How to make more effective use of international economic cooperation in the development of traditional marine economic industry?

Answer in three perspectives: ① education and teaching perspective; ② research perspective; ③ news perspective. I hope it is useful to you.

**①Education and Teaching Angle:

Oil and gas resources and seawater resources are strategic resources of the marine industry. China's offshore oil and gas-bearing basins have oil resources of about 24 billion tons and natural gas resources of 14 trillion cubic meters. There are also natural gas hydrate resources in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The theoretical reserves of marine energy amount to 630 million kilowatts. There are more than 500 million tons of polymetallic nodule resources in the international seabed area. It is expected that by the middle of the 21st century, the development of marine oil and gas resources will occupy a more important position in the oil and gas industry. Seawater resources is an unlimited resource, sea salt resources is also a permanent development of resources, around the middle of this century, seawater will become one of the pivotal sources of water resources.

②Research Perspective:

Resources and environment are the basic conditions for human survival and development. Productivity leaps and bounds, social civilization and progress, national prosperity and strength, are closely related to the resources and environmental conditions. The security of resources is the security of the country, and the crisis of resources is the crisis of the nation. The ocean accounts for 71% of the earth's surface, and is occupied by all countries and the world***. The world's oceans contain 250 million square kilometers of high seas and international seabed areas, which are rich in ****existing marine resources. The oceans are a rich and underdeveloped treasure trove of resources. With the increasing shortage of land-based strategic resources, coastal countries are constantly increasing the strength and intensity of their demand for resources from the oceans and attaching importance to the development, utilization and protection of the "blue land" of the oceans. The development of marine resources has made a significant contribution to the development of the world economy. According to the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the total volume of the world's national economy is currently 23 trillion dollars, of which the marine economy accounts for about 1 trillion dollars, or more than 4 per cent. The global land provides mankind with an ecological value of 12 trillion dollars, and the oceans provide an ecological value of 21 trillion dollars.

China is the world's most populous coastal country, the land across the tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, southeast of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and the South China Sea, the coastline is long, there are many harbors and bays, the sea is vast. The vast ocean contains extremely rich marine resources. The report of the 16th National Congress of the CPC clearly pointed out that "we have to concentrate our efforts in the first two decades of this century to comprehensively build a higher level of moderately prosperous society benefiting more than a billion people". In order to ensure the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, the report puts forward a specific request for the implementation of marine development, which is of far-reaching historical significance, as part of the overall strategic deployment. The report of the 16th Party Congress is a programmatic document to guide the future development of China, and the inclusion of ocean development means that the development of the ocean has been put on the agenda of the Party and included in the country's development strategy. This is a historic opportunity for the great development of the marine cause, is the best time to start the strategy of building a strong marine country.

In order for China to eventually become a world ocean power and rank among the developed countries, there must be a consistent strategy for the development and protection of marine resources. Marine resources are both national resources, and the world **** have resources, marine resources strategy study involves the region should include nearly 3 million square kilometers of our sovereignty and jurisdiction of the sea area (internal waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf), but also includes 250 million square kilometers of the international seabed area and the high seas. We should take the resources as the main body, the relationship between resources and the economy as the center of the population, environment, science and technology, management issues related to the development and protection of marine resources, overall thinking, to make accurate development positioning and strategic choices, so that the sea becomes a strategic food resources, mineral resources, water resources and metal resources base, and become China's integration into the global economic system of the logistics corridor and the space for survival and development.

