as a gift. Xu's residence in the East Park (now Liuyuan) of Banbian Street was renamed Rui Yunfeng. In the forty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong (1779), he moved to Xigong, Weaving Institute, and has been there ever since. Rui Yunfeng is more than 3 feet high and stands in the middle of the pool. The whole stone is beautiful and exquisite, with many folds and holes connected by vortex holes. It has the characteristics of thinness, leakage and permeability in Mi Fei's stone theory, and it is a must among lake stones.

Lotus Garden is in Xiaoxinqiao Lane, Suzhou. Because every family has a garden, it is named. The East Garden was originally built by Jin Lu in the early Qing Dynasty, and its name is related to gardens. Later it was Zhu Shi Villa, and it was owned by Shen Bingcheng in the late Qing Dynasty. Shen hired Gu Yun, the painter, to preside over the present situation. The east garden is centered on the mountain pond, and there are double eaves halls and Chengle Caotang in the north. There is a cross-water pavilion in the south, called the landscape room; In the southeast corner, there is a small building with an ancient city wall across the inner city river, called Tingling Building. Yellowstone is piled up on the rockery. The West Garden is relatively small, centering on the "weaving curtain old house" in the study. Courtyard before and after the study, there are cloisters, flowers and trees mixed, with lake stones in between.

Crane Garden is in Hanjia Lane, Suzhou City. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1907), the crack pavilion was founded, which was named after Yu Yue's "Sheikh Caotang". Later, it belonged to Wujiang Ponzi and Yan. The whole park is centered on the pool, surrounded by buildings, rocks and flowers, covering an area of nearly 2 mu.

Master Wang Garden * is located in Shiquan Street, Fengmen, Suzhou. Originally the former site of Shiwan Juantang in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was named "Fishing for Seclusion" and was later abandoned. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (1736- 1795), it was rebuilt by Song Zongyuan. With the intention of "fishing in seclusion", it is called Master Wang Garden because it compares itself to a fisherman. This garden building covers a small area (about 7.5 mu), but it maintains a complete old aristocratic family residential group. The combination of residence and garden runs through. The garden is located in the west of the house. The central part takes the pool as the center, and flowers, trees, rocks and buildings constitute the main attractions. Although the pool area is only half an acre, it is properly managed. The layout of the park, pavilions and pools set each other off in interest, and the Uchikoji runs through everywhere.

The former site of the weaving department is located in Shiqiao East (now Suzhou No.10 Middle School) in the gate of Suzhou. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a weaving bureau here. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), the general weaving bureau was established. In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), it was changed to Suzhou weaving yamen. In the 23rd year of Kangxi, the Weaving Department built a palace in the west, where Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong stayed during their southern tour. The weaving department manages machine users and collects machine taxes, and sets up its own machine room for weaving, which is large in scale.

Panmen is in the southwest corner of Suzhou City. It was built in the first year of He Lv, King of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period (5 14 BC), when Wu Zixu was building a city. Facing southeast. Formerly known as Panmen, the door was engraved with a dragon, and later renamed Panmen because of the twists and turns of land and water. Although it has undergone replacement, repair and reconstruction, its status has remained basically unchanged. The existing city gate was rebuilt in the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (135 1 year), with land and water juxtaposed. The Grand Canal outside the city passes through the city, and Wumen Bridge flies over the river, which is magnificent. Panmen is a relatively complete ancient city site in Suzhou, with land and water gates coexisting, which is unique in China.

