What are the main conditions for industrial development in China?

New industrialization is the realistic choice of China's modernization road. New industrialization and urbanization influence and promote each other. The new industrialization has brought new opportunities, put forward new requirements and provided important impetus for the urbanization development of China. Under the condition of new industrialization, China must speed up the process of urbanization and change the backward situation of urbanization; Adopt multi-channel development strategy to form a reasonable urban system; Grasp the trend of internationalization and promote the construction of information city. Only in this way can China's urbanization reach a new level, which will become an important support for China's new industrialization. China has clearly put forward a new industrialization development strategy, that is, combining industrialization with informatization, promoting industrialization with informatization and promoting informatization with industrialization. It can be predicted that China's economy is expected to achieve rapid development under the conditions of new industrialization in the future. However, this development is not unconditional. From the perspective of mutual influence and promotion between industrialization and urbanization, the rapid development of China's economy urgently needs the support of corresponding urbanization development level.

Nowadays, western developed countries have a high level of industrialization and urbanization, and they have entered the information society era. However, China has to consider three aspects of modernization: industrialization, urbanization and informatization. In order to catch up with the development of world informatization as soon as possible, China put forward a new development idea and strategy of combining industrialization with informatization, and adopted many positive measures to promote it. At the same time, a lot of work has been done in promoting urbanization. This article is not about the development of industrialization, informationization or urbanization, but about the development of urbanization in China under the new industrialization conditions of industrialization and informationization.

First, new industrialization: the realistic choice of China's modernization road

New industrialization means that after the industrialized countries entered the information society in the 1990s, in order to catch up with the modernization of developed countries as soon as possible, they took the road of modernization combining industrialization and informatization.

As the modern development path currently chosen by developing countries, new industrialization is the product under certain social and historical conditions, that is, developed countries have completed the task of industrialization and entered a new information development process, while developing countries have not yet completed the task of industrialization. The process of world information has brought them great pressure for survival and development, which is a new development idea and strategy. Compared with endogenous industrialization and endogenous informatization in the process of industrialization in developed countries, new industrialization has its own characteristics:

1. the combination of industrialization and modernization. The so-called combination of industrialization and informatization is a new development strategy adopted by developing countries when their own industrialization is underdeveloped and developed countries have made great progress in the process of informatization development after industrialization. World economic integration is greatly influenced by informatization in developed countries, which may lead to increased polarization among countries in the world. On the one hand, when industrialization has not been completed, we will not shrink back because of the relative backwardness of our economy, but make positive progress and take the lead to vigorously promote the informationization process of our country; On the other hand, in the process of informatization, we should not give up industrialization, but adjust and revise our industrialization strategy according to the requirements of informatization, so that industrialization and informatization can be organically combined and promoted each other. It can be said that the new industrialization is actually the product of the organic combination of industrialization and informatization, with the characteristics of the combination of industrialization and informatization.

2. Stage overlapping features. Modernization is the goal pursued by all countries in the world, and all countries have the desire to realize modernization. Developed countries have completed the task of industrialization and embarked on the process of informationization; Developing countries are still in the intermediate stage or even the primary stage of industrialization. We know that modernization can only be the standard of international advanced level. It is impossible for any developing country to have a low-level modernization standard, and it is impossible to close its doors and complete the industrialization process at a low level. Of course, it is impossible to go beyond the stage of industrialization and reach the information society directly. Therefore, only through their own efforts, on the basis of absorbing the experience and lessons of modernization in developed countries, can developing countries overlap the two stages of industrialization and informatization to a certain extent, so as not to violate the general laws of traditional industrialization and surpass the stage of industrialization, but also to embark on a new road of industrialization suitable for their own national conditions and keep up with the pace of modernization in developed countries.

3. Span the development characteristics. As a development model combining industrialization and informatization, new industrialization has the characteristics of leap-forward development. The experience of informatization in developed countries shows that informatization is to maximize the development and utilization of information resources under the guidance of national macro-information policies, so as to meet the information needs of the whole society and accelerate the process of modernization in all fields of society. The most important contribution of information technology to national economic and social development is not its own contribution to the gross national product as an industrial sector, but it provides a powerful means to accelerate the development and utilization of information resources, thus generally improving the speed, quality and efficiency of national economic and social development in all fields. The combination of industrialization and informatization can not only greatly improve the speed, quality and benefit of industrial production and shorten the time process of industrialization through the wide application of information technology in industrial production and technological transformation of traditional industries, but also seize the opportunity, give play to the advantages of backwardness, promote the informatization process of China and catch up with the development pace of developed countries as soon as possible. This is the so-called leap-forward development feature.