I. China's marine resources

The ocean is a rich and underdeveloped treasure trove of natural resources. Marine natural resources include sea area (marine space) resources, marine biological resources, marine energy, marine mineral resources, marine tourism resources, seawater resources and so on. China is the world's most populous ocean country, the development of the ocean has formed a multi-industry composition of the marine economic system, the further discovery, development and utilization of marine resources for the long-term sustainable development of our country, has an increasingly important strategic significance. The basic characteristics of China's marine resources are:

1, the long coastline, the sea is vast

China's mainland is located in the northwest Pacific coast, the mainland coastline up to more than 18,000 kilometers, the marine fishing area of more than 2 million square kilometers, the continental shelf area of more than 1.3 million square kilometers, with a wealth of mudflat resources, marine fisheries resources, marine mineral resources, port and bay resources, marine fishery resources, marine mineral resources, harbor resources, marine tourism resources, marine energy and other marine natural resources. China's internal waters and territorial sea cover an area of about 380,000 square kilometers, while its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf are estimated to be about 2 million square kilometers because the delimitation of the boundary has not yet been completed, making it difficult to determine the exact area. These jurisdictional waters are an important foundation for the long-term survival and reproduction of the Chinese nation. China also has easy access to the world's oceans and exploits the marine resources of the high seas and the international seabed area.

2, with strategic value of the advantage of marine resources

China is one of the world's longest coastline, the mainland coastline of more than 18,000 kilometers, plus island coastline of 14,000 kilometers, the total length of the coastline of the world's fourth, the continental shelf area of 1.3 million square kilometers, the world's fifth, the 200 nautical miles of the waters of the area of 200-3 million square kilometers, the world's tenth, these are the world's largest, and the world's largest, and the world's largest, and the world's largest. tenth in the world, these are the world's advantageous resources.

China's coastal deep-water coastline of more than 400 kilometers, suitable for the construction of intermediate berths above the port site of more than 160, of which 62 deep-water port site. There are more than 20,000 species of marine life in China's waters, and there are rich fishery resources. The area of mudflat is 2.171 million hectares, and the area of sea within 30-meter isobath is 2 billion mu, which is equivalent to 1 billion mu of farmland by making full use of its biological productivity. There are more than 1,500 coastal attractions and numerous beaches and waters suitable for the development of marine tourism and recreation. These are important strategic resources for the country.

Oil and gas resources and seawater resources are strategic resources for the marine industry. China's offshore oil and gas basin oil resources of about 24 billion tons, natural gas resources of 14 trillion cubic meters. There are also natural gas hydrate resources in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The theoretical reserves of marine energy amount to 630 million kilowatts. There are more than 500 million tons of polymetallic nodule resources in the international seabed area. It is expected that by the middle of the 21st century, the development of marine oil and gas resources will occupy a more important position in the oil and gas industry. Seawater resources is an unlimited resource, sea salt resources is also a permanent development of resources, around the middle of this century, seawater will become one of the pivotal sources of water resources.

3, the development of the ocean formed a multi-industry marine economic system

China has a long history of marine development and rich experience, and gradually formed a multi-industry marine economic system. Since the reform and opening up, China's rapid development of the marine economy, the total output value of the national marine industry increased from 6 billion yuan in 1978 to 413.35 billion yuan in 2000, more than 20 years more than 6 times more than the gross national product of the last century more than three times over two times, the marine development has become a new economic growth point. The labor force engaged in marine development of more than 4 million people, part-time workers more than 10 million; shipbuilding completion amounted to 2,245,100 integrated tons; marine transport ships 10,378 ships, 30,762,100 net deadweight tons; motorized production of 279,729 fishing boats, of which 1,719 ocean-going fishing boats; marine science and technology is getting higher and higher, and the rapid development of the marine high-tech industries.

4, the development and protection of marine resources still exist in more problems

(1) the average value of marine resources is lower than the world average. Per capita jurisdiction of the sea area, the ratio of land and sea area, the coastline coefficient, these three indicators affect the total amount of a country's marine resources, the development of the marine economy and the ease of access to the sea and other aspects. They are important indicators for measuring the advantages of marine resources. China's per capita possession of sea area ranked 122nd in the world, lower than the world average; China's sea area and land area ratio of 0.31:1, ranked 108th; although China has more than 18,000 kilometers of continental coastline and more than 14,000 kilometers of island coastline, but the coefficient of the ratio of the coastline to the land area is only 0.0018, ranked 94th.

