A composition about muppets.

Don't be too lazy I'll provide you with the information and sort it out myself. ——————————————

Known as "bringing puppets to life", Fujian Muppet Opera is called "Kerry Opera" and "Kerry Opera", and it was called "suspension spring Puppet" and "Line Opera" in ancient times. "Li Jia" and "Li Jia" mean big gifts in a grand funeral ceremony. In Fujian, whenever people get married, have a birthday, the baby is one year old, the new building is paved or completed, games are held to welcome the gods, and people make thanksgiving wishes, puppet shows are always performed as big gifts. Therefore, since ancient times, the marionette has been nicknamed "Li Jia" and "Li Jia" in Quanzhou. This play is still very popular in Fujian! However, marionettes in Shiqian, Fuzhou, Fujian, such as pingnan county and Quanzhou, Fujian, are well preserved. Among all kinds of puppet shows in China, Fujian puppet show is the only one that still has its own musical "Puppet Tune", and it is still a puppet show.

Nearly 300 melodies of Qupai and ancient musical instruments such as Nangu and Gong Ju are still well preserved. Fujian Muppets have complete image structure and exquisite production, especially the carving and pastel techniques of Muppets' heads, which are unique. Quanzhou puppet has a clear outline and refined lines, and inherited the carving and painting styles of the Tang and Song Dynasties. On the basis of drawing lessons from its traditional skills, contemporary muppets pay more attention to exaggeration and deformation, especially to individuality and expressiveness, and are well-known folk craft treasures at home and abroad. Generally speaking, the image of Quanzhou puppet has more than 16 lines, and even more than 30 slender hanging lines, which are diverse in lines and complicated in operation. Compared with most traditional puppet shows in China, skill performance is the most difficult.

history

Legend has it that Wang entered Fujian at the end of Tang Dynasty and built a palace when he became king in Fuzhou today. Zhongzhou hired many famous scholars and students and put them in the palace for entertainment. The puppet show was then introduced to Quanzhou, so the road of "Kerry Opera" had the voice of Zhongzhou. By the Song Dynasty, "Jiali Opera" had been widely circulated among Quanzhou people. In the Ming Dynasty, Quanzhou puppet show was further combined with folk ceremonies, which made great progress. In the Ming Dynasty, Quanzhou Li Tingji once wrote a couplet for puppet shows: "Driving thousands of miles in a blink of an eye, the cause of ancient and modern times will be overnight." It can be seen that the puppet repertoire at that time was rich in content and wide in subject matter, with the ability to express thousands of miles and accommodate ancient and modern times. String puppet

By the time of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the "Li Jia" drama in Quanzhou was very mature, which broke away from the "puppet-playing" form of fragment and acrobatic performance and formed a standardized script system, which could perform large-scale and meticulous historical dramas. Although there are only 36 fixed images, the industry has been divided into four categories: raw, Dan, North and miscellaneous, and can perform 42 plays. For example, the traditional series "Mu Lian Save Mother" can be performed for seven days and seven nights. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than 50 kinds of puppet shows in Quanzhou, which spread all over urban and rural areas. Quanzhou Dongyue Temple, Guandi Temple, Yuanming Temple, Chenghuang Temple and other "four major temples" all have fixed troupes dedicated to praying for blessings and enjoying the gods. Lin Zeng, known as the "Etiquette Talent", collaborated with Xiumei Yang, a scholar, to create a series of plays, such as "Yue Shuo" and "Water Margin", which made the puppet show go out of the circle of serving only weddings, funerals and celebrations. Lin, Lian and others also created and improved many performing arts skills, such as sword drawing, sword inserting, snake beating, umbrella dancing, weaving, cymbals playing, etc., which greatly enriched the performing arts of puppet shows. For thousands of years, Quanzhou puppet show has not only become an indispensable part of folk customs in Quanzhou and even in Minnan-speaking areas, but also become a folk opera art appreciated and loved by ordinary people and even literati with its unique skills and wonderful performances.