Panmen sluice

Wumen Bridge is in the south of Suzhou, across the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. It is the main land passage in and out of Panmen. It was built in the seventh year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1084) and was later destroyed. It was rebuilt during the Shaoding period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1228- 1233) and renamed today. During the Ming Dynasty (1436- 1449), Kuang Zhong, the magistrate of Suzhou, was rebuilt and later destroyed. In the 11th year of Tongzhi (1872), Jiangsu Provincial Water Conservancy Bureau was rebuilt. Wumen Bridge is an interlocking single-hole stone bridge made of granite. The bridge is 66.3 meters long, 4.8 meters wide, with a span of 16 meters and a height of 9.85 meters. It is the highest single-hole stone bridge in Jiangsu Province. There are 50 stone steps on the north and south slopes. The left and right wings of the King Kong Wall at the north end are covered with holding paths with a width of about 0.6 meters, which is a convenient facility for holding husbands aboard and crossing bridge opening. This bridge is tall and majestic, and it is integrated with the nearby Ruiguang Tower and Panmen Tower. It is an important cultural relic in the south of Suzhou.

Ruiguang Mansion * is located in Panmen, Suzhou. Sun Quan, whose original name was Fusaiji, was built by monks in Kangju country (present-day Central Asia) in the fourth year of Wu Chiwu in the Three Kingdoms (24 1). 13-story pagoda was built in the tenth year of Chiwu, and was named Tianning Wannian Pagoda in the Song Dynasty. When it was rebuilt, it was changed to level 7 and renamed Ruiguang Tower. Eight sides, brick and wood mixed structure, like a pavilion. This tower is about 43 meters high and has a beautiful outline. 1978 precious cultural relics, such as the Five Dynasties Scriptures and the architecture of Zhu Zhen site in the Northern Song Dynasty, were found in the tower heart, which proved that the existing tower was built in the Northern Song Dynasty (1008-1kloc-0/6).

Real jewelry building wooden letter-height 124 cm, Ruiguang Temple. 1978 In the tower center on the third floor of Suzhou Ruiguang Temple Tower, a real pearl relic building was discovered in the sixth year of Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 10 13), with a height of 122.6 cm. It was made of wood and carved lacquer, and the top of the crystal treasure was decorated with gold and silver thread beads.

Real jewelry building-height 122.6 cm, Ruiguang Temple.

Liuyuan is outside Nagato, Suzhou. Suzhou is one of the four classical gardens in China and one of the four famous gardens in China. Founded in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566), it is the private garden of Taifu Xu Shitai, and is called the East Garden. In the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1798), Hanbi Villa was built on the old site of Dongyuan, so it was also called Liuyuan because its owner was surnamed Liu. Liu and Liu are homophonic, later called Liu Yuan. Covering an area of more than 50 mu, it is divided into four parts: east, west, middle and north. The middle is dominated by mountains and rivers, and the pool is located in the middle. Surrounded by rockeries and pavilions, the promenade twists and turns in it. The wall of the gallery is embedded with more than 300 square stone carvings by calligraphers of past dynasties, which is the "calligraphy post for staying in the garden".

The east is dominated by architecture, with pavilions and magnificent cloisters. There are the famous "Three Peaks in Liuyuan", among which the peak of the cloud is the relic of the Flower Stone Class in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is about 9 meters high and is the largest lake stone in the south of the Yangtze River. In the north are small bamboo forests, peach trees and apricot trees. "Another village" built a grape wisteria frame, which is quite idyllic. The rockeries in the west are all kinds of strange, with rocks alternating with each other and natural accumulation. Taoyuan in the north is called "Momowu". Peach trees and willows are planted on both sides of a stream in front of the mountain. This garden not only has unique architectural structure and decoration, but also separates the scenery with continuous buildings, and makes the windows of the buildings communicate with each other, so that the scenery is integrated.

Qu Yuan is located in Mayi Lane, Renmin Road, Suzhou. It is the former residence of Yu Yue in the late Qing Dynasty. In the eighth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1858), Yu Yue went to Suzhou and lived here for a long time. In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), with the support of friends, he bought the abandoned land to the west of Pan's former residence in Mayi Lane and built a house. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), he moved into his new house in April. Yu Yue (182 1- 1907) was a scholar in the thirty years of Qing Daoguang (1850). He was once the editor of imperial academy Jishi Shu and studied politics in Zhejiang. He is a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty. Qu Yuan covers an area of about 5 mu, with five entrances in the middle and an annex building in the east. From 65438 to 0954, Yu Pingbo, a famous great-grandson scholar in Yu Yue, donated Qu Yuan's former residence to the country.