(2) Insufficient advantage of important marine resources. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and scholars at home and abroad, the allowable catch of the world's marine fishery resources, in the absence of the development of mid-ocean fish resources, is about 200-300 million tons per year, China's allowable catch in the inshore and offshore, about 3.5 million tons per year, the allowable catch of marine fisheries only accounted for the world's marine fisheries, the total allowable catch of 1.16-1.75%; China's biological productivity of the sea area is also not the world's best The average productivity of offshore fish is 3.18t/km2 -year, while that of the South Pacific coast is 18.2t/km2 -year, and that of the West African offshore is 8.3t/km2 -year; there are about 200,000 species of organisms in the world's oceans, and 20,278 species in China's oceans; there are 60-62 species in the world's oceans with an annual output of between 10-1 million tons, and there are about 40 species with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons in the history of China's offshore. There are about 40 kinds of 10,000 tons, there is no annual output of more than 1 million tons of bulk species.

In the world's marine oil and gas resource-rich sedimentary basins, China's offshore is not dominant. The world's marine oil and gas resources reserves are mainly concentrated in the Persian Gulf, the North Sea, the Gulf of Guinea, Lake Maracaibo, the Gulf of Mexico, the west coast of California and several other areas, the total reserves of oil and gas in these areas accounted for 80% of the world's proven reserves at sea. In the unproven oil and gas areas, mainly concentrated in the Arctic region, Antarctica, Africa, South America and the sea around Australia, China's offshore oil search prospects are not as good as the above areas. It is predicted that the recoverable oil reserves in China's offshore only account for 3 to 12% of the world's reserves.

(3) Under-exploitation and over-exploitation co-exist. Compared with developed countries, China's marine resources development and utilization is not high, the overall level of marine economic development is low, both underdevelopment and huge potential, but also over-utilization and resource decline. Statistical data show that the proven reserves of offshore oil and gas account for only 1% of the resources, and the cumulative exploitation accounts for only 5% of the proven reserves. The utilization rate of coastal tourism resources is less than 1/3, and the depth of development is insufficient. The utilization rate of farmable mudflats is less than 60%. The utilization rate of saline land and mudflat is only 45%, and the utilization rate of shallow sea within 15 meters of water depth is less than 2%. The scale of direct utilization of seawater is relatively small. The cumulative exploitation of coastal sand mines accounts for only 5% of the proven reserves. Some deep-water harbour sites in coastal areas have not been developed, fishery resources in the outer sea are under-utilized, the utilization rate of coastal sand mines is not high, and the degree of development and utilization of seawater and ocean energy is even lower. Oceanic minerals have not yet been developed. However, in China's coastal waters, fishery resources are mostly in a state of over-exploitation. Major economic fish resources are in decline, and some species are almost extinct in some waters.

(4) Marine environmental problems related to marine resources are becoming increasingly serious. In recent years, the depth and breadth of marine development activities in China's coastal areas have been increasing day by day. In the process of development and utilization has produced a series of ecological and environmental problems, marine natural and ecological damage in the various sea areas have occurred to varying degrees. At present, the discharge of marine pollution and the ocean's capacity for pollution and self-purification have exceeded the critical value of equilibrium; in 1999, the amount of industrial wastewater directly entering the sea in coastal areas was 814.16 million tons, accounting for 4.13 per cent of the country's total discharge of industrial wastewater; and each year, about 15 million tons of various types of pollutants enter the coastal waters through different channels. As a result, the environmental quality of coastal waters has generally declined, and sudden pollution incidents are frequent. The water quality of aquaculture waters has been degraded, offshore fishery resources have declined, and some rare marine species are on the verge of extinction; the area of offshore waters inferior to the second category of seawater quality standards is more than 200,000 square kilometers; irrational encirclement of the sea, logging, dredging of reefs, and dredging of sand have led to the destruction of 80% of coral reefs, the cutting of 80% of mangrove forests, and erosion of 70% of sandy seashores. At the same time, part of the coast, beach erosion and retreat, seawater infiltration and flooding, environmental disasters, and even jeopardize people's lives and production.

