What types of e-commerce websites are there? How to transport it?

E-commerce (E-commerce for short) is a new business operation mode based on browser/server application mode in the open network environment of the Internet, which realizes online shopping for consumers, online trading for merchants and online electronic payment.

E-commerce covers a wide range, generally referring to transactions or information exchange through the network, such as online shopping, inter-company account payment or electronic documents.

Communication and so on are all important links in e-commerce; Generally can be divided into business to business, or business to consumers.

(business-to-consumer) two kinds. With the increase of Internet users in China, people use the Internet for online shopping and credit card payment.

Consumption has become more and more popular, and the most common security mechanisms are SSL and SET.

E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: e-commerce advertising; Electronic purchase and exchange of transactions and electronic transaction vouchers; Electronic payment settlement and after-sales online service. The main types of transactions are business-to-person transactions (B-to-C mode) and business-to-business transactions (B-to-B mode). There are four subjects involved in e-commerce: customers (individual consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including vendors, manufacturers, storage and transportation companies), banks (including issuers and acquirers) and certification centers.

E-commerce is a direct product of the explosive development of the Internet and a brand-new development direction of network technology application. Internet itself has the characteristics of openness, globality, low cost and high efficiency, which has also become an inherent feature of e-commerce, greatly surpassing the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change the production and management activities of enterprises themselves, but also affect the economic operation and structure of the whole society.

1. E-commerce electronizes and digitizes traditional business processes. On the one hand, replacing real logistics with electronic flow can greatly reduce manpower and material resources and reduce costs; On the other hand, it breaks through the limitation of time and space, so that trading activities can be carried out at any time and any place, thus greatly improving efficiency.

2. The openness and globalization of e-commerce have created more trade opportunities for enterprises.

3. E-commerce enables enterprises to enter the global electronic market at a similar cost, making it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises and improving their competitiveness.

4. E-commerce redefines the traditional circulation mode, reduces intermediate links, and makes direct transactions between producers and consumers possible, thus changing the whole social and economic operation mode to some extent.

On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, which provides more possibilities for the reorganization of various social and economic factors, thus affecting the economic layout and structure of society.

E-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast and low-cost electronic communication methods to conduct various business activities without meeting buyers and sellers. E-commerce can be completed through various electronic communication methods. Simple, for example, you conduct business activities with customers by phone or fax, which seems to be called e-commerce; Now people are discussing e-commerce, mainly through EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and the Internet. Especially with the maturity of Internet technology, the real development of e-commerce will be based on Internet technology. So some people call e-commerce IC (Internet Commerce) for short.

From the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links, or it can be divided into two levels. The lower-level e-commerce is e-commerce, e-trade, e-contract and so on. The most complete and advanced e-commerce should be to use the Internet to carry out all trade activities, that is, to completely realize information flow, business flow, capital flow and partial logistics on the Internet. In other words, you can negotiate with customers online, place orders, pay (receive) money, open electronic invoices and even pay taxes through electronic customs declaration in one go.

To achieve a complete e-commerce will involve many aspects, besides buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions need to join. Because the parties involved in e-commerce don't know each other physically, the whole process of e-commerce is not a copy of business activities in the physical world. Online banking, online electronic payment, data encryption, electronic signature and other conditions and technologies play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce.

Why should we vigorously develop e-commerce

This is because the Internet-based "electronic" technology platform provides a broad development space for traditional business activities, and its outstanding advantages are incomparable to traditional media.

(1) Wide area: The Internet crosses national boundaries and time and space. No matter where you are, no matter day or night, you can log on to the website of any country or region at will and communicate directly with the people you want to communicate with.

(2) immediacy: 2 1 century is an information society, information is wealth, and the speed of information transmission can be said to be a matter of life and death for businesses. Internet is favored by merchants because of its fast information transmission speed. It can be said that people in the southern hemisphere can learn about what just happened in the northern hemisphere in ten minutes or even a short time. The internet has really turned the whole earth into a global village.

