Classical Chinese on education and teaching

1. China's ancient famous sentence about education 1, turn people into customs, you must learn it. -from the Book of Rites. Xue Ji compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.

It means that if a gentleman wants to educate people and create good customs, he must start with education. It is expressed that the greatest responsibility of education is not to pass on knowledge, but to change customs and traditions. Reflect the social standard theory.

2, the king of ancient times, the founding of the country and the people, teaching first. -from the Book of Rites. Xue Ji compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.

Ancient kings founded the country and governed the people, all of which put education first. It embodies the educational view of social standard theory.

3, Tao and Fu pull, strong and Fu suppress, open and. -from the Book of Rites. Xue Ji compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.

It means guiding students, not leading them; Encourage students, not suppress them; Inspire students, not draw conclusions for them. Reflect the inspiring teaching principle.

4. Learn from time to time-The Analects of Confucius and his disciples.

It is not bad to learn from time to time.

Confucius said, "Isn't it a pleasant thing to learn the truth of treating people and practice it in time?" "

5. Review the past and learn the new-The Analects of Confucius and its political disciples

The original text is: Confucius said: review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher.

It means: Confucius said: "Review old knowledge (referring to what you have learned) and gain new knowledge (referring to what you have not learned). Such a person can be a teacher. " Reflect the principle of consolidating teaching.

2. Ancient teacher prose

Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.

Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools.

What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches and studies the sentences of the book, is not the person I call telling his story and solving his confusion.

I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other.

The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. "

Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Saint impermanence teacher.

Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius.

Confucius said: If there are three people, there must be a teacher. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.

Li is seventeen years old, and he is good at classical Chinese, but there are some works in "All-knowing Six Arts", so he studies from time to time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who relies on him to impart truth, teach knowledge and solve difficult problems.

People are not born to understand reason, who can have no doubts? Doubt, if you don't learn from the teacher, those who become difficult problems will never be able to answer. Born before me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I (should) follow him and regard him as a teacher; Born behind me, (if) he understands the truth before me, I will (should) follow him and regard him as a teacher.

I am learning from him. Who cares if he was born earlier or later than me? Therefore, regardless of (status) and (age), the (place) where truth exists is the (place) where the teacher is. Alas, it's not a long time to learn from teachers about this (ancient) fashion, and it's hard for people not to doubt it! Ancient saints, far beyond the average person, also (want to) consult teachers; Now ordinary people are far below saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers.

Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more ignorant. The reason why a saint can become a saint and a fool becomes a fool is probably here! Love his children and choose a teacher to teach him.

It is shameful for him to follow the teacher. (Really) confused! Those children's teachers are (teachers) who teach children words and (help them) learn to break sentences, not (teachers) who (can) teach those (big) truths and solve those (big) problems. If you don't understand the words, you can't solve the difficult problem. Some (in books) learn from teachers, and some (actually) don't learn from teachers. I don't see the kind of person who (understands) things, but (on the contrary) gives up (doesn't learn) in small ways! Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other.

Scholars (people) call themselves "teachers" and "disciples" and so on. Many people get together and laugh at others. Ask them (why are you laughing) and they will say, "That (person) and that (person) are about the same age and have similar moral knowledge. It is shameful to treat a person with a low status as a teacher, and it is almost flattering to treat a person with a high official position as a teacher! " Alas! Obviously (from these words), the good habit of following the teacher (learning) can't be recovered.

Witch doctors, musicians, craftsmen, gentlemen think (yes) nothing, but now their knowledge is not as good as (them), how strange! Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius studied under Tan Zixue, Changhong, Shi Xianghe and Lao Dan. These people, Tan Zi, are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher."

Therefore, students are not necessarily (forever) inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily (in all aspects) more talented than students. The only difference between teachers and students is that they listen to the truth early and listen to the truth late. They have (each) expertise in learning and skills, and that's all. The Li family's child (called Pan) is seventeen years old and likes ancient Chinese. He generally studied the Six Classics and was not restricted by customs (the literati at that time were ashamed to learn from me).