Artistic feature

After thousands of years of uninterrupted inheritance and accumulation, Quanzhou puppet show has preserved more than 700 traditional repertoires and unique musical "puppet tune" composed of more than 300 tunes (including ancient musical instruments such as "Foot Drum" and "Gong Ju" and corresponding playing techniques), and formed a set of "traditional basic rules" with exquisite and mature line-playing kung fu, exquisite puppet carving, idol plastic arts and production techniques. In the traditional repertoire of Quanzhou puppet show, there are a lot of ancient Quanzhou folk weddings, funerals and celebrations, folk beliefs and customs. The words, vocabulary and archaic sounds of slang in "Ancient Heluo Language" and Minnan Dialect are preserved. It also preserved many precious materials such as the repertoire, music, performance methods and performance forms of Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Therefore, the study of Minnan Culture, Minnan Dialect and Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties has multidisciplinary research value, which has attracted extensive attention from experts and scholars at home and abroad.

Inherited value

Due to the special geographical, historical and cultural relations between Quanzhou and Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asia, Quanzhou puppet show began to spread to Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asia in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and took root and blossomed there. It has played an important bridge role in spreading Minnan dialect and culture, continuing the inheritance of national culture, communicating the feelings of compatriots on both sides of the strait and overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries, and enhancing national cultural identity. Brief Introduction of Quanzhou Puppet Show and Troupe Quanzhou Puppet Show, called suspension spring Puppet in ancient times, originated in Qin and Han Dynasties. According to documents, it was popular in Quanzhou and its surrounding areas at the latest in the Tang, Wei and Five Dynasties. Since then, it has been passed down from Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty to the present age. Up to now, more than 700 traditional repertoires and more than 300 pieces of unique traditional opera music "Puppet Tune" (including ancient musical instruments such as "foot drum" and "cymbals" and corresponding playing techniques) have been preserved. At the same time, it has formed a set of exquisite and standardized operating line kung fu (traditional basic line gauge), as well as unique even-headed sculpture, idol plastic arts and production technology. There are a lot of folk beliefs, weddings, funerals and celebrations in ancient Minnan-speaking areas in the traditional repertoire of Quanzhou puppet show. A large number of grammar, vocabulary and ancient pronunciation of "ancient Heluo language" and Minnan dialect have been preserved. It has preserved many precious materials such as repertoires, music and performance forms of southern operas in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and has the value of multidisciplinary research. For thousands of years, Quanzhou puppet show has not only been associated with the life customs of the people in Minnan language area, such as birth, aging, illness and death. Since the Ming Dynasty, it has spread to Taiwan Province Province and places where overseas Chinese live in Southeast Asia. Quanzhou Puppet Troupe, the main inheritor of Quanzhou Puppet Show, was founded in 1952. Since the foundation of the Alliance, a large number of drama programs have been created and rehearsed, covering almost 50 countries and regions in the north and south of China, inside and outside the Great Wall, across the Taiwan Strait and five continents. The drama Shui Jin Man Shan and the children's drama Celebrating Harvest won the second prize (the first prize was missing) and the silver prize in the second Romanian International Puppet Festival. The drama "Flame Mountain" and the pantomime "Thousand Peach Stones" participated in the performance of "Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of People's Republic of China (PRC)" and won the first prize for performance and the third prize for creative performance respectively. The pantomime "Cat" participated in the "National Puppet Shadow Play" in Beijing and won the Ministry of Culture Award; The drama Tai Chi Tu won the "Puppet Drama Innovation Award" in the 17th drama exhibition in Fujian Province, and should be transferred to Beijing to participate in the "First Chinese Art Festival". Divine drama "Cutting Mountain to Save Mother", short drama "How to Train Monkeys", "Zhong Kui Drunk" and "Lion Dance" participated in the "National Puppet Shadow Play" and won many awards such as excellent drama award and excellent performance award. Huang Yiqie, an internationally renowned puppet master, won the "Special Honor Award" from the Ministry of Culture and the "First Prize of Hundred Flowers