(3) Virtuality: Internet has changed the traditional concept of space, resulting in a virtual space or virtual society different from the actual geographical space. Individuals, companies or institutions in any corner of the world can be closely linked through the Internet to establish virtual communities, virtual companies, virtual governments, virtual shopping malls, virtual universities or virtual research institutes. , in order to achieve information * * * enjoyment, resources * * enjoyment, intelligence *.

(4) Interactivity: Through the Internet, businesses can communicate, negotiate and sign contracts directly, and consumers can also reflect their feedback suggestions on the websites of enterprises or businesses, and enterprises or businesses should timely investigate product types and service quality according to consumers' feedback to achieve benign interaction.

Based on the above advantages, e-commerce appeared as a new business model in the last decade of the 20th century. Compared with traditional trading methods, e-commerce has many advantages, such as it can break through geographical and time constraints, so that people in different regions can freely transmit information, exchange needed goods and trade. Its quickness, rapidity, freedom and low transaction cost are liked by people. Why not?

The development of e-commerce in the world

Taking European and American countries as examples, it can be said that e-commerce business is developing in full swing. In France, Germany and other European countries, the turnover generated by e-commerce has accounted for 1/4 of the total business volume, while in the United States it has reached 1/3 or more, while the development of e-commerce in European and American countries has only been more than ten years. In the United States, well-known e-commerce companies such as AOL, Yahoo and E-Harbor started to make money around 1995, and in 2000, they created 780 million dollars. E-commerce companies such as IBM, Amazon Bookstore, Dell Computer and Wal-Mart Supermarket have all made incredible profits in their respective fields.

The rapid development of e-commerce in European and American countries has the following factors:

1. There are many families and enterprises with computers in Europe and America, and the number of netizens accounts for more than two-thirds of the total population, especially teenagers, almost all of whom are netizens. Strong economic conditions and huge netizen groups have created a good environment for the development of e-commerce.

2. European and American countries have generally implemented the credit card consumption system, established a complete credit guarantee system, and solved the problem of online payment in e-commerce. In detail, the credit guarantee business in European and American countries has been carried out for 80 years. In European and American countries, people can move freely, without being restricted by household registration as in China. In order to facilitate daily life, everyone has a unique credit code, which can't be forged for life. With this credit card for consumption, the issuing bank allows the cardholder to overdraw a large amount, but the cardholder needs to return the borrowed money within the specified time. If an enterprise or individual does not repay after maliciously overdrawing, he will realize that his credit record will be stained with this stain no matter where he goes in the future. No matter whether he wants to borrow money to buy a house, a car or run a company, the bank will not lend him money, which is extremely terrible in the western world where loans are prevalent! Therefore, westerners generally regard credit as their second life, and no one wants to be greedy for small profits and lose the righteousness. When shopping online, they will directly enter the password by clicking on the item and transfer the electronic money in the credit card to the website. After the business website confirms the payment, it will immediately organize home delivery.

3. The logistics distribution system in Europe and America is quite perfect and formal, especially the emergence of large third-party logistics companies in recent years, so that netizens in many different regions can often receive the goods they need on the shopping day or the next day. This is due to the development history of the warehousing and transportation system in Europe and America for nearly a hundred years. Taking the United States as an example, after the Second World Station, many enterprises have effectively changed the operation mode of military logistics support system and applied it to the field of material circulation, and gradually established a dotted and pervasive logistics distribution network throughout the country. Even more than a decade ago, when the e-commerce business was not widely developed, as long as customers called for goods, they could almost enjoy the domestic service of free delivery. FedEx and UPS are all examples of large logistics companies. Specialized in delivering products to customers for various businesses, with such a huge and perfect logistics distribution system, when the e-commerce era comes, the United States only needs to connect all distribution points with computers, which naturally completes the transition from traditional distribution to e-commerce era, and the logistics distribution problem, the most important and complicated link in e-commerce activities, is thus solved.