(5) maritime rights and interests and marine resources disputes are acute and complex. Marine rights and interests is an important part of national interests, the essence of disputes over marine rights and interests is the fight for marine resources, is the fight for economic interests. At present, our country is facing sharp and complex disputes over marine resources and maritime rights and interests. In the Yellow Sea area, there are disputes over fishery interests between China and North and South Korea, and China's traditional fishing rights are threatened; the East China Sea is a fishing ground where fishermen from China, Japan and South Korea **** work together, and there are many fishery conflicts, so it is necessary to rely on the fishery agreement to harmonize the relationship of fishery interests. In addition, the rich oil and gas resources in the East China Sea are also disputed, mainly Japan and South Korea more than 84,000 square kilometers *** with the development zone of oil and gas resources disputes, the East China Sea in the middle of the oil and gas resources disputes, fishing the North depression oil and gas resources rich area disputes, etc., if the Diaoyu Islands go to Japan, our country will lose the area of sea area of 60,000 to 70,000 square kilometers, oil and gas resources of 160,000 to 180,000 tons. The disputes over fishery interests and oil and gas resources interests in the South China Sea have become more acute. In the South China Sea, the sea area within the interrupted national boundaries is the traditional fishing area of our fishermen, and part of it is within the exclusive economic zones of the neighboring countries, which leads to the conflict of fishery interests. The disputed area of oil and gas resources in the southern part of the South China Sea within China's Discontinuous National Boundary Line is about 270,000 square kilometers, involving about 7.8 billion tons of resources (mainly in the Wanan, Zengmu, and Brunei-Sabah basins). Neighboring countries extract more than 5,000 tons of oil annually in the vicinity of our interrupted national boundaries.

Based on a careful understanding of the basic dynamics of marine resources, we will conduct an in-depth analysis of the existing problems of marine resources and explore the strategic options of marine resources for sustainable development.

Two, the sustainable development of marine resources strategy

Marine resources are both endowed with national jurisdiction in the sea area of land resources, and distributed in the high seas and the international seabed **** have marine resources. In our economic and social development more and more need for marine resources, resource allocation to the direction of globalization, resources in international cooperation in the increasingly important position, the development and protection of marine **** have resources become a global **** the same task of the new situation, to form a new marine resources strategy. To establish the idea of big ocean, cherish China's marine national resources, and pay attention to the world's marine resources; to establish the basic strategy of vigorous development, active protection, and sustainable utilization, as well as the strategic choices of rational development and protection of marine national resources, diversified use of foreign marine resources, active participation in the sharing of the world's ****sourceful oceans, relying on scientific and technological progress to promote the development and protection of marine resources, and establishment of a marine eco-economy to achieve the goal of strategic goals of making the ocean a strategic resource base, utilizing marine resources in a sustainable manner, and promoting sustainable economic and social development.

1, the rational development and protection of marine land resources

Jurisdiction of the natural resources of the sea is an important land resources, like land land is the Chinese nation rely on the basis of survival and development. China's marine resources have huge development potential, but also the urgent need to strengthen the protection of the dual task, should implement a rational development strategy, so that the national jurisdiction of the sea as a sustainable development and utilization of marine resources base.

Marine mineral resources, including oil resources, natural gas resources, natural gas hydrate resources, sand resources in areas under national jurisdiction, polymetallic nodule resources in the international seabed area, cobalt-rich crust resources, hydrothermal sulfide minerals, etc., have enormous potential. It is necessary to intensify exploration for marine mineral resources, increase proven reserves and improve the country's level of resource assurance. Strive to discover new large oil and gas fields in the sea, so that the proportion of marine oil and gas production in the country's total oil and gas production from the current 10% to more than 25%, reaching the world's average level. Natural gas hydrate exploration should be included in the national program, focusing on the marine environment and natural gas hydrate resource survey related to the northern land slope area of the South China Sea, and make good preparations for commercial exploration of resources, environment and technology. To strengthen oil and gas exploration in disputed sea areas, and actively implement the "set aside disputes, *** with the principle", to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests, and strive for maritime rights and interests in the overlapping area of the share of resources.