The mysterious temple is in Guanqian Street, Suzhou. Founded in the second year of Xianning in the Western Jin Dynasty (276). The old concept has a large scope and has been destroyed several times. The existing larger buildings mainly include Zhengshanmen and Sanqing Hall. Sanqing Hall was rebuilt in the sixth year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 179), and was designed by Zhao Bosu, the younger brother of the famous painter Zhao Boju at that time. With double eaves and nine ridges, a high platform under it and a spacious platform in front of it, this magnificent temple is one of the largest and oldest Taoist temples in China. The plane of the temple is rectangular, about 45 meters long and 25 meters wide; 9 rooms are wide and 6 rooms are deep. Although rebuilt by later generations, there are still works of the Song Dynasty in the southwest. There are two kinds of beams in the temple: open beams and hidden beams. The brick Sumitomo in the temple is 1.75 meters high, which is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower, with numerous levels and gorgeous carvings. On the seat are three Sanqing statues, clay sculptures, like gold, which look like old things from the Southern Song Dynasty.

The Confucian Temple is located in Sanyuanfang, Renmin Road, Suzhou. It was built in the first year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1034). Except Dacheng Hall, most of the existing buildings were rebuilt in the third year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1864). Dacheng Hall was built in the 11th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 14 1) and rebuilt in the 8th year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty (1433). It has 7 rooms, with a width of 30m, a depth of 13 and a height of 20.5m ... The interior is a wooden beam frame with a bucket arch under the eaves and a spacious platform in front of the temple, which is magnificent.

Xiyuan is on Liuyuan Road outside Nagato, Suzhou, facing Liuyuan from east to west. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566), Xiyuan and Dongyuan, the predecessors of Lingering Garden, were the homes of Xu Shitai, an old servant. Her son Langzhong Xu Rong Sheyuan was named Guiyuan Temple (Guiyuan Temple was built in Yuan Dynasty and named Xu Shitai Xiyuan). In the eighth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1635), lawyer Mao Lin lived in a temple, preached "Fazong" and changed his name to Zhuang Jie Fa Tang. In the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1860), the temple was destroyed by war and rebuilt in Tongzhi and Guangxu years (1862- 1908). Now the West Garden is the general name of Zhuang Jiefa's old temple and its West Temple Garden, and it is a complete set of Buddhist architecture.

Zhuang Jiefa Old Temple is one of the famous temples in the south of the Yangtze River, with neat layout, grand hall and solemn Buddha statue. The main buildings are the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall, the Lohan Hall, the Guanyin Hall and the Buddhist Scripture Building. The Hall of the Great Hero rests on the top of the mountain, with double eaves, facing south, and seven rows of trees are majestic. To the west of the temple is the Lohan Hall, which has 48 rooms and is field-shaped. With four famous Buddhist temples as the center, there are 500 golden arhats in clay sculpture, which are symmetrically arranged in odd and even numbers. Lohan's expressions are different and lifelike. The two statues of Jigong and Jigong are lifelike. Thousand-handed camphor wood carving Guanyin is ingenious in conception and superb in skill. Behind Luohan Hall is a wide and clear temple garden. The whole park is centered on the release pond, with pavilions and winding paths, hidden among rocks, flowers and trees.

Yiyuan Garden is on Renmin Road in Suzhou. This is the former residence of Wu Kuan, a senior minister of the Ming Dynasty, which was acquired by Gu Wenbin in the early years of Guangxu. The famous painter Ren Fuchang and others were invited to participate in the design, which cost 202,000 yuan and lasted for 7 years. The area is only more than 8 acres, and the layout is exquisite. The garden is divided into two parts, east and west, separated by a covered corridor, and there are leaking windows on the corridor wall with different patterns. To the east, it's the Yu Yan Pavilion.