Romantic Poet Qu Yuan

The first romantic poet in the history of China was Qu Yuan, a doctor of the state of Chu during the Warring States period, who was called "Qu Zi" by later generations. He was called "Qu Zi" by later generations. What is the introduction of Qu Yuan, the romantic poet? The following is for reference only!

Introduction

Qu Yuan (about 340 BC - 278 BC), a great patriotic poet in ancient China. Han Chinese, born in Danyang, Chu, name Ping, the word Yuan usually known as Qu Yuan, but also since the cloud name Zhengzhe, the number of Lingjun, Chu King Wu Xiongtong's son of the descendants of Qu Yuan.

Qu Yuan is one of China's greatest romantic poets, the earliest known famous poet in China, and a world cultural celebrity. He created the genre of "Chu rhetoric" and the tradition of "vanilla beauty". During the Warring States period, he was an aristocrat of the state of Chu, and served as the head of Sanlu and Zuotu, in charge of both internal and external affairs. He advocated the internal promotion of the virtuous and capable, and the cultivation of the law, and externally advocated the alliance with Qi to fight against the Qin Dynasty.

Later, he was ostracized by the nobles and exiled to the Yuan and Xiang valleys. Qu Yuan's political ideals were shattered and he despaired of his future. Although he wanted to serve his country, he was powerless to do so and had to commit suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River in May of the same year. Now set May 5 for the Poet's Day.

Biography

Family

Qu Yuan was born in the noble family of the Chu state, Qu Yuan and the king of Chu, as well as the surname of Mi (mǐ), which came from the Zhuanxu system of the Yellow Emperor Zhu Rong clan; Mi ethnic group from the Shang Dynasty migrated to the south of the Chu land, and when passed on to the Xiong deduction, because of the merits of the Zhou was sealed in the Chu, and then lived in Danyang (Dangyang). When Xiong deduction, for his merits by the Zhou feudal Chu, so he lived in Danyang (which is now Zigui County, Hubei Province).

Qu Yuan is the king of Chu's family, then called "public" or "office", then his relationship with Chu, of course, is also different. Qu's descendants, such as Qu Chong, Qu Wan, Qu to, Qu Jian, etc., in the state of Chu have served in important positions. Qu Yuan's father was called Bo Yong. By the time of Qu Yuan's generation, there were not many Qu's who were big officials, only Qu Yuan and Qu Beggar, a general who was later captured by Qin. Qu Yuan's Chu Rhetoric "Nine Chapters" in the "Cherishing Recitation" had said, "Suddenly forgetting the lowly and poor body". It is likely that this noble family was already in decline at that time.

Birth

Qu Yuan's date of birth, according to the results of many recent studies, probably not out of the twenty-seventh year of King Xuan of Chu (342 years ago) to thirty years (339 years ago). According to the projections of the first year, that year should be the year of wuyin. It is a coincidence that Qu Yuan's birth was not only in the year of Yin, but also in the month of Yin and the day of Yin. According to the Chinese calendar, the old saying is "people are born in the year Yin", so Xiazheng will build the month of Yin (i.e., the first month) as the first year of the year. Since Qu Yuan was born in the year Yin, month Yin and day Yin, which is really in line with the birth date of a "human being", he said in his famous work Li Sao: "Taking Tizhen in Mengzuo Ruoxi, but Geng Yin I descend". This sentence means that in the first month of the year in which the star of the Taiyi year meets Yin [4], which is also the day of Geng Yin, I was born from my mother's body. It means that this year is the year of Yin; Meng is the beginning, Shuo is the first month, the summer calendar to build the month of Yin for the first of the year, it means that the first month of the year is the month of Yin; Geng Yin means that this day is the day of Yin. Qu Yuan was born in the year Yin month Yin day, which is a good day (according to Zou Hanxun, Liu Shipei with the Yin calendar and the summer calendar projections, as the first 343 years before the first month of the 21st. The Qing dynasty, Chen Li, using the Zhou calendar projected as the first month of the 22nd day of the first year of 343 years), is now generally recognized as the year before 340.

Taking a name

Qu Yuan felt that his birthdate was a bit different, so he said in Li Sao: "Huang Guan Kui Yu Chudu Ruoxi, Zhao Xiyu to Jia Ming, name Yu said Zhengzhe Ruoxi, the word Yu said Lingjun".

These four sentences mean: my father saw that I was born extraordinary, and gave me a good name, the name is "Ping", the character name is "Yuan". Wang Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty in the "Chapter and Verse" in the explanation of Qu Yuan's name, said: "Zheng, Ping also; then the law also", "Ling, God also; even, tune also. It is said that there is no one who is more right and level and lawable than heaven, and that there is no one who nourishes and harmonizes things more than God on earth."