Emphasizing the protection of marine biological resources, which have been in serious decline, the marine fishing industry should adopt a policy of "zero" or even "negative" growth in fishing volume, reduce fishing volume, and strive for the gradual restoration of the fishery resources of the major economic fish species and important fishing grounds. The scientific and rational use of shoals and shallow sea farmable waters, reduce the pollution of the aquaculture industry, protect the ecological environment of the aquaculture waters, actively promote the ecological optimization of aquaculture mode, take large bays and offshore marine farming and animal husbandry, important economic species of the artificial breeding and releasing, and the comprehensive improvement of the offshore fishing grounds and other measures, to ensure sustainable use of marine biological resources.

To cherish and care for every beach, sea bathing beach, sea water sports ground, coral reef area, coastal mangrove forests and other resources that can be used for the development of marine tourism and entertainment industry, and actively develop marine tourism. Attention should be paid to the protection of the marine ecological environment, to prevent the degradation of the marine ecological environment, to ensure the sustainable use of the sea.

2, diversified use of foreign marine resources

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the marine resources of many coastal countries in the world can be developed in cooperation with foreign countries. According to China's national conditions and the characteristics of marine resources, from a strategic point of view, not only to fully tap the potential of the country's marine resources, but also to go out and take various forms of diversified use of foreign resources: (1) to further cooperation in the development and utilization of foreign fishery resources. China has entered the ranks of the world's major distant-water fishing countries, distant-water fishing operations throughout West Africa, East Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, the South Pacific, the North Pacific Ocean and South America more than 30 countries and regions in the sea, the future should further strengthen this cooperation, *** with the development of fishery resources in the sea areas under their jurisdiction, in particular, should be strengthened with the cooperation of Alaska, the African coast and the Latin American region, to take the form of sole proprietorship, joint venture development of offshore resources of these countries. We should especially strengthen cooperation with countries in Alaska, coastal Africa and Latin America, and adopt the forms of sole proprietorship and joint venture to develop the offshore resources of these countries. (2) After the fishery agreements with Japan, South Korea and Vietnam come into effect, a large number of fishing vessels will have to withdraw from the traditional fishing grounds, and a large number of fishermen will face the serious situation of switching to other fisheries. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation with neighboring countries to extend the arrangements in the existing fishery agreements, and may also consider measures such as striving for the establishment of *** with fishery development zones, so as to safeguard the fishing interests of China's fishing vessels in the traditional fishing grounds, reduce the losses caused by the entry into force of the fishery agreements, and buy time for the fishermen to switch to other occupations and trades. (3) Using China's political and geographic advantages, we will strive to cooperate with our maritime neighbors, African and Latin American countries with better conditions for marine oil and gas resources, to explore and develop their marine oil and gas resources, and to optimize the allocation of China's oil and gas resources.

3. Participate in sharing the world***s marine resources

The international seabed area accounts for about 49% of the earth's surface area, and is the largest political geographic unit on the earth with a special legal status, rich in polymetallic nodules, cobalt crusts, hydrothermal sulphides, natural gas hydrates, and deep-sea biogenerics, etc., and it is a potential strategic resource base on the earth that has not yet been fully recognized and exploited by mankind. It is a potential strategic resource base on Earth that has not yet been fully recognized and exploited by mankind. In March 1991, China was authorized to register with the United Nations as a pioneer investor in the international seabed and was granted a 75,000-square-kilometre mining area. In the future, on the basis of further strengthening exploration for polymetallic nodules and paying attention to other deep-sea mineral resources, we should map out the information on cobalt-rich crusts mining areas as soon as possible, put forward prospecting areas, and select the better mining areas to submit applications to the International Seabed Authority in due course.