The main application systems of e-commerce include:

1) enterprise-enterprise application system (b to b)

E-commerce among enterprises will be the main body of e-commerce business, accounting for about 90% of the total transaction volume of e-commerce. At present, e-commerce has greatly improved the efficiency of enterprises in supply, inventory, transportation and information circulation, and the most enthusiastic promoter of e-commerce is merchants. Business-to-business transactions are places where the introduction of e-commerce can produce many benefits. For a commercial enterprise in the circulation field, because there is no production link, e-commerce activities almost cover the management activities of the whole enterprise, and it is the enterprise that uses e-commerce the most. Through e-commerce, commercial enterprises can obtain consumer information more timely and accurately, so as to order goods accurately, reduce inventory and promote sales through the network, thus improving efficiency, reducing costs and obtaining greater benefits. The following are some typical examples: Alibaba (www.alibab.com), Made in China (), global sources, etc.

The general transaction process of e-commerce among enterprises can be divided into the following four stages. The first is the preparation before the transaction. This stage mainly refers to the preparatory activities of the buyers and sellers and the parties involved in the transaction before signing the contract. The second is transaction negotiation and contract signing. This stage mainly refers to the negotiation of all the details of the transaction between the buyer and the seller, and the results of the negotiation between the two parties are determined in the form of documents, that is, the trade contract is signed in the form of written documents and electronic documents. The third is to go through the formalities before the transaction. This stage mainly refers to the process from the signing of the contract between the buyer and the seller to the beginning of the performance of the contract. The fourth is the performance of the transaction contract and the claim.

2) Enterprise Consumer Application System (B t0 C)

In the long run, business-to-consumer e-commerce will eventually occupy an important position in the field of e-commerce. However, due to various factors, at present and for a long time, this level of business can only account for a relatively small proportion. It takes the Internet as the main means to provide services, realize public consumption and provide services, and ensure the electronization of related payment methods. With the appearance of the World Wide Web (WWW), it has developed rapidly, and it can be regarded as an electronic retail. At present, there are all kinds of commercial centers all over the Internet, providing all kinds of consumer goods and services, from flowers and books to computers and cars. At present, there are many examples of this type of e-commerce applications on the World Wide Web, such as Amazon Bookstore, FedEx, where customers can manage and track their own goods, and Pizza Hut, which orders take-away food online. There are also Zhuoyue and e800 Mall in China.

This shopping process has completely changed the traditional shopping methods such as face-to-face transaction, cash delivery and interview. This is a new and effective way of electronic shopping. Of course, if we want to safely and boldly conduct e-shopping activities, we need a very effective e-commerce security system.

3) Enterprise-Government Application System (B to G)

Including government procurement, taxation, commodity inspection and management rules. Everything between the government and enterprises can be covered. For example, the government procurement list can be published through the Internet, and enterprises can reply electronically. With the development of e-commerce, such applications will grow rapidly. The government has two roles here: it is the user of e-commerce, making purchases and acting as a commercial actor. It is also the macro-manager of e-commerce and plays a supporting and normative role in e-commerce. In developed countries, the development of e-commerce often relies mainly on the participation and investment of private enterprises, and the government only plays a guiding role. Compared with developed countries, enterprises in developing countries are small in scale, backward in information technology and low in solvency. Government participation is helpful to introduce technology, expand the scale of enterprises and improve the solvency of enterprises.

The supporting environment of e-commerce

E-commerce not only affects the transaction process of all parties, but also changes the market structure and rules to some extent. Traditionally, the market transaction chain is formed in the exchange of goods, services and currency, and e-commerce strengthens the importance of information factors. So there are information goods, information services and electronic money. The essence of trade has not changed, but some links in the trade process have changed their forms accordingly because of the changes in the attached carriers. In this way, from the perspective of a single enterprise, some changes have taken place in the way of trade. From the perspective of the whole trade environment, some business opportunities have disappeared, while new business opportunities have emerged, some industries have declined, and some industries have risen, thus making the whole trade pattern take on a new look.

In addition to traditional business factors, the supporting environment for e-commerce also includes:

(1) Information expressway actually refers to the construction of network infrastructure, which is mainly composed of backbone network, metropolitan area network and local area network. It enables any networked computer to connect with the world through the network at any time. Information can be transmitted through telephone lines or radio waves.

