Cultural Knowledge of Hakka Songs

Hakka songs have a wide range of contents and simple and vivid language. The lyrics make good use of the picaresque and the rhyme scheme is neat and tidy. The following is an introduction to the knowledge of Hakka songs culture, welcome to read, just for reference!

I. Introduction to Hakka Mountain Songs

Hakka Mountain Songs, known as the celestial music with the legacy of the "Poetry Scriptures", has a history of more than a thousand years since the Tang Dynasty. It is mainly circulated in Meizhou, Heyuan, Huizhou, Ganzhou, Longyan, Shaoguan counties, as well as Yantian, Longgang, Shiyan, Guanlan in Shenzhen, Zhangzhou, Lianjiang in Zhanjiang, Dianbai in Maoming, Chaoyang, Chaonan in Shantou, Luhe, Lufeng in Shantou, Jieyang Jiexi, Raooping in Chiaosu, Hezhou, Bobai, Luchuan in Guangxi, Nanfeng in Danzhou, Hainan, Yiling, Liuyang in Hunan, and Miaoli, Hsin-chu and Taoyuan in Taiwan, and domestic and overseas Hakka people Hakka people at home and abroad. Through continuous development, Hakka songs have attracted the attention of the world, and on May 20, 2006, Meizhou Hakka songs were approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

It inherited the traditional style from the Book of Songs, and was greatly influenced by the Tang poem Ritsuji and Bamboo Poetry, while at the same time absorbing the excellent components of folk songs from all over the south, and has been widely circulated and sung for thousands of years.

Hakka songs include labor songs, persuasive songs, industry songs, juggling songs, show off songs, false and mysterious songs, pulling over songs, riddle songs, and guessing tunes, ditties, bamboo songs, etc.

Various kinds of songs have been written in the traditional style.

The structure of the various lyrics is more or less the same, with four lines per song, seven characters per line, and a flat rhyme in the first, second and fourth lines.

She has a rich repertoire of tunes, including the Horn Mountain Song, the Positive Plate Mountain Song, the Four Sentence Eight Section Mountain Song, the Fast Plate Mountain Song, the Stacked Plate Mountain Song, and the Five Sentence Plate Mountain Song, among others.

Source

Hakka songs are one of the most influential and important types of Hakka folk songs, which are sung in Hakka dialect, inherited the traditional style of "The Book of Songs", and were influenced by the Tang Dynasty poems and bamboo lyrics, while absorbing the excellent components of folk songs from all over the south, and have become a system of their own, with an outstanding style. In terms of subject matter, it includes labor songs, persuasive songs, industry songs, juggling songs, current affairs songs, ceremonial songs, love songs, life songs, children's songs, and guessing tunes, ditties, bamboo songs, etc. The songs are rich in tunes, mainly trumpets, dirges, and other tunes. The songs are rich in tunes, mainly including the trumpet song and the main board song, four lines and eight stanzas of the song, the quick board song, the stacked board song, the five lines of the board song, etc., with very beautiful melodies. The structure of various lyrics is largely the same, four lines per song, seven words per line, the first, second, and fourth lines of the rhyme; make good use of the technique, especially in the pun, the language is vivid and colloquial, rhyming catchy.

Three, Hakka songs form the background

Hakka songs are the oral literature of the Hakka people, which is rich in Hakka language characteristics, the formation of folk songs in the independent one. The Hakka people, because of their environment, work all day long in the fields and mountains, and both men and women, no? There is no strict difference between men's work outside and women's work inside. There is no strict difference between men's work outside and women's work inside. Hakka character, most of the simplicity and endurance, little lethargy and pomposity, preserving the ancient Central Plains people's style. All of these are quite related to the creation of Hakka songs. Any kind of art has its social background and historical origin. The reason for the popularity of mountain songs in the Hakka area is due to the following four reasons:

Firstly, the Hakka people are mostly located in the mountainous areas of the provinces in the south-east of China, where their daily life is similar to that of the Hakka people in the mountains. mountain? The Hakka custom is that women and men are equally responsible for all kinds of operations in the mountains, and in the long-term mountain **** with the work, men and women talk to each other about their feelings is expected, and the mountain songs are words with sound and rhyme, which can express their feelings better than the general language.

Secondly, the Hakka live in mountainous areas, work more hard, once walked to the mountains or the valley of the wilderness, can not help but feel happy, and want to sing a few songs to vent their feelings.

