Important Military Reform Measures in the Late Qing Dynasty

The Foreign Affairs Movement, which emerged in the 1860s, can be regarded as one of the symbols of modernization of China's military, with the following major military reforms:

One, the construction of a modern military industry, the introduction of Western military technology, and the introduction of part of the military command, training, and combat system.

Secondly, the construction of a new navy, and in the 1880s, the three navies of Beiyang, Nanyang and Fujian were built one after another

Thirdly, the dispatch of foreign students to study Western military theories

The failure of the Foreign Affairs Movement and the "Gengzi Rebellion", the Qing government began to organize and train a new army to replace the old army, of which the Beiyang Army was the most important one.