Judging from the meaning and characteristics of new industrialization, it fully meets the actual situation and development requirements of China. This is because:

1. The task of industrialization in China has not been completely completed. The evaluation of China's industrialization level is a rather complicated issue. According to the information provided, the per capita GDP of China is still very low, and many equipment needed for industrial and agricultural production are imported. At the same time, the industrial structure does not match the labor structure, the transfer of labor force in the primary industry is blocked, and the tertiary industry is underdeveloped. This situation only shows that China's industrialization is still in the primary stage. However, since China has become a world industrial power, the industrial economy has become the main factor of the national economy, and the output of many industrial products has been in the forefront of the world. The added value of the secondary industry has reached 50% of GDP, and it is still in a period of slight increase. The proportion of agriculture and service industry is changing, the employment structure has also changed obviously, and the contribution rate of foreign trade structure, consumption structure and technological progress has increased greatly. China has basically reached the standard in the middle and late stage of industrialization. But in any case, it is certain that the overall level of industrialization in China is not high. Generally speaking, at present, China can only be regarded as having reached the level of mid-industrialization, and the task of industrialization in China has not been completed. China still needs to work hard to accomplish the important task of industrialization.

2. The informatization process in China must be promoted as soon as possible. As we all know, information is one of the most important strategic resources for human beings. Since the middle of this century, human beings have learned to use information resources systematically, especially western countries have developed various intelligent tools to use information resources effectively by virtue of their highly industrialized strength. With the help of such intelligent tools, the social productive forces in the industrial age in western countries have rapidly developed into social productive forces in the information age, and the industrialized society has rapidly transformed into an information society. What is certain is that the further development of informatization in the future will make the development of western developed countries more rapid. China, as a developing country, will widen the gap with western developed countries if it doesn't keep up with the information development of developed countries. Moreover, due to globalization and international economic integration caused by informationization, western developed countries have once again increased their superior strength and possibilities on the basis of their superior position in the past. If developing countries like China don't promote the informatization process quickly, it is entirely possible that they will be more subject to the position of western developed countries. This is why China must seize the opportunity to promote the process of informatization.

It is precisely because of the above reasons that China has chosen the new road of industrialization and started to forge ahead along this road. China held the first national informatization seminar in1986+February, followed by 1988, 1989, 1990, 19 1,1990. In 1990s, China officially started the construction of "Three Gold Projects" and even "Ten Gold Projects", and formed China Internet (commonly known as Information expressway) with relatively complete functions. 199 1 People's Republic of China (PRC)'s ten-year plan and the outline of the eighth five-year plan stipulate that by the year 2000, the proportion of the tertiary industry in the gross national product will increase from about 1/4 to about 1/3. The information industry will gradually become the pillar industry of the national economy. The Outline of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People's Republic of China (PRC), which was adopted at the fourth session of the Ninth National People's Congress in March 2006, not only further stipulated the goal of accelerating the development of information industry and vigorously promoting informatization, but also clearly put forward a new industrialization strategy combining industrialization and informatization. Its basic content is to promote industrial research and development through the application of microelectronics, computer and network technology. Through the application of e-commerce, especially inter-enterprise e-commerce, promote the reform of marketing, transportation and service methods, reduce costs and expand the market scale of industrial products; By promoting the integration of information products with traditional products and the wide application of information technology in new products, the added value of information technology of products is increased; Accelerate the informatization process of enterprise production and management. Therefore, new industrialization is not only necessary but also possible for China. China is taking a new industrialization road that combines industrialization and informatization, which is a realistic choice for China's modernization road.

Second, new industrialization: the basis of accelerating the urbanization process in China.

Cities are carriers of secondary and tertiary industries, and modern cities are products and partners of industrialization. The future city is the product and companion of social informatization based on industrialization. In this sense, industrialization has a great impetus to urbanization, and urbanization and industrialization should also develop together. This is the law proved by the modernization history of western developed countries. At present, China has chosen a new industrialization development path, and China is implementing a new industrialization development strategy. It is certain that the urbanization development of China will be accelerated under the condition of new industrialization, which is the basis of accelerating the urbanization process of China.

