What's the meaning of the purple tongzhi sword?

Question 1: What is the significance of learning as a mirror? Zi Tong Zhi Jian is a chronological history book compiled by Sima Guang, a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty. The book started in the Warring States and ended in the Five Dynasties. * * * recorded the historical facts of 16 dynasties. For a long time, it has attracted the attention of rulers of past dynasties, who have learned both positive and negative ruling experience and leadership art from it.

China is a country that attaches great importance to history and is good at learning from it. It is this tradition that ensures that China's cultural context will not be interrupted by the constant dynasty subversion and rise and fall, but will continue to extend and develop, and through the integration and integration of internal and external experiences, China's culture will be richer and more complex.

Although rulers of past dynasties hoped to learn from history, make fewer mistakes and take a long-term road of stability, we know that many things are often "unknown to outsiders, fascinated by the authorities" or "easy" and ultimately "counterproductive". After all, good experience cannot be copied and implemented in reality. Even if the same thing is implemented differently due to different environments, people and situations, the result is unpredictable. In other words, historical experience is valuable, but it is more important to give full play to its role flexibly according to different realities.

Sima Guang was praised by later generations for compiling Zi Tong Zhi Jian, and was called "the two Sima before and after" together with Sima Qian. As we all know, Sima Guang's Song Shenzong era coincided with Wang Anshi's political reform. Wang Anshi is an idealized reformer, and his political proposition is to try to promote the country's rapid prosperity through radical reform. Although Wang Anshi had a very noble personality charm, firm courage and fearless spirit of "Where is the Tao, although a thousand people point to it", and was in a high position at that time, he was deeply trusted by the emperor, but his radical reform not only violated the interests of the bureaucratic interest class at that time, but also failed to achieve practical results in the specific operation process for various reasons, which eventually led to the complete failure of the reform. It can be seen that the quality of politics can not be measured by personal moral values, but only by actual results. Therefore, Wang Anshi is an excellent writer and a good official who wants to do great things, but he is not a successful political reformer. Because of different political views, Wang Anshi has many political enemies, and Sima Guang is one of them. Therefore, one of the purposes of Sima Guang's compilation of "Learning from One's Own Experience" is to tell the emperor at that time by summing up the experience of past dynasties that if radical social changes are to be taken in a society with deep abuses, social contradictions will often be intensified, causing social agitation, and social reforms will often touch on all aspects, and there will often be a situation of "taking one thing and moving the whole body". Only when you have a deep understanding and insight into all walks of life, and have great meticulousness and endurance, can you take the method of reeling and peeling cocoons. This is also Sima Guang's ingenious "book admonition". At the same time, Sima Guang also gently warned the rulers through Zi Tong Zhi Jian. Of course, rule needs "law, potential and technique" in parallel, but "technique", that is, political strategy, is a very dangerous double-edged sword. Using good is good, and using evil is evil. The rule of good must follow a certain way of governance, and educating people with honesty is the right way. Therefore, if we regard "Learning from Our Resources as a Mirror" as a textbook for studying political strategies, it will go against Mr. Sima Guang's original intention.

In recent years, domestic books on teaching people various strategies have emerged in an endless stream, giving us a strong illusion that the competition in today's era is fierce, and people without strategies can't protect themselves or defeat others. A society is full of distrust and insecurity, which in itself is a dangerous social malady. It is said that the tendency of a society can be seen from its interests. Bai Yang, a Taiwan Province writer, once wrote The Ugly People of China, in which he said that China people love infighting. "One China person is a dragon, and three China people are worms". We think that if a society is full of strategies and people's communication is also full of strategies, then how sad this society is. Lu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, once commented on the book Warring States Policy, which is also very suitable for teaching people all kinds of strategies, that is, "the strangeness of its articles is enough to entertain people's eyes and ears, and the cleverness of its changes is enough to make people feel bad", which is really not as good as teaching people honesty. Therefore, Laozi has long put forward the view of "destroying the wisdom of the people". He is not against the wisdom of the people, but against the use of strategy among the people. Because Laozi's own "wisdom" has reached a high level, if he opposes opening human wisdom, then he is actually denying himself. Look at Lao Tzu's proposal that "the avenue is useless and meaningful; Great wisdom leads to great fallacies "and" great wisdom is stupid "... >>

Question 2: What is the value and significance of Zi Tong Zhi Jian to modern people? "Learning from each other" is a book that combines political experience, management experience and life experience. You can understand a lot of truth about being a man and doing things, and you can provide a lot of reference for dealing with complex contradictions. Its value depends on your own understanding. But if you realize the wisdom of life in the book yourself, you might as well find a famous teacher to give you some advice first. Recently, the School of History of Wuhan University will hold a high-level seminar entitled "History, Culture and Leadership Strategies". This lesson is about the twelve lessons in Zi Tong Zhi Jian and the trip to the ancient capital of the emperor.

Question 3: What is the meaning of Purple Tongzhi Sword (title)? As a title, the word Zi Tong Zhi Jian means:

When the verb * * * is used in classical Chinese, "sub-arc" is interpreted as "use, use and supply".

"Governance" is interpreted as "governance and rule" here.

"Tongjian" is interpreted as "general and widely used reference (data)" here.

Therefore, the full name of this book is explained in a reasonable way, and the free translation is "a reference historical material widely used by rulers at that time (Northern Song Dynasty)".

It is said that Zi Tong Zhi Jian was written by Sima Guang, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the meaning of this title is easy to understand.

Question 4: What does Purple Tongzhi Sword mean? Zi Tong Zhi Jian was named Zi Tong Zhi Jian by Song Shenzong. The title of the book means: "In view of the past, we should take governance as the foundation", that is, we should take historical gains and losses as a warning and strengthen governance.

