Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - What are the traditional Russian cultures?

What are the traditional Russian cultures?

Russians are cheerful, humorous, with strong national pride and courtesy. Russians should greet people they are familiar with, such as "hello", "good morning", "good day" and "good night". When we meet on the eve of the festival, we should say "Happy Holidays to you". In case of major festivals, some people still have the habit of writing letters or sending congratulatory messages to each other.

Kissing, bowing and shaking hands are the most common manners. Relatives or close friends who meet for a long time should hug each other and kiss each other on the cheek. On more solemn occasions, sometimes men have to bend down and kiss the back of a woman's right hand. When an elder sees a younger generation, he usually kisses the younger generation on the cheek three times, first on the right, then on the left and then on the right to show his love. Some elders kiss their foreheads once to show their love and praise to the younger generation. When the younger generation shows respect to their elders, they usually kiss twice. When friends between women meet, they usually hug and sometimes kiss each other. Men only hug each other. Brothers and sisters should shake hands when they meet or separate after a long separation. Generally, subordinates or younger generations should not reach out first. When a man meets a woman, he must wait for her hand before shaking her hand. For women who meet for the first time, there are only bows and bows.

When visiting Russian families or doing business, it is considered impolite to knock on the door and get permission before entering the house. Take off your hat when you enter the room and sit in the seat given by the host, not on the bed. Visitors are not allowed to smoke casually, and smoking must be approved by the host. The most solemn traditional etiquette of Russians is to greet guests with bread and salt, which symbolizes friendship and goodwill. Visitors must cut a piece of bread with a knife and dip it in some salt before they can enter the house. This etiquette used to be used only to greet VIPs and brides, but now it is also used in general social occasions.

[Edit this paragraph] National taboos

Russians are cheerful, humorous and have strong national self-esteem. They are generally hospitable and polite. To greet guests, the most solemn traditional etiquette is to greet guests with bread and salt, which symbolizes goodwill and friendship. Visitors must cut a piece of bread with a knife and dip it in a little salt before they can use it in general social occasions. Russians avoid giving yellow gifts, thinking that yellow represents disloyalty and blue represents friendship. Kissing etiquette is also popular in social activities, but there are also various taboos. For example, friends can only kiss each other's cheeks, men can't kiss unmarried girls' hands, only married women's hands, and only elders can kiss younger generations' foreheads. Young people should not walk in front when walking with the elderly, and men should not walk in front when walking with men and women; At the banquet, men are not allowed to sit before women; Men are not allowed to wear gloves to shake hands with others. When you meet an old man or a lady, you should bow first, and then shake hands when the other person reaches out.

There are many rules when visiting a Russian family. Knock on the door before entering the house and get the owner's permission. You can't sit in the bed of the host's house with a hat on after entering the house. If guests want to smoke, they must get the permission of the host in advance; When lighting a cigarette, you can't light three people in a row with matches; Don't ask other people's income, and don't ask women's age, otherwise it will be considered impolite; Going to a family dinner is usually 15 minutes later than the scheduled time, not later. Russians still taboo numbers in their lives, especially "13", which they call ghost numbers, which is the most unlucky.

Russians love meat, but they don't eat horse meat and donkey meat. They can't raise their glasses with their left hands when drinking. You must use a spoon when drinking soup, but you must not hold the spoon with your left hand.

Russia's beautiful natural environment provides a good rest environment for her people. In summer, when people are free, they often take a nap in the park or on the roadside, or go to the suburbs for barbecue and swimming. When the holiday comes, they go to their villa to grow vegetables and rest. This is a nation that will enjoy it very much.

Wooden doll (Matryoshka) is a souvenir with rich national characteristics in Russia, almost a symbol of traditional Russian handicrafts.

Cooking tea is an indispensable part of Russian daily life and a unique symbol and pillar of a warm family. Russia has unique eating habits; Three meals a day, breakfast is relatively simple, bread with ham, tea, coffee or milk; Lunch is much richer, usually with three courses. The first course was preceded by cold cuts. The first course is soup. Russian soup is more nutritious, including diced potatoes, various vegetables and meat or fish fillets. The second course is meat or fish and some side dishes. The third course is dessert, tea, coffee and the like. According to Russian custom, the order of dishes cannot be reversed.

Russians are good at drinking vodka, bread and salt, which they use to entertain distinguished guests. In the snow and ice, wearing boots, stockings, miniskirts and a silver fox or blue fox coat is a winter scene in Moscow, but the wind in Moscow is very strong, so you must wear a hat.

Russians pay great attention to appearance, love cleanliness and dress neatly. When traveling, attending parties and watching performances, always bring an iron. Russians are used to wearing evening dresses, especially watching ballet, which is particularly noble.

Russians especially like flowers. They buy flowers during holidays or visit friends, and plant some at home. They also like small animals such as cats and dogs.