We should actively participate in the development of the United Nations treaty on the development and protection of high seas fishery resources and management, and actively join the international and regional fishery organizations, so as to create a good environment for the use of high seas fishery resources for our enterprises. We should encourage enterprises with the conditions to develop oceanic high seas fisheries, open up new operating areas and new fishing species, and take the tuna-rich western Indian Ocean and the western and central Pacific Ocean as new operating areas.

4, the development of high-tech, promote the use of marine resources

Marine resources development needs marine science and technology support, should be in line with the promotion of resource development, improve the fundamental purpose of the economic contribution rate, the implementation of high-tech pioneering strategy, the formation of high-tech, key technologies, the combination of basic work of the strategic deployment. Develop marine resources exploration technology, and constantly discover new exploitable resources; develop low-cost and high-efficiency marine resources utilization technology, and develop and utilize marine resources with low density, low grade, high development difficulty and high cost; develop marine resources deep-processing technology, and develop and utilize marine functional food products, marine pharmaceutical products, marine fine chemicals, etc., and improve the secondary utilization rate of resources, and reuse of wastes; develop marine environmental protection and ecological restoration technology system, including the behavior and impact of pollutants in the environment, the self-purification capacity of the local marine environment and environmental capacity, the biological effects of pollutants and local ecological change process monitoring, forecasting, control and management technology, the restoration of the marine ecological environment, ecological engineering technology and pollution damage prevention and control technology, etc., in order to repair the ecological environment of the offshore to prepare for the technological reserves; develop marine The development of high and new technologies in the field of marine monitoring technology, pay attention to the research and application of marine automatic monitoring technology, the extensive application of satellite remote sensing technology, and gradually realize the full-automatic dynamic monitoring of China's offshore waters.

5, the establishment of marine ecological economic model

Oceans have been serious ecological and economic problems, the over-exploitation of important marine resources, marine ecological environment degradation, the decline of marine industry, the development of coastal areas affected. The sustainable utilization of marine resources is determined by the marine environment, marine resources, marine development activities, coastal areas, economic and social development **** the same. The development of marine resources should follow the path of sustainable development through the sustainable utilization of resources, the sustainable development of industries and the quality of ecology, and constantly increase new exploitable resources, but the scale and speed of development should not exceed the carrying capacity of marine resources and the environment. The implementation of integrated management of resources and the environment, the development and protection of marine resources into the overall planning of the national economy and social development, and gradually form a model of sustainable development of the ecological economy.

Three, the implementation of marine resources development strategy countermeasures

1, strengthen the jurisdiction of the strategic, regional survey and evaluation

(1) the basic survey and evaluation of key sea areas. Adopting a combination of comprehensive surveys and thematic surveys, oriented to the needs of the national economy and social development, basically find out the current situation of the exploitation and utilization of marine resources, and discover a number of new exploitable resources. The focus is on one sea (Bohai Sea), one bay (Beibu Gulf), one gorge (Taiwan Strait), three continents (Yellow River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta), as well as a study of the maximum carrying capacity of the land resources and environment of the coastal zone, and an evaluation of the marine geological-ecological environment of the Bohai Sea and the southeast coast.

(2) Comprehensive geologic survey of jurisdictional waters. To realize the full coverage of the 1:1 million regional geological survey of China's territorial sea and jurisdictional sea areas; to carry out the 1:250,000 comprehensive geological survey of typical sea areas in a focused manner; and to gradually establish a marine geoscience system with the characteristics of China's sea areas that can provide effective services for China's marine planning, development, utilization and protection of marine resources, and that is on a par with the study of global change and the international basic study of disaster mitigation.

(3) Investigation of the potential of mineral resources in China's sea area. Vigorously carry out the investigation of marine oil and gas resources, put forward new oil and gas prospective areas and new oil and gas-bearing layers, and make an evaluation of the resource prospect, and carry out a comprehensive investigation and research on oil and gas resources in the Nansha Sea, the northern land-slope area of the South China Sea, and the Yellow Sea, etc., so as to make a strategic prediction and evaluation of the resource prospect.

