Who can introduce the political parties and their systems in Spain?

The political system of "parliamentary monarchy"

Franco declared Spain a monarchy in 1947, and it was decided by national referendum in 1966. But, in Juan? Carlos was only a theoretical monarchy before he ascended the throne. During Franco's reign 1937- 1975, no king was appointed to the throne. Franco himself is a lifelong head of state, and he monopolizes power. Juan? After Carlos was declared king of Spain, the history of the Spanish kingdom, which had been interrupted for 44 years, turned a new page.

Juan? Carlos appointed Arias after he ascended the throne? Navarro was the first prime minister of the government. Because of his resignation, King Carlos appointed the former Secretary-General of the National Movement 1976 in July. With Suarez as prime minister, Spain began to transition to western parliamentary democracy. From 65438 to 0977, parliamentary elections were held throughout the country. Under the authorization of the king, Suarez, chairman of the Democratic Centrist Alliance, who won a majority in parliament, organized the first government after the general election. 1981an attempted coup took place on February 23rd. He was re-elected in three general elections: 1982, 1989 and 1993.

From 65438 to 0996, the political situation in Spain experienced great changes. Due to the constant scandals and declining prestige, the government of the Workers' Socialist Party lost its advantage in local elections and the support of Catalan nationalist parties in the national parliament, so it had to hold the national election 1996 in advance in March. In the general election, the People's Party won 38.85% of the votes and the Workers' Socialist Party won 37.48% of the votes. In the seats of the House of Representatives and the Senate, the People's Party surpassed the Workers' Socialist Party and won the first general election in Spain with a slight advantage, thus ending the ruling of the Workers' Socialist Party 13 years. In May, the People's Party came to power with the support of local nationalist parties. After the new government came to power, it worked hard to achieve political stability and economic revitalization, and the political situation in Spain remained relatively stable, ending the tense and turbulent situation in the past two years.

Constitution The current Spanish Constitution was adopted by national referendum on February 6, 65438+0978, 65438+and came into effect on February 29, 65438. The Constitution stipulates that Spain is a country with social democracy and the rule of law, with a parliamentary monarchy, and the throne is held by Juan? The direct descendant of Carlos I is hereditary, and the king is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces. He is responsible for governing the country on behalf of the country and the government and reports to the parliament. The Constitution recognizes and guarantees ethnic and regional autonomy.

Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It exercises the legislative power of the state, examines and approves the state budget and supervises the work of the government. Legislative power is controlled by the House of Representatives, and the Senate is the regional representative house. Members are appointed for four years. The current parliament was established in March 1996, with 350 members in the House of Representatives, 208 members in the Senate, and 48 members appointed by the autonomous regional parliament. Speaker of the House of Representatives Federico? Trilho, Speaker of the Senate Juan? Ignacio? Barreiro,1took office in March, 1996. Both of them are party member of the People's Party.

Electoral system According to the Spanish electoral law, national elections are held every four years in principle, and the prime minister of the ruling party may also decide to hold elections in advance. All political parties with legal status have the right to participate in the election, and they need to apply for registration with the National Election Commission before the election. The general election mainly adopts the proportional system. Due to the large number of registered political parties, it is stipulated that political parties that do not get 3% of the votes are regarded as losing their right to enter the parliament. All Spanish citizens aged 18 have the right to vote.

The current Spanish government took office on May 5, 1996, with cabinet members of 15. The current Prime Minister Jose? Maria? Jose Mariana. In addition to cabinet members, the government has 65,438+05 ministries: Foreign Affairs, Justice, National Defense, Finance and Economy, Interior, Public Affairs and Urban Planning, Education and Science, Labor and Social Security, Industry and Energy, Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Civil Affairs, Transport and Tourism, Culture, Health and Consumption, and Liaison Department of Parliament.

The leading body of the judiciary is the General Judicial Council, which is composed of 20 members, and the President of the Supreme Court is also the chairman. Justice is divided into two systems: justice and administrative law. In addition, there is the National General Prosecutor's Office, which governs procuratorates at all levels and prosecutors stationed in various judicial departments. Every province in Spain has a provincial court, which is responsible for accepting civil and criminal cases.

There are many political parties in Spain. According to the statistics of 1987, there are 203 national political parties and 303 local political parties. The political parties that won seats in the national parliamentary elections held in March were 1 1 and 1996, among which the main political parties were: People's Party (the ruling party), Spanish Workers' Socialist Party, Spanish Producer Party, Catalan Democratic Union and Basque Nationalist Party.

Autonomous Region Spain established 17 autonomous regions and 50 provinces in accordance with the Law on Regional Autonomy adopted by referendum in June, 1979. Each autonomous region has its own parliament and autonomous government. According to the Spanish Constitution, all autonomous governments enjoy many autonomy except foreign relations, national defense, tariffs and tariffs, foreign trade, foreign exchange management, finance, justice, labor, intellectual property rights and medicine. But Spain is not a federal system after all, and the state authority is always higher than the autonomy authority. In any case, the highest standard must be to safeguard national unity.