I praised him for taking the right path of the ancients (learning from the teacher), so I wrote a teacher's comment for him. Background: Shi Shuo was when Han Yu was a doctor in the fourth school in the eighteenth year of Tang Zhenyuan (AD 802). This paper expounds the important role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers and the principles of selecting teachers.

He criticized the erroneous idea that the scholar-officials were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time and advocated the atmosphere of learning from teachers. At the same time, it is also a public reply and solemn refutation to those detractors.

The author shows that anyone can be his own teacher and should not refuse to learn modestly because of status or age difference. At the end of the article, Confucius testified with his own words and deeds, explaining that seeking advice and attaching importance to Taoism is a practice since ancient times, and people should not abandon the ancient road at that time.

3. Educating ancient prose Xunzi advised students /know/hist/book2 1.ht teacher said that Han Yugu's scholar must have a teacher.

Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.

Before I was born, I heard Tao, so I learned from it. After I was born, I learned Tao, and I learned from Tao first. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

Ha ha! Teachers' teaching has been handed down for a long time, so it's hard not to be confused. The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers.

So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused.

This is not what I call the boy's teacher. He teaches and learns their sentences from readers. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.

Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers are not ashamed to learn from each other. Say "teacher" and "disciple" of the scholar-bureaucrat home cloud, then gather and laugh.

When asked, he said: he is almost the same as that year, and the way is similar. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone.

Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers all look down on a gentleman, but today their wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan.

Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher."

So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. There is a sequence of knowledge, and there is specialization in the industry, that's all.

Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

4. I hope the classical Chinese about learning will help you: a gentleman said: you can't learn.

Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice, water, but colder than water. The wood in the middle of the rope is straight, the hammer is a wheel, and its curve is in the middle of the gauge.

Although there are (and) storms (exposure), those who no longer stand up will let it be natural. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.

So, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know the height of the sky. Don't face the deep stream, I don't know the thickness of the ground; I didn't know the greatness of learning until I heard the last words of my late king. The sons of Gan, Yue, Yi and Xun are born with the same voice, long and different, and naturally teach them.

The poem says, "Dear Sir, there is no constant rest. Jing * * *, good is integrity.

Listen to God and you will be blessed. "God is greater than Tao, and joy is greater than harmlessness.

I've been thinking about it all day. I might as well learn it in a minute. I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking.

Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim.

A gentleman's life (xìng) is the same, and goodness is illusory. In the south, there is a bird named Meng Dui, whose nest is feathers, whose hair is woven and whose reed is tied. When the wind breaks, the egg broken child dies.

The nest is endless, but so are the people connected with it. There is a kind of wood in the west called Shegan. Its stem is four inches long, and it was born on a high mountain. However, in the abyss, the wooden pole can't grow out, but it stands naturally.

In the bitter fleabane bitter fleabane, I can't bear to go straight; White sand is nirvana, and it is black. Lan Huaigen is zhi, and his gradual fall (incarnation) makes a gentleman unwilling to kiss and refuse to accept.

Its quality is not beautiful, but it is also gradual. Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is born, and he must be a scholar when he travels. Therefore, we must also guard against evil and righteousness.

Everything has a beginning and an end. When honor or disgrace comes, it will be like virtue.

A rotten adult makes a fish wither into a moth (dU). Ignoring and forgetting your body is a disaster.

Strong cultivation, soft cultivation. Evil is in the body, and resentment is in the structure.

Wages are the same, the fire is dry, the ground is the same, and the water is wet. Vegetation is born, birds and animals are numerous, and things are human beings.

Is a piece of nature, bows and arrows are very important; Lin, and the axe is heavy; Trees provide shade, but birds rest. Acyl acid, but Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Therefore, words are troublesome, actions are humiliating, and gentlemen are cautious about words! Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river.

Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved.

Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous.