Literature and Art" from Fujian Province. The pantomime "Little Black Golden Waterfall" won many awards such as the 2nd1drama performance award in Fujian Province. The modern drama "Going to a Banquet to Fight Hatoyama", the musical "Lantern Festival Music" and the pantomime "Qian Yantao" were shortlisted for the "32nd Croatian International Puppet Competition" and won the highest prize-the collective grand prize. And won the Slovenian "maribor Art Festival Award". In 2002, he created and performed "Living Puppet with a New Face of Ancient Art", and won the "Tenth Wenhua New Drama Award" and two individual prizes of puppet performance and puppet making. In 2003, he created and performed a large-scale classical satirical comedy "Imperial Envoy", and won the Golden Lion Award, the Second National Puppet Shadow Play Competition, the Screenplay Award, the Director Award, the Modeling Design Award and three performance awards. In 2004, The Imperial Envoy was selected for the 7th China Arts Festival and won the 11th Wenhua New Drama Award, Wenhua Collective Performance Award, Wenhua Drama Award and Wenhua Director Award. Since then, "Imperial Commissioner" has been selected into "Nominated Plays of National Stage Art Works in 2004-2005" and "Nominated Plays of National Stage Art Works in 2005-2006". In June 2009, the drama "Flame Mountain" won the first "National Excellent Reserved Drama Award" by the Ministry of Culture. In addition, the troupe also went to Beijing for many times to participate in national performances, exhibitions, exhibitions and CCTV's "Super Variety Show", "Spring Festival Gala" and other major artistic activities. At the same time, he visited more than 50 countries and regions on five continents 150 times and won many awards in international art festivals and competitions. In 2005, he was invited to hold the "2005 United Nations Spring Festival Gala in China" at United Nations Headquarters. In 2007, he was transferred to UNESCO headquarters in Paris to participate in the "United Nations China Intangible Cultural Heritage Art Festival". On August 8, 2008, Quanzhou Puppet Troupe presented the unique style of China's puppet show to more than 4 billion TV viewers around the world at the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games. On June 5438+ 10, 2009, he was invited to perform the opening performance of "Echoing Chinese Art Festival from ancient times to the present" in Carnegie Hall, a world-famous art hall. June 2009165438+1October went to the Belgian National Theatre to participate in the "Europa Chinese Art Festival" performance. In June, 2009165438+1October, it won the "People's Friendship Contribution Award" of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. Quanzhou puppet show is the puppet show with the longest uninterrupted history and the richest cultural and artistic accumulation in China. It is also a rare model and undisputed representative of China's silk puppet art. In 2002, Quanzhou puppet show, Kunqu opera and other 10 projects were recommended by the Chinese Academy of Art and listed in the "Database of Traditional Folk Performing Arts" by the Asia-Pacific Cultural Center of the United Nations. In 2005, Quanzhou Puppet Troupe was awarded the "United Nations South-South Cooperation Network Puppet Art Project Demonstration Base" by the United Nations South-South Cooperation Network Demonstration Base. From June to 10, 2005, Quanzhou Puppet Troupe was awarded the title of "National Advanced Collective in Cultural Work" by the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Culture. In 2006, Quanzhou puppet show was selected as the first batch of "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List". In June 2007, he won the "Cultural Heritage Day" award from the Ministry of Culture. In 2008 10, 165438 was awarded the title of "Minnan cultural and ecological protection experimental zone demonstration site" and "the third batch of Fujian cultural industry demonstration bases" by the Fujian Provincial Department of Culture. On June 5438+ 10, 2009, it was awarded the "Experimental Base for Art Exchange" by China Center of UNESCO International Puppet Federation and China Puppet Shadow Play Art Society.

Edit this endangered cultural heritage.

Puppet puppet show, called "suspension spring Puppet" in ancient times, is also called "suspension spring Puppet", which is an ancient and rare opera. Jiangxi Xingguo Muppet Opera is not only adapted from folk rap books and legends, but also from Yuanqu and Ming and Qing zaju, with rich contents. The puppet troupe here usually has about 7 people. During the performance, one or two people operate in front of the stage, singing while talking, and three or five people accompany them in the background. Among them, the operator of the puppet show can also disguise the roles of men, women and children according to the characters in the play, which can be described as a multi-purpose machine. But with the passage of time, this ancient art form gradually faded out of the audience's field of vision.

