What is the principle of X-ray?

The principle of X-ray generation is that the accelerated electrons hit the metal target, and during the impact, the electrons suddenly decelerate, and the lost kinetic energy is released in the form of photons, forming a continuous part of the X-ray spectrum. By increasing the accelerating voltage, the energy carried by the electrons increases and the inner electrons of the metal atoms are knocked out. So the inner layer forms holes, and the outer layer electrons jump back to the inner layer to fill the holes, and at the same time emit photons with a wavelength of about .1 nm.

X-rays are generated by the tough radiation of electrons. When metals are bombarded with high-energy electrons, X-rays can be generated if the energy of electrons is high. The inner electron transition of atoms can also produce X-rays. According to the theory of quantum mechanics, electrons will radiate photons when they transition from high energy level to low energy level. If the energy difference between energy levels is relatively large, they can emit photons in the X-ray band.

Extended information:

Application of X-rays

1. X-rays are applied to medical diagnosis. Because X-rays are absorbed in different degrees when they pass through the human body, they carry the information of the density distribution of various parts of the human body, and the intensity of fluorescence or sensitization caused on the fluorescent screen or photographic film is quite different, so shadows with different densities will be displayed on the fluorescent screen or photographic film (after development and fixation).

2. The application of X-rays in treatment mainly depends on its biological effect. When X-rays with different energy are applied to irradiate the cell tissue of human lesions, the irradiated cell tissue can be destroyed or inhibited, thus achieving the purpose of treating some diseases, especially tumors.

3. industrial field. X-ray can excite fluorescence, ionize gas, and make photosensitive latex sensitive, so X-ray can be detected and studied in the fields of ionization meter, scintillation counter and photosensitive latex sheet. The lattice structure of crystal can produce significant diffraction effect on X-ray, and X-ray diffraction method has become an important means to study crystal structure, morphology and various defects.

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