1. New industrialization has brought new opportunities to the urbanization development of China. New industrialization is an aggressive development model and strategy adopted by China in order to narrow the gap with developed countries and catch up with the development pace of modernization in developed countries as soon as possible. Its basic goal is to realize modernization industrialization and informatization through scientific and technological progress. Its basic content is to give play to the infiltration and correlation of information technology through the mutual integration of informationization and industrialization, improve industrial competitiveness, give industrialization brand-new content, establish a powerful industrial system supported by high technology, and provide a solid material foundation and place for informationization. China's new industrialization has brought new development opportunities for China's urbanization, including: first, the new development of China's industrialization brought by new industrialization will inevitably require a large number of labor engaged in industrial production, which is basically the same as the development opportunities provided by early industrialization for urbanization; Second, the new development of China's industrialization brought by the new industrialization will inevitably require more laborers engaged in the tertiary industry, that is, the service industry, to enter the city than during the traditional industrialization period, so as to provide various services for the development of the new industrialization; Third, the huge development of emerging information industry in new industrialization inevitably needs to absorb a large number of labor forces that could not be absorbed during the traditional industrialization period to work in cities; Fourthly, the information economy and knowledge economy in the new industrialization need a large number of knowledge-based talents, which inevitably requires vigorously developing higher education and expanding the enrollment scale, which actually provides an important way for the large increase of urban population in China; Fifthly, the new industrialization, which operates according to some effective practices of information economy and knowledge economy, can produce huge economic benefits, which can not only provide material and financial guarantee for the expansion and expansion of China's urbanized cities, but also provide modern consciousness for the change of people's ideas in the urbanization development of China. All these provide an excellent opportunity for the urbanization development of China, which was impossible in the past.

2. New industrialization puts forward new requirements for China's urbanization development. China's new industrialization is a new industrialization development model in a specific environment, and it is also a unique information development model in a specific environment. The new industrialization in China, which combines informationization and industrialization, not only brings good opportunities to the urbanization development in China, but also puts forward new requirements for the urbanization development in China. This is mainly manifested in: first, complete the unfinished urbanization task in the traditional industrialization stage as soon as possible. Although the industrialization level of China is low, the urbanization of China lags behind that of China. Taking 1998 as an example, the proportion of rural population to the total population in that year was 69.6%, which was more than 50 percentage points higher than the proportion of the output value of the primary industry to GDP (18%) and more than 20 percentage points higher than the employed population of the primary industry (49.8%). Under the new industrialization conditions, the industrialization level of China will be further improved, even greatly improved. If the urbanization development in China is not accelerated, the gap between urbanization and industrialization in China will continue to widen. Even if China can reach the development level of modern industrialization, due to the lag of urbanization, it can't reach the real modernization level. Therefore, China's urbanization development must make up lessons. Of course, this kind of make-up lesson is not a make-up lesson that returns to the traditional industrialization process, but a leap-forward make-up lesson under the new industrialization conditions through the combination of informationization and industrialization. Second, strengthen urbanization under the conditions of informationization. Under the condition of informationization, the world urbanization is developing in a new direction. New urban concepts such as world cities, international cities and information cities are constantly emerging, and new urbanization practices are also being carried out in various countries. In the book Information City, M. castel believes that in the information age, the interaction of technology, society and space, as the material basis of our lives, has gradually produced a new "city-region" process, and the new international division of labor has accelerated the process of world urbanization, so the rise of information cities has become a necessity. This shows that in the era of global networking and international economic integration, and in the process of new industrialization, China's information-based city construction can not be slackened for a moment. This is a new requirement of the informationization of new industrialization for the urbanization of China. Third, we should adapt to the requirements of industrialization and information development. Industrialization and informatization in the new industrialization are not separated from each other, but should be organically combined. Its fundamental feature is that informatization drives industrialization and industrialization promotes informatization. Therefore, the urbanization of China should also promote the development of industrialized cities with information cities as the basis and supporting space for the development of information cities, so as to accelerate the urbanization process of China and improve the urbanization level of China.