Yuan Yuan

According to legend, the puppet show originated in BC 180, when Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu, was besieged in Dengbaicheng. Chen Ping, his military adviser, suggested making an adult out of wood and singing puppet shows at the east, west and south gates. The enemy all concentrated in the east, west and south gates to watch the play, only the north gate was empty and unguarded. Therefore, when Emperor Gaozu escaped from the North Gate, there was a saying that "Chen Ping was a puppet and the Han Dynasty wanted to protect the people of the world". "The marionettes in Xingguo County are mainly popular in Juncun, Yongfeng, Longping, Shefu, Zhangmu, Meijiao and other towns." Xiao Yuanming, director of Xingguo County Cultural Center, said. The existing marionette dramas are literary, with fascinating stories, humorous lines and beautiful and changeable lyrics. Not only that, Xingguo Muppet has a complete image, exquisite production, subtle charm and lifelike appearance, which can be called a folk craft treasure. Xingguo marionettes generally have full foreheads, full jaws and slender eyebrows, especially round noses and small lips, which are gentle, beautiful and touching. The design of the puppet mask is also quite clever. For example, the eyebrows are flat and the lines are round, giving people a feeling of soft fluttering. Wujiao operas are mostly "vertical eyebrows", which are inverted eight-shaped, with concise lines and rich brushwork, giving people a sense of bravery and decisiveness. Depending on the role, the number of thread pairs ranges from 5 to 12, or even more than 20. Through the artist's clever use of lifting, poking, hooking, picking, twisting, swinging, flashing and shaking, the puppet art is endowed with life, which makes people dazzled and amazed.

difficult position

Watching puppet shows used to be a favorite cultural and recreational activity of Xingguo people, but with the development of the times, people's cultural life is rich and their aesthetic taste changes, there are fewer and fewer people watching puppet shows in Xingguo. Due to the shrinking audience, in recent 10 years, the marionette troupe has poor economic benefits and fewer performances. It is more difficult to find people who are willing to learn this craft, which has caused a fault in the age structure of muppets. The existing line opera artists have entered the seventies one after another, facing the situation of no successor, especially some puppet making skills and performance skills are on the verge of being lost. At present, there are only seven or eight marionette troupes in Xingguo County, each with 6-8 people, with an average performance of about 100 a year, less than half of the original peak period, and the performance time is basically concentrated during the Spring Festival. Yang Zhenquan is the backbone of the puppet troupe in Xishi Village, Juncun Township, Xingguo County. He is 72 years old this year. He not only brought his apprentice, but also brought his apprentice. But in recent years, all the disciples have gone out to work, and the troupe is understaffed. When they go out to perform, they often go to other villages to invite people.

Out of the way

Puppet puppet show is a kind of drama with traditional folk characteristics, which has great influence in the local area. It is very urgent and important to protect and inherit the puppet show in Xingguo. Therefore, in recent years, Xingguo County has adopted a combination of static protection and dynamic protection to protect and inherit this folk literature and art. First, it has organized manpower, material resources and financial resources to study, collect and sort out Xingguo puppet show, published relevant books, filmed TV feature films and related audio-visual materials, conducted in-depth investigation and demonstration, and formulated relevant standards from the aspects of topic selection, performance skills, inheritance and development. We have compiled early scripts such as manuscripts and mimeographs. Second, a training base has been established and improved, a training course on marionette folk traditional drama has been held, and a training mechanism for mentoring talents has been established. At present, three training courses on traditional marionette drama have been held. Third, we continued to hold marionette folk traditional drama competitions and folk performances, and invested 65,438+10,000 yuan to hold the first county-wide marionette folk traditional drama competition. Fourth, a leading group for the protection of marionette folk traditional drama composed of leaders of the county cultural bureau, business leaders and experts was established, the marionette traditional drama association was established, and the articles of association of the marionette traditional drama association in Xingguo were formulated. At present, more than 60,000 yuan has been invested to build six marionette troupes, including Gao Xi, Xishi and Panxi.