What is penicillin extracted from

Natural penicillin and semi-synthetic penicillin production method is completely different. Natural penicillin Penicillin G production can be divided into two steps: strain fermentation and extraction and refining. ①Strain fermentation: Inoculate the Penicillium chrysogenum into the solid culture medium, and cultivate it at 25℃ for 7-10 days, then the spore culture of Penicillium chrysogenum can be obtained. Use sterile water to make a suspension of spores inoculated into the seed tank has been sterilized medium, through the sterile air, stirring, incubated at 27 ℃ for 24 ~ 28h, and then the seed culture inoculated into the fermentation tank has been sterilized medium containing phenylacetic acid precursor, through the sterile air, stirring, incubated at 27 ℃ for 7 days. During the fermentation process, the precursor of phenylacetic acid and the appropriate amount of medium should be added. ②Extraction and refining: cool the penicillin fermentation broth and filter it. Filtrate in pH2 ~ 2.5 conditions, in the extractor with butyl acetate for multi-stage countercurrent extraction, the butyl extract, transferred to pH7.0 ~ 7.2 buffer, and then transferred to butyl, the butyl extract by activated charcoal decolorization, add salts, the *** boiling distillation can be obtained penicillin G potassium salt. Penicillin G sodium salt is produced by passing Penicillin G potassium salt through ion exchange resin (sodium type). Semi-synthetic Penicillin Various types of semi-synthetic penicillin can be produced by acylation of 6APA as an intermediate with various chemically synthesized organic acids. 6APA is obtained by cleavage of penicillin G or V by penicillin acylase produced by microorganisms. The enzyme reaction is usually carried out at 40~50℃ and pH8~10; in recent years, the enzyme solidification technology has been applied to the production of 6APA, which simplifies the cleavage process. 6APA can also be chemically cleaved from penicillin G, but the cost is higher. The introduction of the side chain is made by chlorinating the corresponding organic acid to make an acyl chloride, and then acylating 6APA with an inorganic or organic base as a condensing agent in water or organic solvents according to the stability of the acyl chloride. The condensation reaction can also be carried out directly in the lysate without separating out 6APA.