3. The new industrialization has provided an important impetus for the urbanization development of China. The development of world urbanization since modern times shows that industrialization has a great impetus to urbanization. New industrialization is a new development model in the new period of industrialization in China. It has the characteristics of industrialization and informatization. The combination of the two will certainly provide greater impetus for the urbanization development of China. These developments include many aspects. The first is the driving force. New industrialization uses information technology, including high-tech and advanced applicable technologies, to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and further update, transform and develop traditional industries under new technological conditions; The new industrialization will focus on the development of high-tech industries and accelerate the development of information technology, bioengineering technology and new material technology; According to the requirements of information economy and knowledge economy, new industrialization will vigorously develop service industry and accelerate infrastructure construction. The development of these new industrialization not only puts forward new requirements for the urbanization of China, but also provides material and economic impetus for the urbanization of China. The second is tension. Under the condition of new industrialization, due to the role of information gap and knowledge gap, the gap between urban and rural areas, especially between urban and rural areas, will be further widened in a certain period of information economy and knowledge economy, and urban life will be more attractive to rural population than before. In this case, the rural population will be more eager for urban life than before, or they will find jobs in cities or build cities on the spot to live urban life. This is a kind of tension, a kind of tension from new industrialization. The third is the expansion force. Under the condition of new industrialization, due to the role of information technology, the expansion capacity of the city will be greatly increased, and some suburbs near the city will soon become part of the city, because it is necessary to use this appropriate space to develop new technology industries; Some areas far away from cities may become satellite cities because of the application of information technology, thus gradually realizing urbanization. In a word, information technology has enhanced the expansion capacity of the city and played a very important role in promoting the urbanization development of China. Finally, the carrying capacity. New industrialization has changed the industrial model of big industry, big machine and big workshop in the traditional industrialization period, and replaced it with small factories, machines and workshops, which has made the urban space reintegrated, greatly improved the utilization rate and greatly increased the population that the city can accommodate. This is a special driving force created by the new industrialization for the urbanization of China, that is, the carrying capacity. In a word, new industrialization, as an important road of China's industrialization and modernization, will greatly promote China's urbanization development and make China's urbanization development enter a new stage of rapid and high-quality development.

Third, the new industrialization: the corresponding countermeasures for the development of urbanization in China

China has clearly put forward a new industrialization development strategy, that is, combining industrialization with informatization, promoting industrialization with informatization and promoting informatization with industrialization. It can be predicted that China's economy is expected to achieve rapid development under the conditions of new industrialization in the future. However, this development is not unconditional. From the perspective of mutual influence and promotion between industrialization and urbanization, the rapid development of China's economy urgently needs the support of corresponding urbanization development level. Therefore, according to the overall requirements of new industrialization for urbanization development, it is very necessary to put forward corresponding countermeasures for urbanization development in China under the conditions of new industrialization.

1. Accelerate the development of urbanization and change the backward situation of urbanization. Judging from the horizontal gap between urbanization and industrialization, the urbanization development of all countries in the world can be roughly divided into four situations: first, synchronous urbanization, second, excessive urbanization, third, under-urbanization and fourth, reverse urbanization. Synchronous urbanization refers to an organic urbanization mode in which the level of urbanization and industrialization tends to be consistent, urbanization is directly proportional to economic development, and urban population growth is adapted to urban development. This is a reasonable urbanization development model, which can promote urbanization, industrialization and socio-economic development. Excessive urbanization means that the speed of urbanization in a country greatly exceeds the speed of industrialization. Urbanization is not based on a certain level of industrialization and economic development, but is mainly promoted by the traditional tertiary industry. The low quality of urbanization is not conducive to the healthy development of a country's economy and society, but it is easy to cause many urban diseases. Lagging urbanization means that the urbanization level of a country lags behind the industrialization level, and the urbanization development lags behind the economic development. This urbanization development model is not conducive to giving full play to the agglomeration effect of cities, and it has a serious obstacle to the industrialization and modernization process of a country and the popularization of urban civilization. Anti-urbanization refers to the urbanization development mode in which the population in the center of a big city is suburbanization and the layout of satellite towns in the periphery of the big city is scattered, which is the expression of a country's high urbanization.

China is still a country with backward urbanization. At present, the urbanization level of China is about 32%. From the international comparison, the urbanization level of China lags behind that of China by about 1 1-22 percentage points. According to the statistics of the World Bank, China's per capita GNP was $860 in197. In the same year, the average urbanization level of 12 countries with per capita GNP of 630- 1090 dollars in the world was 4 1.3%, while China was lower than this average level by 1 1 percentage point. According to the purchasing power parity index of the World Bank, the per capita GNP of China in197 was $3,570. In the same year, the average urbanization level of 28 countries with a per capita GNP of $2040-4840 in the world was 52.6%, while that of China was less than 22 percentage points. China has not only a low level of urbanization, but also a slow pace of urbanization. 1978- 1998, the urbanization level of China increased by 0.63 percentage points annually; During the period of 1995- 1998, the urbanization level of China only increased by 0.47 percentage points every year.