Therefore, people with ulterior motives have no bright future; He made much ado about nothing, which has nothing to do with hehe. Those who follow the right path will not come, and those who follow the right path will not allow it.

Eyes can't see, ears can't hear. The viper flies without feet, and the mouse is poor in five skills.

"Poetry" said: "The corpse dove is in Sang, and her son is seven. A good gentleman with noble character is always a polite person.

Its clumsy, heart knot! "So the gentleman with a also. I used to play drums, but the fish flowed out to listen; Boya Guqin, while Liu Ma raises Yuan.

Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the line is not hidden but not shaped. Jade is moist in the mountains, pearls are born in the deep, and cliffs are not withered.

Do good without accumulating evil? Did anyone not hear? Learn evil from scratch? Evil in the end? Yue: its number begins with chanting and ends with reading ceremony; Its significance begins with being a scholar and ends with being a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter, and if you learn, you will stop. Therefore, there is an end to the number of students. If it is just, it cannot be abandoned for a moment.

For it, people are also; Give up, so do animals. Therefore, this book is the discipline of political affairs; Poet, the stop of the middle voice; Etiquette, the main points of law, class discipline.

Therefore, learning must stop at ceremony. Husband is called the extreme of morality.

The respect of ceremony, the harmony of music, the abundance of poetry and books, the micro-spring and autumn, between heaven and earth. The learning of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart, in the four bodies, and in the dynamic shape.

Finally, as long as you move, you can become a law. The knowledge of villains is also heard, not spoken; Between the mouth and ears, four inches, seven feet of beauty! Ancient scholars were themselves, and today's scholars are people.

The study of a gentleman is also for beauty; Little people learn that birds are calves. Therefore, if you don't ask, you will be proud of it, and if you ask, you will be proud of it.

Proud, no, ooh, no; A gentleman is like a ring. Learn not to be close to others.

Rites and music are not mentioned, poetry and books are not cut, and the Spring and Autumn Period is unhappy. If you learn from a gentleman, you will respect him all over the world.

Therefore, learning ink is almost close to people. Learning classics is not as fast as learning good people, followed by long rituals.

You can't be a good person in the world, and you can't be a gift in the next life. Ante can learn miscellaneous knowledge, poetry and books. Then, in the last poor years, it is inevitable that there will be rude Confucianism.

The original king, benevolence and righteousness, then courtesy is in its latitude and longitude. If you pat your collar with five fingers, there will be countless followers.

If you don't respect the constitution, take the poetry book as an example, and refer to the river, the millet and the cone-shaped rice pot, you can't get it. Therefore, although Longli is unknown, he is also a lawyer; If you don't give a long gift, you will scatter Confucianism, although you will argue.

If you ask, don't sue; Don't ask if you told anyone; Don't listen to those who talk. Don't argue with people who live up to expectations.

Therefore, we should learn from it and then pick it up; Avoid it unless it is the way. Therefore, return the courtesy before you can talk to the parties; Words are fluent, and then words and deeds can be consistent and justified; Therefore, color can be followed by words and actions.

Therefore, it cannot be said in words that this is pride; Can have nothing to say, that is hidden; In terms of color, it is called sorrow. Therefore, a gentleman is not proud, not hiding, not jealous, let nature take its course.

The poem says: "bandits are free, and the son of heaven gives them." This is also called.

One shot in every shot is not good enough to shoot; A thousand miles is not enough, and good is not enough; Learning badly is because ethics has nothing to do with human nature. Those who learn well will learn well.

Once in the way, once in the way, the person who draws the lane is also; There are fewer good people, more bad people, and stealing feet. All the people, and scholars. A gentleman knows that her husband is not perfect and can't think of beauty, so he recites it consistently and thinks it over, so as to treat others and educate people.

Let eyes don't want to see, mouth don't want to say, and heart don't want to worry. When you are good at time, your eyes are good with five colors, your ears are good with five tones, your mouth is good with five flavors, and your heart benefits the world.

Therefore, rights cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken. Life depends on reason, death depends on reason, and husband is called virtue.