(4) Resource exploration in the international seabed area. Carry out investigation and research on deep-sea resources, with cobalt-rich crusts and natural gas hydrates as the focus of exploration, oriented to a variety of resources, circling the recoverable portion of the contract area for polymetallic nodule resources, and the mining area with better cobalt-rich crusts resources. At the same time, it will conduct comprehensive investigation, evaluation and research on hydrothermal sulfides, deep-sea biogenetic resources and other potential non-traditional resources, so as to prepare resources and technology for commercial exploration and exploitation.

(5) Investigation and sampling of seabed gas hydrate resources. Preferably, the northern part of the South China Sea and other land slope areas as a test exploration area, carry out survey work in stages, and preliminarily find out the characteristics of natural gas hydrate and the conditions of its existence. Arrange a certain number of voyages for survey sampling and drilling, define the gas hydrate resource prospecting area in China's sea area, and identify the amount of resources and a certain amount of geological reserves.

2. Actively participate in global marine scientific research and resource development and protection

Participate actively in the various ocean affairs of the United Nations system, and contribute to the development of marine science, the protection of marine resources and the environment, and the improvement of the regulations and systems of marine resources and environmental protection. It participates in international cooperation in global and regional marine scientific research, in the development and protection of marine biological resources, in the field of marine ecological environmental protection, and in the exploration and development of resources and environmental protection in the international seabed area, so as to create a favorable environment and conditions for our country to utilize the world's marine resources.

3, the formulation of preferential policies to encourage the use of world marine resources

In order to encourage and guide "going out" to develop and utilize the world's marine resources, an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism should be established to unify the planning and management of simplified approval. Establishment of contact channels to provide liaison and services for "going out" to develop and utilize the world's marine resources. Special funding should be arranged to support the development and utilization of key marine areas and major marine resources in order to reduce risks and encourage and guide the utilization of foreign marine resources. For projects to develop and utilize the world's marine resources, support will be provided under the export credit scheme by increasing the amount of export credit and relaxing credit conditions. Special arrangements will be made for import quotas and import licenses and preferential tariff policies will be implemented for the share of products obtained from the exploitation of marine resources abroad. Carry out research on the availability of marine resources worldwide, establish a service and support system for "going out" to develop and utilize the world's marine resources, and provide decision-making support for the implementation of the global strategy.

4, the development and improvement of marine resources development and protection planning

Marine resources exploration and development needs to have macro-planning guidance, the establishment of resource planning system. To develop the necessary special resource planning, such as fishery resources planning, marine oil and gas resources planning, as well as local regional planning, the formation of national, provincial, municipal (county) planning system. It is necessary to rationalize the relationship between different kinds of marine resources planning, the relationship between resource development and environmental protection, to ensure the rational development and effective protection of marine resources.

5, the establishment and sound marine resource management system

Marine resource management is a systematic project. Firstly, we should take the management of the use of sea areas as the basis for strengthening the institutional construction of comprehensive management of the ocean, including the construction of relatively centralized marine management institutions, the establishment of a well-equipped multi-functional maritime law enforcement team, and the establishment of the central and local hierarchical management system. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the formulation of administrative measures for the comprehensive management of the oceans, including multifaceted marine policies for the safeguarding of maritime rights and interests, the rational development and utilization of marine resources and the protection of the marine ecosystem, as well as planning for the development and protection of marine resources. The third is to strengthen law enforcement and management work, based on the "Chinese People's Republic of China Sea Area Use Management Law" to strengthen the management of sea area use and comprehensive management of marine resources, and increase the law enforcement of the management of the development and utilization of marine resources, to ensure that the development and protection of marine resources in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner.

