Lu xun's folk feelings.

Whether it is condemning the folk custom that destroys children in prose or analyzing soul of china's folk custom in novels, it lies in exposing and criticizing. Serving this critical background, most of the folk images collected by Lu Xun have certain feudal primitive characteristics. However, for the needs of his own creation, Lu Xun made different artistic treatments on these characteristics: purifying them in prose creation and artistically rendering them in novel creation.

Once folk custom is formed, it is a kind of cohesion at home and an invisible fence at abroad, which has great invariance. China is an ancient civilization with a long history, especially after more than two thousand years of ups and downs in feudal society, all kinds of folk customs formed in this long history, in which the ideological and cultural factors precipitated are complicated and inevitably stained with feudal primitive colors. The lamp in The Ever-burning Lamp is a custom left by primitive people to preserve kindling, which was still adhered to by Ji Guang residents in the early 20th century. As for A Chang and Shan Hai Jing, it is probably influenced by ancient women's worship beliefs, and women who show off their pants and stand on the wall can't let go of cannons. The Meigu Temple and Wu Tong God in The Five Classics Society can be traced back to the polytheism concept of primitive religion and its customs under its constraints. These folk customs appear in Lu Xun's works and have been carefully arranged by the writer. If we try to classify the folklore involved in his prose and novels, it can be summarized as behavioral and psychological, of course, this division is relative. It may be said that behavioral folklore is concentrated in prose description, which is more entertaining; Psychological folklore permeates the conception of the novel and has certain mystery.

Although behavioral folklore is also a reflection of psychology, it is more manifested in ceremonies, blessings, annual programs, festivals and other activities, and it is a folk custom that expresses intangible psychology through tangible inheritance activities. This kind of folk custom is reflected in the prose collection "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks". Here, the feudal superstitious nature of many folk activities has been purified. "Although it is prayer, it is also equal to entertainment." In the old society, the working people suffered from both material and spiritual oppression and had no right to enjoy normal cultural and recreational activities at all. They can only seek spiritual sustenance in some religious activities under the cover of superstition. The folk arts they created, such as colored paper, fickle life, eye-catching drama and meeting gods, are precisely the embodiment of their efforts to seek beauty after heavy physical labor, reflecting their enterprising spirit and beautiful wishes, and can also be regarded as a mass entertainment activity. Out of this creative intention, Lu Xun will spare no effort to spread and dye even a piece of "mouse getting married" decal. In Musashi Hui, he described the meeting with the gods with Tang Bao, Gao Zhao, Walking on stilts, Denggao Pavilion and Horsehead, which was vivid, lifelike and magnificent. Impermanence not only depicts the protagonist impermanence when he meets the gods, but also depicts the impermanence master "A Ling" and the scene of holding a rice bowl to send impermanence or even a movie, which is extremely interesting and full of life. In the eyes of young Lu Xun, where is the inherent religious superstition in Meeting God? Bud clear is a unique and simple way of entertainment for poor working people.

But what impressed us most in the novel was psychological folklore. This kind of folk custom is "a custom with faith as the core and all kinds of taboos", which is more manifested in psychological activities and the inheritance of faith. Due to the limitation of historical conditions, China's folk beliefs are difficult to get rid of ignorance and backwardness completely, so they are inevitably ignorant and backward in folklore, contaminated with superstition and mystery of one kind or another, and fall into a psychological situation of succumbing to ghosts and gods. In Scream and Wandering, except for the folk customs in novels with prose characteristics, such as Hometown and Social Drama, which are behavioral and entertaining, most of them belong to this kind of psychological folk customs. In addition, the author tries his best to render his ignorance and backwardness artistically in order to complete the critical theme of the novel. The custom of using human blood steamed bread to treat diseases is not so much a "medicine" as a spiritual sustenance of working people who are deeply poisoned by feudal ideas and are on the verge of despair. "Medicine" says that Hua Laoshuan is carrying a steamed bread with human blood. "It's like holding a baby that has been handed down for ten generations, and everything else is ignored. He is now going to transplant the new life in this bag to his home and gain a lot of happiness. " Similarly, Xiao Shuan "picked up this black thing and looked at it for a while, as if he were holding his own life, and he couldn't say how strange it was." "So your suppository met such good luck," said the gray beard. People of all ages are convinced of the curative effect of this "medicine". Why can human blood steamed bread cure consumption? None of them thought about it, and they didn't bother to think about it. Its mystery undoubtedly strengthens the theme that Lu Xun wants to express in his novels. Fire is a symbol of life in ancient times, so the stove used to preserve "fire" is also symbolic. This is the origin of Shaoxing's custom of "dismantling stoves". It is believed that when there is a dispute between two parties, the way for one party to cause the greatest insult to the other party is to take away the cooker of the other party. In Divorce, the Aigu family tore down their husband's kitchen. "Finally, he gave a bad breath.". In fact, it is only a psychological victory, which only proves that the ideological burden of these "children of old China" goes deep into the bone marrow! In addition, Xianglinsao's donation threshold, Shan Sisao's burning of "The Great Compassion Mantra", the blessing ceremony of Luzhen people, the ever-burning lamp of Jiguangtun and the custom of residents in this village to check the Huangli calendar all have distinct psychological elements.

According to the characteristics of folklore itself, we divide the folklore involved in Lu Xun's works into two categories: behavioral folklore and psychological folklore. In fact, completely primitive folk customs do not exist in literary works. According to the situation and its position in the works, we can divide the folklore in Lu Xun's works into two categories: folklore as an artistic framework and folklore as artistic material. They have equal opportunities in prose and novels. Generally speaking, as a work of artistic framework, there are three essays in one episode: Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canon Meetings and Impermanence; There are five novels in the two collections: Medicine, Tomorrow, The Story of Hair, Blessing and Ever-burning Lamp. As an artistic material, folklore is almost everywhere in all his essays and novels. The combination of colorful customs and profound real life content constitutes his huge social life capacity and rare sense of historical depth.