Third, in the old days, the Hakka did not have other more complete and universal folk entertainment, usually inhibit the emotions can not get proper vent, and singing songs is a popular entertainment, so the general men and women on it have *** with the favorite.

Fourth, in the Hakka society, the old rituals are very strict, usually in the family or in the countryside, men and women maintain strict boundaries, in addition to the couple relationship, social activities between men and women is very rare. Even between husband and wife, there are few easy life programs. As they are overly restrained at home, it is as if their spirit is liberated when they go to the mountains, so they will naturally sing mountain songs.

In terms of the content and nature of Hakka songs, they can be roughly divided into the following three categories: First, they are self-indulgent or self-expression, singing may not have an object, sometimes alone, a person can hum a few lines to spice up the mood of the dry. The second is the flirtatious songs between men and women, which is the most important part of Hakka songs. Third, it is a playful song, that is, one of the men and women to the other side of the first playful attitude to sing a song, the other side, if the reaction of each other to the song to ridicule each other, such as no reaction, you can know that she (he) is an honest or will not be able to sing the song of the people, it can be even more indulgent up.

Four, category

The number of mountain songs, also known as the mountain song. It is also known as the mountain song bugle. Yohoha? and other liner notes, only one long musical phrase, carried out in the treble area between two or three adjacent tones, loose board, free rhythm, sung in falsetto, high voice.

Zhengban shangsong is also known as four-sentence board shangsong. It consists of four phrases, with a neat and symmetrical structure, and is one of the most common forms of Hakka songs.

Four lines and eight stanzas The lyrics are four lines, and the eight stanzas are eight phrases. The lyrics are divided into two phrases, and the words are interspersed with a large number of interludes. The tune is developed on the basis of the main plate mountain song. The tune is developed on the basis of the main board mountain song.

The fast plate song is also called the rapid plate song. The lyrics have no liner notes, and the tune has no drag. It is the use of the tune of the original plate song, the rhythm of the tightening, will speed up the speed to sing.

The song is also known as the superimposed word mountain song. The lyrics are inserted with a lot of superimposed words and phrases, sometimes up to several 10 words. The beginning and end of the tune basically retains the characteristics of the main board songs, and the middle is due to the use of superimposed words and phrases to expand the tune, singing is similar to the number of boards.

The lyrics are 7 words and 5 lines, and the tune is an expansion of the original song.

Fifth, the expression

Hakka songs to the invisible thoughts and feelings into a concrete, visible, vivid and touching artistic image, often using a variety of vivid expression, mainly: metaphor, punning, overlap, straight narrative, contrast, comparison, couplets, top true, hyperbole, split the word and so on eleven.

Lang has a heart to sister has a heart, the two are just like a line and a needle;

The silver needle is not away from the silk thread, the silk thread is not away from the silver needle.

This song uses the simile ? It is a metaphor for the love between a man and a woman.

Hakka songs have a wide range of subjects, implicit meaning, and make good use of the technique of simile, especially puns, the language is vivid and common, rhymes with catchy. The language is vivid and vulgar, and the rhymes are catchy. Lang have heart to sister have heart, pestle and mortar grinding into embroidery needle; Lang tie needle to sister tie line, needle line three steps line to find. This mountain song uses the metaphor? Just like? Directly to the men and women are not separated from the love affair is always never separated from the needle and thread, easy to understand, the image can be seen, the true feelings, vivid and vivid;? The kernel of an olive is not round enough to be eaten, but it's hard to talk nonsense about love; a dumb man eats a single chopstick, but it's hard for him to say what he wants to become a pair. The song utilizes vivid metaphors and is used to express the feelings of love and admiration for each other, but it is difficult to speak up, which is euphemistic and intriguing.

Sixth, artistic characteristics

1. Strong feelings, rich imagination

Newly hit the ring nine consecutive rings, a chain of nine years;

Nine days to eighty-one, but also love each other nineteen years.

Everything in the Hakka song has feelings and life, the ring was originally no feelings of jewelry, but the ring in the song has become a witness of love, showing that men and women with a good hundred years of passionate love.

2. Distinctive image, fresh mood

Into the mountains to see the vine entangled tree, out of the mountains to see the tree entangled vine;

Tree death vine life entangled in death, vine death tree death death also entangled.

With the specific image of the mountain vine entangled in the tree, death is not separated, a metaphor for a pair of lovers on the love of fidelity, life and death of the noble feelings and strong will to fall in love.