6, carry out and strengthen the marine ecological construction

Marine resources development should be closely integrated with marine environmental protection, marine ecological construction, and gradually phase out seriously polluting and wasteful of resources development activities, control the total amount of pollutant emissions, reduce the pressure of environmental pollution and ecological damage. The development of ecological farming and coastal tourism, the establishment of coastal ecological cities, ecological demonstration zones, the rapid growth of the marine economy on the basis of a virtuous cycle of marine ecology. It will establish a marine environment monitoring and observation system and an evaluation system, strengthen total volume control, pollution prevention and control and ecological protection, and slow down and curb the momentum of environmental pollution and ecological damage in key near-shore sea areas. The total amount of pollutants entering the sea in Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay, Dalian Bay, Jiaozhou Bay, the mouth of the Yangtze River, Hangzhou Bay, Daya Bay and the mouth of the Pearl River will be controlled. It will strengthen marine ecological construction and management of marine protected areas, effectively protect marine biodiversity, and establish a number of demonstration projects for the protection of marine resources and ecology.

Conclusion

The ocean is a rich and underdeveloped treasure trove of resources. Marine resources are the inherited heritage of mankind***. The sustainable development of mankind is bound to rely more and more on the ocean, the development and utilization of marine resources for China's long-term development is of great strategic significance. The exploration and development of marine resources is still at an initial stage, and the sea area that has been explored by human beings through detailed surveys does not exceed 10 per cent of the total area of the oceans, and many of the marine resources that have been discovered are still difficult to develop and utilize. The issue of marine resources is a long-term strategic issue that requires national integrated planning, and the 21st century is the century of the oceans, so we need to plan the exploration and development of marine resources with a strategic vision, arrange for a number of projects of the century, map out the resource base of the sea under our jurisdiction, formulate a reasonable development plan, and go abroad to actively utilize the world's marine resources, so that we can provide the resource base and guarantee for the sustainable development of the national economy and society, and make a contribution to the realization of the great renaissance of the Chinese nation in the 21st century. In the 21st century, we will make a greater contribution to the realization of the great renaissance of the Chinese nation.

③News angle:

Marine development is of far-reaching significance for China's future

Lu Zhiqiang, deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said in Qingdao a few days ago that exploring the ocean, developing the ocean, utilizing the ocean, and protecting the ocean will become a new hotspot for global development and a new stage for global competition. Efforts to develop the marine high-tech industry is a strategic move for the future of the Chinese nation and must not be taken lightly.

Along with the great achievements of human science and technology and economic development, human society has also paid a heavy price, including the rapid growth of population, land resources are decreasing, and the ecological environment continues to deteriorate. These phenomena have seriously threatened the future of mankind. While redefining their new ways of behavior, people cannot help but look for new space for development and new alternative sources of resources in order to strive for the sustainable development of mankind, so they once again turn their attention and expectations to the oceans.

The research, development and protection of the oceans and seas is a strategic issue that concerns the overall development of all mankind, as well as a specific country. China is a developing country, the huge population on the resources and land pressure, is difficult to compare with any other country in the world, the development of the "blue country" for the future development of China's significance is more far-reaching.

For example, the prospect of desalination issues, will directly affect the development of China's posture and economic decision-making. Some experts predict that in 2030, China's population will reach 1.5 to 1.6 billion, and water shortages may become a more serious crisis than energy shortages. The development of seawater utilization technology, including seawater desalination technology and the direct use of seawater as industrial and domestic water technology, will be directly related to the survival and development of the Chinese nation.

China's government attaches great importance to high-tech and its industrialization, and has made remarkable achievements. But comparatively speaking, China's marine high-tech and its industrialization is not only relative to the world level, but also relative to the country's other high-tech fields, such as space technology, electronics, biotechnology, information technology, etc. is still lagging behind. According to the statistics of some experts, the contribution rate of scientific progress factors in the development of marine economy in developed countries has reached about 80%, while in China it is still only more than 30%. Our country has already been affected by the lack of advanced equipment, capital and corresponding technology in many areas of marine economy and research. Therefore, China's development of marine high-tech and industrialization is not only very necessary, but also very urgent.