Composition of automobile electrical system

Automobile electrical system is generally composed of eight systems: power supply, starting, ignition, lighting, signal, instrument, auxiliary electrical and electronic control.

1. power supply: including battery, generator and regulator. Generators are the main source of energy. When the generator works normally, it supplies power to all vehicle electrical equipment and charges the battery. The function of the regulator is to keep the output voltage of the generator constant.

2. Starting system: including series-excited DC motor, transmission mechanism and control device. Its function is to start the engine. The starter is used to start the engine. It is mainly composed of motor, transmission mechanism (or meshing mechanism) and start switch.

3. Ignition system: including ignition switch, ignition coil, distributor assembly, spark plug, etc. Its function is to generate high-voltage electric spark and ignite the mixture in the cylinder of gasoline engine; According to different sources of electric energy, ignition devices can be divided into two categories: battery ignition and magneto ignition.

4. Lighting system: including all kinds of lights inside and outside the car and their control devices. Used to ensure the safety of driving at night. There are main headlights, fog lights, taillights, brake lights, shed lights, electric horns, turn signal flashers, etc.

5. Signal system: including horn, buzzer, flasher and various traffic signal identification lights. Used to ensure the safety of people and vehicles when vehicles are running.

6. Instruments: including various electrical instruments, such as ammeter, charging indicator or voltmeter, oil pressure gauge, thermometer, fuel gauge, speed and odometer, engine tachometer, etc.

7. Auxiliary electrical system: including electric wiper, air conditioner, low-temperature starting preheating device, tape recorder, cigarette lighter, glass lifter, etc.

8. Electronic control system: including electronic fuel injection device, electronic ignition device, anti-lock braking device, automatic transmission, etc.