It is a long-standing fact that China's urbanization lags behind, which is extremely disproportionate to China's industrialization development and greatly hinders China's industrialization. Under the condition of new industrialization, China's economy will develop faster, and the low-level urbanization can't meet the development requirements of the combination of industrialization and informatization in China. If the level of urbanization in China is in the current state for a long time, and the urbanization process in China keeps the current speed for a long time, it will not only seriously affect the development process of urbanization in China, but also seriously affect the development pace of new industrialization in China. Therefore, under the condition of new industrialization, the situation that China's urbanization lags behind industrialization must be changed, and China must vigorously promote the development of China's urbanization. At present, the basic goal of China's urbanization development should be to accelerate the pace of urbanization development based on the development goal of new industrialization, so that the level of urbanization in China can reach the level suitable for China's industrialization, and then reach the level suitable for China's new industrialization development. Only in this way can China's urbanization become a strong support for China's new industrialization.

2. Adopt multi-channel development strategy to form a reasonable urban system. According to different development priorities, the development of urbanization in countries around the world can be roughly divided into three ways: first, focus on developing big cities, second, focus on developing small and medium-sized cities, and third, focus on building small towns. Focusing on the development of big cities means expanding the original big cities into mega-cities, or expanding the original small and medium-sized cities into big cities. In the process of urban expansion, a large number of rural people are absorbed or included in the urban population, so as to realize the transformation from rural population to urban population and achieve the goal of promoting urbanization. Focus on developing small and medium-sized cities includes three situations: expanding the original small and medium-sized cities, upgrading some established towns into cities, and building some new small and medium-sized cities. The main purpose of developing small and medium-sized cities is to promote the rational distribution of cities in regional space, and of course, more rural population can be transformed into urban population, thus promoting urbanization. Focus on the construction of small towns, that is, rural communities. According to the actual situation of local economic and social development, through the development of rural industry and commerce, we will actively promote the rural population to gather in some relatively convenient places such as transportation and communication, and gradually form the urbanization development path of some small towns.

With regard to the development of urbanization, it can be said that China has always adopted the practice of abandoning the big and seeking the small, that is, restricting the development of big cities and focusing on developing small and medium-sized cities, especially small towns. In fact, the theoretical circle has always had different views on this issue, which has formed some disputes. Some people advocate that China should take the development road of small town construction and focus on developing small towns; It is suggested that China should take the road of developing small and medium-sized cities and focus on building them. Some people think that China should take the road of developing big cities, focusing on developing big cities and urban agglomerations. For some reason, the government put forward: "strictly control the scale of big cities and rationally develop small and medium-sized cities." However, in recent years, many people in China have put forward different opinions and demands on this formulation, and their voices are getting louder and louder. In any case, people do have great objections to the idea of strictly controlling the size of big cities at present. With the integration, informationization, networking and globalization of the world economy, it seems impossible for China, as a country actively implementing the new industrialization strategy and hoping to catch up with the world informatization process, not to develop big cities and even metropolitan areas. This is one of the problems that must be paid attention to when considering the development path of urbanization in China under the condition of new industrialization in China.

The research on urbanization shows that large, medium and small cities and small towns play different roles in the process of urbanization, and their functions are both indispensable and complementary. The scale structure of a city is determined by the inherent law of urban development and the result of market choice. Wood can take the scale of a city as the basis for formulating urban development policies, and cannot emphasize another aspect at the expense of one aspect. According to the specific situation of China, megacities in China are generally provincial regional economic, technological and information centers, while megacities are generally provincial regional economic, technological and information centers. Most small and medium-sized cities are the main carriers of national manufacturing industry, which can radiate and drive the surrounding small towns, while small towns can promote the development of rural economy, promote the transformation of potential urbanization to obvious urbanization, and alleviate the pressure of urban population in a certain period of time. Based on the above considerations, the author believes that at present, China's urbanization development road must not take the road of choosing the big and seeking the small, but should take the multi-channel urbanization road of coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns. This will not only accelerate the development of urbanization in China, but also help to improve the quality of urbanization in China, form a reasonable urban system in China, and enhance the overall competitiveness and development capacity of China. This is the development road of urbanization in China that is compatible with the development of new industrialization.