Zi Tongzhi Jian is the largest general history in ancient China. Editor-in-chief Sima Guang originally wanted to be named Tongzhi. After Zong Shen ascended the throne, he renamed Tongzhi as Zi Chang Tong Jian, which means "in view of the past, he has the resources to govern Taoism".

Question 5: It is important to understand that Zi Tong Zhi Jian is a very important work in China traditional culture. If you want to choose some of our thousands of historical masterpieces, there must be Purple Tongzhi Sword. But for ordinary readers, it is actually very difficult to grasp the essence. It has a huge space, with a history of 1300 years, with a total of 294 volumes, from the division of the Three Kingdoms into Jin Dynasty to the mutiny in Chen Qiao to the establishment of the Song Dynasty. Historians often have a lot of their own thoughts in the process of narrating history. Different historians have different opinions about the same thing, which reflects their ideological differences. For a classic book like Zi Tong Zhi Jian, if we only pay attention to its superficial words and don't explore the deep meaning behind the words, even if we read it thoroughly, we may not know this book.

In the past, there were about three ways to read Zi Tong Zhi Jian.

The first is to train children to read. When Mr. Zhou Yiliang was a child, his father gave him lessons every day, including reading "Zi Tong Zhi Jian". This situation may also occur in some private schools. Reading Zi Tong Zhi Jian in this way, in addition to understanding the basic history, is mainly familiar with sentence reading. In previous books, there were generally no sentences to read, and children needed to punctuate themselves when reading. Today, some units in Fudan are training graduate students, and they are still practicing ancient Chinese reading ability in this way. This is of course the easiest way to read Zi Tong Zhi Jian.

The second reading method, which is also the reading method of most ordinary readers, is to read through Zi Tong Zhi Jian to understand the history before the Song Dynasty. I have talked about "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" many times in school and society, and every time it will arouse the interest of some listeners. Many listeners will buy a set of Purple Tongzhi Sword, but after watching it for a while, they will find me and say it is too difficult. Is there any way for me to continue reading? The process of reading ancient Chinese is very difficult in itself. The average reader can't wait to read half of Zi Tongzhi Jian after reading it page by page, and then read the 20 volumes of Zi Tongzhi Jian ordered by Zhonghua Book Company. Let's see, even if one volume can be read in one day, it will take at least 294 days to read 294 volumes. But reading in this way will not be very effective. The memory function of human brain is limited. New knowledge is absorbed too quickly, and it is easy to forget the old one. After reading the second one, you forget the first one. Unless you really have enough time to read the Purple Tongzhi Sword over and over again, it is difficult to master the ancient history of China in this way. For most readers, it is obviously unrealistic to read a certain paragraph in Zi Tong Zhi Jian repeatedly. Therefore, I often tell students that if they want to know the general history of China, it is not appropriate to read Zi Tongzhi Jian, so it is better to choose Qian Mu's Outline of National History. It is certainly not easy to read the Outline of National History, but with a little perseverance, you should be able to finish it in one semester. In addition, students with higher academic qualifications can go and see Zhao Yi's Notes on Twenty-two Histories.

The third reading method is to do research by reading Zi Tong Zhi Jian. This is an expert's business and has little to do with most ordinary readers.

Today, I mainly want to talk about another reading method of Zi Tongzhi Jian, which is also the theme of Zi Tongzhi Jian, a general course I offered for non-history majors at Fudan University. Deconstruct and understand the History of Thought.

What is the reading method of the history of thought, and where is the basic foothold of the reading method of the history of thought? Sima Guang, the author of Zi Tong Zhi Jian, is called a historian today. In fact, let's not forget that his most important identity is not a historian, but a politician, returning to the era when Sima Guang lived. Sima Guang can be said to be one of the most important politicians in the history of the Song Dynasty. He participated in almost all the major historical events of that era. For example, Wang Anshi is both a writer and a politician, and Sima Guang is the leader who opposes Wang Anshi's political reform. Sima Guang didn't oppose it for the sake of opposing it. Before Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang wrote many articles to reveal and study the social crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty, so he himself had reform ideas. What Sima Guang opposed was not the reform itself, but the strategy and specific content of Wang Anshi's political reform. He thinks Wang Anshi's method won't work. After the failure of the opposition, Sima Guang left Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and went to Luoyang, where he lived for fifteen years, which was an important period for the completion of "Learning from Mutual Aid".

From the compilation of Zi Tong Zhi Jian to its completion, most of the contents were completed when Sima Guang settled in Luoyang. Think about it, a person who cares about current affairs and has profound observation and thinking about current affairs ..... >; & gt

Question 6: Is it meaningful to read Zi Zhi Tong Jian? Reading can learn from the experience and wisdom of our predecessors. The meaning is certain, but no matter what knowledge, you need to think and understand. It is better to believe in books than not to have them. What is the meaning of a thing? It depends on what the person doing it does. This is the key.

Question 7: I read Tong Zhi Jian 1: Why do I read Tong Jian and the significance of reading Tong Jian? I started reading historical records in high school. Although I haven't been introduced, I often learn things after swallowing dates. Later, I read the Purple Tongzhi Sword in dribs and drabs. This book is often called "the book of emperors", "the book of tactics" and "the book of wisdom", which aroused my great curiosity. After reading the first half intermittently in recent years, I still feel very confused and have no introduction, mainly because of the obstacles of classical Chinese. "Handwriting disorder" did great harm to people, and later it intensified my fighting spirit of systematically learning ancient Chinese grammar, which has persisted to this day.