Fuck, then you decide, then you decide, then you respond. If a husband can respond positively, he is an adult.

The sky sees its light and the earth sees its light, and the gentleman values all this. Translation.

5. What is the teaching goal of classical Chinese in junior high school? The teacher summed it up as: salty, fluent and perfect. For example, when explaining the word "nothing", explaining the reason of "nothing" with China's word-making method can deepen students' understanding of this word. From the beginning of this class, I am most interested in Wang Ti's positioning of the teaching objectives of classical Chinese, which he believes should be the center of the teaching objectives of classical Chinese. Not the topic of the article. I quite agree with this. First of all, the definition of junior middle school classical Chinese in the new curriculum standard is that students can read simple classical Chinese, learn to look it up in a dictionary and pay attention to tools. Although we also advocate new ideas and methods of classical Chinese education, I think the reason why classical Chinese teaching makes us have a headache in Chinese teaching is that the words are abstruse and difficult to understand, so it is not a problem to understand. In the teaching of classical Chinese, we must first solve the reading problem. Secondly, for the purpose of studying classical Chinese, some people may say that we should inherit the traditional culture of China immediately, but we really have to ask: What kind of traditional culture should we inherit? We can't generalize about inheriting China's classical philosophy and so on. In fact, most of the classical Chinese in junior high school are short stories. For example, the truth reflected in Sun Quan's "Encouraging Learning" is actually very simple, and students can generally summarize it immediately after reading the text. Therefore, I think the teaching of classical Chinese in junior high school should make students feel the charm of classical Chinese vocabulary, its wording and sentence making, and its simplicity and catchiness. Understanding the beauty of language is achieved through repeated reading and vocabulary accumulation. Of course, there must be something special outside the general, not all in classical Chinese. Some classic articles, such as Peach Blossom Garden and One Mountain in Gong Yu, also need to be analyzed and understood. Finally, the main reason why we can't break through the dispute between literature and art in the teaching of classical Chinese is that we can't break through China's ancient thought of "writing carries Tao". Form is only a means, and theme is the key. Therefore, whether it is style, practical style or classical Chinese, we are emphasizing the humanity of articles. This is actually a bit of an eyebrow and beard. When the Chinese class is always repeating those simple life truths, it is not far from the ideological and political class. Because we should adopt a western saying when dealing with different styles: God belongs to God and Satan belongs to Satan. Of course, there is also a way to pay attention to reading aloud and vocabulary accumulation, rather than telling the meaning of a word. It's a pity to learn from Mr. Wang Ti, which makes the boring words in classical Chinese that are most difficult to arouse students' interest interesting, wonderful and unique.

6. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning? 1, Xunzi's "Persuasion" in the Warring States Period.

Excerpt: A gentleman knows that a husband is not beautiful enough, so he recites it and thinks about it.

Interpretation: A gentleman thinks he is perfect only when he knows that he is not perfect, so he reads a set of books to try to achieve mastery and understand with thinking and exploration.

2. The sacred amethyst in Wang Yinglin in Song Dynasty.

Excerpt: Jade is not pecked, let alone a weapon; People don't learn or know.

Interpretation: jade can't be a beautiful object without polishing and carving; People can't succeed if they don't study.

3. Zhou's "Supplements and Essays" in Qing Dynasty

Abstract: There is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning from the sea. (Actually, it was written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and it was included in augmented sages).

Interpretation: If you want to climb the peak of knowledge, then diligence is the only way; If you want to swim in the ocean of knowledge, effort is a boat that wishes you progress.

4. Zhu's persuasion poems in Song Dynasty.

Excerpt: It is easy for teenagers to learn from old age, but difficult to learn. An inch of time is not light.

Interpretation: Time flies, learning is difficult, don't waste every inch of time.

5. Yan Zhenqing's "persuasion" in Tang Dynasty.

Excerpt: Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn.

Interpretation: I didn't know to study hard early when I was young, and it was too late to regret when I was full of white hair.