The Russians greeted the distinguished guests with bread and salt. This is because in ancient Russia, salt was very precious and was only used when entertaining guests. At that time, bread represented wealth and status. Generally, bread is put on a tray covered with exquisite embroidered square towels and presented to distinguished guests by the host; The guests kissed the bread first, then broke off a small piece, sprinkled some salt and tasted it to express their gratitude.

Russians like to drink black tea with sugar, honey or jam, and Russian tea drinking culture has a long history. As early as the 18th century, some Russian cities began to produce tea sets, among which Tula is recognized as the real capital of brew tea and a symbol of Russian traditional tea drinking culture. In today's Russia, making tea has become a unique symbol of a warm family.

Russians like to drink, but they don't pay much attention to food, as long as they have wine to drink. Women generally drink champagne and fruit wine, while men prefer vodka, which is a kind of soju brewed from grains. Good vodka is high in alcohol, but it is not easy to get drunk.

Russians like literature and love reading. People can read newspapers and books everywhere in cars and subways. Many Russians have a wealth of books at home, and some even have their own family library.

prescribe a diet

Several characteristics of Russian diet;

Acid: bread and milk are sour, and vegetable soup is also sour;

Cold: Lunch is mostly cold dishes. Black red fish roe, sausage, ham, red fish, salted fish, sour mushroom, pickled cucumber, cold salad, cheese, etc. They are all eaten cold, and they eat a lot of cold drinks. They eat ice cream at MINUS 30 degrees.

T: You must have soup for lunch. There are all kinds of broth, fish soup, sauerkraut soup, cabbage soup and so on. And ice soup in summer. "Red cabbage soup" is a famous flavor;

Liquor: hard liquor, generally with a large amount of alcohol;

Tea: Drink black tea with lemon slices and sugar. When pouring tea, first pour some tea from the teapot and then dilute it with water;

Staple food: Bread made of rye and wheat flour. Black bread is the favorite food of Russians, and it is often used as entertaining food. Porridge is made from various kinds of wheat or buckwheat. Buckwheat porridge often has eggs, onions, mushrooms, original sweat soup, chicken or other meat.

Non-staple food: mainly like to eat fish, shrimp, mutton, vegetables and fruits, such as mutton skewers, mutton soup, roast mutton, fried lamb chops, fried sheep intestines and so on.

Vegetables: cucumber, tomato, potato, radish, lettuce and onion. But Russians don't eat certain seafood (squid, jellyfish, sea cucumber) and fungi.

The rules of diet

In service places, such as restaurants, tips are generally called tea money. Pay more if you can, and then say "keep the change". When invited as a guest, take off your hat before entering the house and say hello to the host and others; In the host's house, bow to the hostess first and say hello, and sit in the position given by the host.

When eating western food, please hold a fork in your left hand, a knife in your right hand and bread in your hand. Generally, the knife will only be put down if it is used for a long time. Please raise the glass with your right hand to drink.

When you chew, your mouth is closed and you can't make any noise. Eating fruit is generally peeled, so you should be a "gentleman" at the party and take good care of the women around you.

Healthy habits

Smoking and spitting are not allowed in public places. Smoking in a very empty street, away from others, people will come to "take care of you". Russians have a strong sense of public morality in this respect.

Russians have the habit of "bathing in the pond". Their bathhouse is unique-steam bathhouse. There are stoves and hot stones in the bathhouse. When water is poured on the stone, steam appears immediately, and then they beat themselves with a broom made of birch.

Greet sb.

Russians are very particular about addressing, but if they just talk in general terms, they don't have to know all the rules;

In the streets, shops, buses and other ordinary occasions, you can address the other party as "you" (Wei) or "Comrade" (Da Varisi);

If you talk further, you can address the other person as "Mr" (Garth Bargeny), "Miss", "Jeushka", "Lady" (Dam), "Friend" (Drucker) and "Young Man" (Ma Radoi) according to their gender and age.

When you meet and talk with Russians on more formal occasions, you should try to remember each other's full names, not only by their first names, but also by their father's surname to show respect and courtesy, and remember that "you" is not called "you".

Conversation taboo

When giving cigarettes, you should generally give yourself a cigarette case, not just one, and pay special attention not to light three people's cigarettes with matches;

When a man smokes, first ask the woman next to you if she mind; When going out, the man helped the woman in the same trade put on her coat and pulled the door. Please look at each other when you speak, and don't interrupt to show respect.

The pronoun to go to the toilet is "excuse me, please wait a moment" or "excuse me, I have to make a phone call, please wait a moment";

When shaking hands, take off your gloves, don't shake each other's hands, usually hold them gently; When the relationship is good, you can use force;

For older women, don't reach out first. For women who meet for the first time, you can bow first;

You are a woman, please don't flap your skirt, otherwise it will cause unnecessary misunderstanding;

Also, don't point your finger at others, and don't shout when you are talking. Russians either don't speak or whisper in public, which is very civilized.