3. Lyric and narrative, all in one

Seeing my sister carrying a hundred and twenty-three burdens, I was shocked;

I wanted to share with you how much I wanted to share with you, but I didn't dare to say anything when I saw so many people.

The song describes the Hakka girl's diligence and ability to carry a burden of one hundred and twenty to thirty pounds over a long period of time, which surprised and distressed the man, and at the same time, carefully portrayed the complex feelings of the young man's concern for his lover, but also his fear of shyness.

The new house is a four-square house, which has been made into a lower hall;

It has been made into three rooms and three sets of houses, and the girl has been asked if she loves the corridor.

The song uses the structure of the Hakka housing to test the meaning of the lovers, and the meaning is implicit, relevant and vivid. The listener seems to see a naive young man eager to know the girl's heart, so he uses the object as a metaphor for love, borrowing? The story is about a young man who is eager to know the girl's feelings. and? Lang? The technique of "Kayin pun" is a clever and euphemistic way to test his favorite girl.

Seven, the Hakka mountain song inheritance and development

1. inheritance

Hakka mountain song melodious, almost all tunes in the vibrato, gliding, leaning and other decorative sounds, so that the melody becomes a loop and twists and turns, euphemistic and melodious. Hakka songs are sung in a variety of styles, including Songkou Original Plate Song, Meixian District Song, Xingning Luogang Song, Jiaoling Changtan Song, and Daipo Xihe Song. Hakka songs have a wide range of subjects, implicit meaning, make good use of the technique of simile, especially puns, and the language is vivid and common, rhyming and catchy. The language is vivid and vulgar, and the rhymes are catchy. Lang has the heart to sister has the heart, pestle and mortar grinding into embroidery needle; Lang tie needle to sister tie line, needle line three steps line to find. This mountain song uses the metaphor? Just like? Directly to the men and women are not separated from the love affair is always never separated from the needle and thread, easy to understand, the image can be seen, the true feelings, vivid and vivid;? The kernel of an olive is not round enough to be eaten, but it's hard to talk nonsense about love; a dumb man eats a single chopstick, but it's hard for him to say what he wants to become a pair. The song utilizes vivid metaphors and puns to express the feelings of love and admiration for each other, but it is difficult to talk about it, which is euphemistic and intriguing.

Hakka songs have a strong artistic imagination. Such as:? The new hit ring nine consecutive rings, a chain of nine years; nine to eighty-one, but also love each other for nineteen years. Hakka songs in all things are feelings, life, the ring was originally no feelings of jewelry, but it is generally more for? But it is usually used as a token of love. Therefore, the ring in the song has become a witness of love, showing the passionate love between men and women who have been together for a hundred years;? When I saw my sister carrying a hundred and twenty-three burdens, I was shocked; I wanted to share with you how much, but I didn't dare to say anything because of the many people. The song describes the Hakka girl hard-working and capable, long-distance can carry a burden of one hundred and twenty-three pounds, so that the man for the surprise of the heartache, at the same time, detailed portrayal of the male youth on the lover both concerned about the complexity of the mood of shyness, lyrical narration, all in one.

2. Development

Xu Peidong, a famous composer, believes that Hakka songs have been passed down for thousands of years, retaining many components of the ancient language, and have a high appreciation value. As an art form, it should also keep up with the times, be innovative on the basis of the original songs, and use today's vision and the characteristics of the times to scrutinize the songs as inspiration to incorporate Hakka flavor into the creation of songs.

Chen Xiaoqi, a famous composer, pointed out that the Hakka mountain song is limited by the limitation of language, which restricts its dissemination in the country. However, its melody is second to none in the country, and there can be greater changes in the arrangement, and the structure is only four or five sentences, so there is more room for development. He said that the Hakka music is very rich in creative material, the art world has not been sufficiently explored.

Yan Su, a famous lyricist, believes that Hakka songs have great potential for artistic development and value. He said: ? The improvisation and ambiguity of the Hakka songs and the more than 100 different tunes have inspired us all. We will use the musical melody of Hakka songs to create a number of new songs with a sense of the times and Hakka flavor to carry forward the Hakka songs.

Experts believe that to revitalize and prosper the Hakka folk song culture, we should take a two-pronged approach: not only to organize and preserve the original folk song materials, but also to encourage the creation of new folk songs with the flavor of the times. The tradition and the times together, so that the traditional songs glow with the artistic charm of the times, so as to drive and promote the development of the local economy.