So the name "Ping to the law of heaven", the word "original to the law of the earth". With his birth year, month and day with, according to the literal sense, "Ping" is the meaning of justice, Pingzheng is the image of the sky micro; "original" is wide and flat terrain [7], is the image of the earth's micro, Qu Yuan's birth and name is in line with the The birth date and name of Qu Yuan are in line with the three unities of heaven and earth, which are "heaven opened in Zi, earth opened in U, and man born in Yin" [8]. This is just a coincidence in today's view, the original does not matter, but at that time it was considered a good omen.

On the fifth day of the fifth month of every year, there is the custom of rowing a dragon boat, eating rice dumplings, and drinking Xionghuang wine; this is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

Works

Qu Yuan was a poet, and it was only from him that China had writers famous for their literature. He created the genre of "Chu Ci" (which is also known as the genre of "words and fugues"), and is known as "the man of words, not of a generation". Qu Yuan's works, according to the calibration of Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and Wang Yi's annotations, there are 25 pieces, i.e., 1 piece of Li Sao, 1 piece of Tian Wen, 11 pieces of Nine Songs, 9 pieces of Nine Chapters, and 1 piece each of Far Journey, Divination, and Fisherman's Father. According to Sima Qian of the Historical Records of China (史记-屈原列传), there is also a piece called "Invocation of the Soul" (招魂). Some scholars believe that the "big move" is also the work of qu yuan; but some people suspect that the following "far travel" and "nine chapters" in a number of chapters are not from the handwriting of qu yuan. According to Mr. Guo Moruo, Qu Yuan's works, *** passed down 23. Among them, the "Nine Songs" 11, "nine chapters" 9, "Li Sao", "Heavenly Questions", "Invocation" each one.

Broadly speaking, "Li Sao", "Heavenly Questions", and "Nine Songs" can be taken as representative of the three types of Qu Yuan's works. Li Sao" is a magnificent poem made of Qu Yuan's ideals, encounters, sufferings, passions and even his whole life, which shines with distinctive individuality and is the focus of all his creations. The "Questions of Heaven" is a poem written by Qu Yuan based on myths and legends, emphasizing the author's academic attainments and his views on history and nature. The Nine Songs is a musical composition for the gods of Chu, which was processed and embellished by Qu Yuan, and is full of a strong flavor of life in the expression of the feelings of the characters and the description of the atmosphere of the environment. However, it is expressed on behalf of people or gods, not the author's self-expression, and it shows more traces of the Southern Chu literary tradition.

Qu Yuan's works are closely related to mythology. Many of the illusory contents are inherited from the development of myths. Qu Yuan is also a poet concerned about reality, his works reflect the contradictions in the real society, especially in exposing the dark politics of the Chu state is the most profound.

The style of Qu Yuan's works is distinctly different from that of the Book of Songs. This is related to the difference between the folkways of the Yangtze River Valley and the Yellow River Valley. At that time, the north has long entered the patriarchal society, while the Chu land still has the legacy of clan society, the people are tough, lively thinking, not for the rites and laws of the constraints. Therefore, the expression of male and female love, patriotism is so straightforward, and the use of materials, but also so rich, what can run into the bottom of the pen. Write about the love of man and god, write about the crazy and strange people, write about the ancient history and legends, write about the gods and ghosts and monsters, all the gods have the ordinary human nature of the people, the gods are just beyond the ordinary people. They make the works appear colorful, rich in sentiment and exuberant. Such works show a different character from the northern literature.

Institutionally, most of Qu Yuan's previous poems, be it the Book of Songs or the southern folk songs, were short, while Qu Yuan developed into a long and gigantic work. The "Li Sao" has more than 2,400 words in one piece. In terms of expression, Qu Yuan skillfully combined fugue, bi and Xing into one, and used a lot of "vanilla beauty" bi and Xing techniques to vividly express the abstract character, consciousness, and the complex relationship between reality.

In terms of language, Qu Yuan's work breaks through the pattern of four-word sentences in the Book of Songs, with five, six, seven, eight, nine words in each sentence, as well as three-word and cross sentences, and the syntax is staggered and flexible; the end of the sentence is often used in the word "Ruoxi", as well as the word "之"""""于"""""""""""". ", "于"""""乎"""夫"""而", etc., used to harmonize the to harmonize the syllables and create a rhythm of ups and downs and three sighs in one song. In short, his works have great creativity from content to form.