(2) Formulation of e-commerce policies, regulations and technical standards: e-commerce is a trade mode based on cross-border information networks, and relevant policies and regulations must be consistent with it. However, the national conditions of different countries are far from each other, and conflicts often occur between the requirements of e-commerce and the specific conditions of each country, which requires the coordinated solution of the international community. For example 1996, the United Nations Trade and Development Council adopted the Model Law on Electronic Commerce. The United States, Russia, Germany, Britain and other countries have promulgated many laws and regulations to promote e-commerce. As far as the whole network environment is concerned, standards are very important to ensure compatibility and universality. Technical standards define technical details such as user interface, transmission protocol and information release standard. At present, many manufacturers and organizations are aware of the importance of standards, and are making joint efforts to formulate unified standards. For example, the publishers of VISA and Master Card cooperated with the industry to formulate the SET protocol to ensure the safe payment of e-commerce.

(3) Realizing online publishing, querying and searching of information: Online bookstores like Amazon publish product catalogs and inventory lists on their websites, attracting a considerable number of customers. In addition, a complex website server can provide a directory for specific inquirers that conforms to their personal habits, and its function is better and more lasting than any user registration card.

(4) Development of multimedia information dissemination tools: The contents disseminated on the Internet include words, pictures, sounds and images. It must also ensure that the information it conveys is reliable, unbreakable and undeniable, and it can provide appropriate evidence in case of dispute. Network communication tools are used to provide two communication methods: one is unformatted data communication, such as messages we send by fax and email, which are mainly aimed at people; The other is formatted data exchange. Electronic data interchange is a typical example. Its transmission and processing process can be automated without manual intervention, that is, machine-oriented. Orders, invoices and freight documents are all suitable for formatted data exchange.

At present, e-commerce courses have been widely carried out in China.

█ The development stage of e-commerce professional job market:

From the appearance of the internet to the present, if we look closely, we will find that e-commerce has basically gone through three stages:

1, desperately lay the foundation stage: this stage is mainly to access the network and establish a website.

Many enterprises will set up their own websites at this stage. During this period, senior programmers, programmers, web designers, etc. Focusing on web development will become a sought-after career.

2. Crazy promotion stage: The main content of this stage is to promote websites so that more people can find their own websites, and increasing traffic is the main task.

Seo experts (search engine optimization experts) and mailing list experts with website promotion as their core business have become popular occupations. During this period, a large number of network "scammers" appeared, who obtained false access through various deceptive means. Including the use of hacking programs such as Trojans. At present, there are many enterprises and individuals who make a living from this in big central cities in China, and they are complacent about it.

3. Building core competitiveness stage: The main content of this stage is to increase the stickiness of the website, retain visitors and turn visitors into customers.

During this period, network editors, forum hosts, writers, content researchers and channel planning will become hot jobs.

I think many remote towns and villages are still in the first stage. Non-central secondary cities may be between the second and third stages. The central city has entered the third stage. ()

█ E-commerce curriculum system:

Web page color matching

web design

Ui design

Network Standards and Website Reconstruction

Course design of web design

Illustrator

Basic skills of illustration creation

Network Development Technology (ASP.net)

Flash ActionScript and RIA application development

VB.net

Data Warehouse and Mining

Flash ActionScript course design

Course design of web development technology

workflow

Server management

Database Applications

Electronic commerce and international trade

Foundation and practice of network marketing

E-commerce Marketing Planning and Writing Practice

Exhibition marketing

Email marketing

E-commerce letter writing

telemarketing

Network brand

Telephone English

Spoken English in actual combat of foreign trade

Course design of international trade in e-commerce

Course design of network marketing

Basic skills of news gathering, writing and editing

Publishing proofreading training

Introduction to Electronic Commerce (Professional Basis)

extensible markup language (XML)

E-commerce professional English

Online entrepreneurship

NLP is super successful.

Information resource retrieval

Network information security

cybereconomy

cyberlaw