As an artistic framework, Five Zang Hui is a typical essay. The title is Wu Cang Hui, but the work is not only about Wu Cang Hui. The screenwriter first wrote the regret that he was eager to see the grand occasion of the sports meeting when he was a child, then wrote the Ming sports meeting recorded in Dream of Daoan, then wrote the more prosperous sports meeting he personally saw, and then wrote "I" excitedly prepared to go to Dongguan to watch the pentathlon. It happened that at this juncture, my father ordered me to recite "Jian lue" before watching the game, which made me lose interest in watching the Wuxiang game. This is the main idea, intended to expose the physical and mental harm of feudal education to children. Folklore is auxiliary in content, but it helps to develop and deepen the theme of the work. This kind of folklore in the novel is even more important. It is often tightly twisted with the theme of the work, and even folklore itself is the theme of the work. Some customs were deeply branded with feudal superstition and ethics in the process of formation, which reflected the will of the feudal ruling class. Because of their backwardness and barbarism, they became the shackles of working people's thoughts, seriously hindered social progress, and were the focus of Lu Xun's whipping. Xianglinsao, who is hardworking and kind, is doomed to the final extinction just because she is widowed and obsessed with the feudal moral concept of "chastity". Although she struggled desperately out of the instinct of survival, it didn't help because of the stubbornness of feudal forces and various prejudices. In fact, Xianglinsao's rebellious behavior when she was forced to remarry was caused by the deep-rooted concept of "chastity", and the only thing worth remembering in her life was the short time she lived with He Laoliu. Unfortunately, her late husband died of typhoid fever, and she became an ominous thing to "corrupt customs", and was even deprived of the qualification to touch ritual vessels and offer sacrifices for blessing. The detail of "touching the sacrificial vessel" is quite meaningful, which shows that Sister Xianglin can't keep the festival and break it. She is not only like a weak lamb in the mouth of a bad wolf, but also deprived of the "right" to maintain old laws and customs. The author uses this to refine and summarize a historical era that needs to be changed urgently. The meaning of custom and the theme of the work permeate each other, and even blend into one. The same is true of Medicine, Tomorrow, The Story of Hair and The Ever-burning Lamp.

Let's take a look at the different expressions of folk customs as artistic materials in prose novels. As an artistic material, it seems easy to touch. It is not dispensable to enrich the content, deepen the theme, sketch the characters or enhance the local color in Lu Xun's works. Many researchers have discussed the humorous style of Lu Xun's essays in detail, but they have not paid enough attention to the prose. There is often irony in humor, which is common in his prose, but it is not obvious from the text level like novel prose. Because prose writes a lot of customs and trivia, the description of some customs makes full use of this ironic humor. "Father's Disease" wrote an introduction to the medicine prescribed by Chen Lianhe. "The most common is a pair of crickets", and the note reads: "The original match is the one in a nest." It seems that insects have to be chaste, continue to marry or remarry, and even lose the qualification to be a medicine. "Sister Xianglin lost the qualification to be a slave because of" Mourning Again ". Unexpectedly, if crickets make mistakes in chastity, they will even lose the qualification to take medicine. Writer Kan Kan and talk about, but very different from the former. It's the prickly humor that makes people think.

In A Chang and Shan Hai Jing, when A Chang's mother said that "when soldiers attacked outside the city, Long Mao told us to take off our pants", her expression was unusually "serious", and the screenwriter then lamented: "I always thought her belly was just a troublesome etiquette, but I didn't expect her to have such great power." This is cold humor. When describing impermanence, Lu Xun is full of affection, but when writing A Ling, his heart is bitter. It turns out that the lower classes are deeply infiltrated by traditional ideas, and even ghosts and gods should be paired one by one, so impermanence, like ordinary people, has "wives and children." The novel is different from this humorous style, and the folk material is very serious and heavy. In The Storm, the main object of the writer's criticism is the traditional psychology and the influence of customs. The description of customs often becomes a clever pen to portray characters and deepen the theme, instead of joking and scratching, some are ruthless whipping of barbaric customs and infinite sympathy for the victims.

Braid was originally a symbol that China people became foreign slaves, but it was forcibly cut off during the Revolution of 1911, but it became an excuse for the emperor to take revenge after sitting in a massage parlor. After the "storm", no one has the intention to investigate the reason, as long as they can keep a clear head. At the end of the work, according to the example of "new foot binding", it is not a mockery of the victims, but a thorough and profound exposure of feudal customs destroying human nature. The calm words hide the resentment of national fighters. At the same time, use "Jin Shu" as a nickname, and eat in the countryside at dusk in summer. All of them show the unique rural customs in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which makes the works full of strong local colors.

Lu Xun has a unique vision. He saw the spiritual slavery and imprisonment of the broad masses of the people caused by China's ancient traditional culture in the complicated world and human feelings, and also saw the condensation and precipitation of ancient traditional culture by folk customs. He once said: "If we don't go deep into all levels of the people, study and dissect their customs and habits, distinguish between good and bad, establish standards for keeping and discarding, and carefully choose the implementation methods for keeping and discarding, then no matter what kind of reform, it will be crushed by the rocks of habit, or just float on the surface for a while." Out of this profound understanding of customs and habits, he firmly grasped folk customs and tried to clarify national customs from a broader and deeper background in order to promote the awakening of the people. At the same time, we should also see that folk customs are just the complex social life reflected in Lu Xun's works.