Allusions about screens! ! !

English: screen

As an important part of traditional furniture, screen has a long history. At first, our ancestors' home furnishings were very simple. With the development of society, people's material life is gradually enriched, and their aesthetic concepts have also undergone tremendous changes. Therefore, the production of screens in furniture came into being. The birth of the screen was originally designed specifically behind the emperor's throne, called "?" "axe?" . It is framed by wood, covered with crimson silk and painted with axes and cymbals, which has become a symbol of imperial power. "Historical Records" also records: "The son of heaven stands on the screen". After a long period of development, screens began to spread to the people and entered the homes of ordinary people, becoming an important part of ancient interior decoration.

Screens are generally displayed in a conspicuous position indoors, which plays the role of separation, beautification, wind protection and coordination. It and classical furniture reflect each other and complement each other, becoming an inseparable whole of home decoration, showing a harmonious and quiet beauty. There are many kinds of screens, such as vertical screens and folding screens. Later, there was a screen insert purely for decoration, which was petite and interesting. In ancient times, the screen production of princes and nobles was very particular, using mica, crystal, glass and other materials, and using ivory, jade, enamel, jadeite, gold and silver and other valuables in the mosaic process. It can be described as extremely luxurious. However, most folk screen production advocates practicality and simplicity. There are many people who display plain screens. Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, this trend has prevailed. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a book on Su Ping, saying, "Isn't there Li's seal script, his calligraphy, frontier flowers and birds, and his turquoise?" I don't want to add a little painting to it. I want to be faithful and all white. " It shows its admiration for flat screens. Compared with Huaping, the home of Emperor Zhou, the folk plain screen is really unique and carefree.

There are various traditional crafts in China, but the ancients still have a special liking for screens. Because it combines practicality and appreciation, it has both aesthetic value and practical value. Its aesthetic value is not only reflected in the technical skill of the picture itself, but also in painting poems on the picture, giving the picture new aesthetic connotation. According to historical records, Emperor Taizong once put his "On Governing the Country" on the screen as a warning. The ancients painted the deeds of famous emperors, generals or famous virtuous women on the screen, which played the role of praise and preaching. From this perspective, the meaning of the screen has been greatly extended. The ancients painted poems on the screen in different forms. Landscape painting was the earliest, and screens appeared in Dunhuang murals, with images of mountains and rivers in them. The most famous painting of the Five Dynasties is Han Xizai's banquet, in which there is a big screen with a landscape pattern. Then, screen painting has a wide range of themes, including landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, Bo Gu, calligraphy and so on. The habit of painting poems on the screen has long spread to Japan, and many of their traditional paintings, Ukiyo-e, are painted on the screen, which can prove the cultural exchange between China and Japan.

Screen has a long history, rich forms and colorful techniques. As a wonderful flower in the traditional craft field, it is widely spread and deeply loved by people. The use of screens began in the early Western Zhou Dynasty and was called "the ground". At first, it was used for wind and shade, and then it developed continuously, and the varieties tended to be diversified, including not only tall screens, but also smaller screens for beds and pillows, as well as special and purely decorative furnishings.

During the Han and Tang Dynasties, almost all wealthy families used screens. Its form has also increased from the previous generation, from the original single screen to a multi-screen curved screen, which can be folded and opened. Before the Han dynasty, screens were mostly painted on wooden boards, but since the invention of papermaking, they were mostly paper paste.

The types of screens are floor screen, bed screen, comb screen, lamp screen and so on. However, according to the texture, there are more, such as jade screen, carved screen, glass screen, mica screen, silk screen, painting screen and so on.

Hanging screens appeared after the Ming Dynasty, which exceeded the practicality of screens and became pure decorations. With the change of society, it is difficult for modern people's lifestyle to regard it as a family decoration, so that its scope is gradually narrowing, and it can only be found in special cultural places, such as theaters, teahouses and storytelling fields. In recent years, people at home and abroad have renewed their interest in Chinese classical furniture, and the aesthetic feeling of classical furniture culture, including screens, is gradually being re-recognized. We hope that people can dig out new aesthetic feeling and get new enlightenment from traditional screen technology.

Screen: make the home look more beautiful

I often hear some friends complain that they want to put a screen between the living room and the dining room at home. I have traveled all over the furniture stores in the city and found that there are too few screens suitable for my needs. Either there are few styles, and most of them are Chinese designs; Or occasionally find a screen with novel design, and the price is not cheap.

In fact, small screens are really hard to find. Even large furniture stores rarely set up counter sales screens, and only a few beautifully arranged furniture stores can find several models. Therefore, consumers really need to spend more time and energy if they want to buy a screen that suits their heart. But for many people, even for the screen, it doesn't matter. Because putting a beautiful screen at home is like putting a veil on a dignified woman, which can add a little elegance and charm.

China's screen is elegant and gorgeous.

The most common screen in the market is Chinese screen, and the price varies greatly according to the selected wood, carving skill and size. Cheap ones are only a few hundred yuan, while high-quality ones are expensive. Chinese screens give people a gorgeous and elegant feeling. Various patterns are displayed on the screen. Under the skillful hands of craftsmen, flowers, birds, insects, fish and figures are lifelike. If you like the elegance and beauty of Chinese furniture, then Chinese screens are undoubtedly a good match. Of course, even if the home style is not dominated by Chinese design, you can choose Chinese screens. Under the harmony of different design elements, it may bring unexpected effects.

Japanese screens are also close to Chinese screens, which are also famous for their elegant design. The patterns of Japanese traditional screens are also based on historical stories, people, plants and so on. And most of them are meticulous paintings. In terms of color, soft tones such as gold, gray and white are also used, but authentic Japanese screens on the market are hard to find.

Fashion screens are very decorative.

A screen with fashionable design is sometimes even more attractive than the furniture placed in front of it. This kind of screen is very bold and novel in both material and design. In the choice of materials, those heavy materials are often discarded and replaced by transparent and soft materials. According to reports, in the past, the screen mainly played the role of separating space, and now it emphasizes the decorative side of the screen. The thin curtain not only keeps the space well ventilated and transparent, but also creates the effect of "separation without separation". In terms of color, it is more colorful than traditional colors such as black, white and gray. Jumping red, bright yellow and bright green are all sought after colors. In terms of patterns, it is even more dazzling. If it is difficult to make a choice, geometry, floral and solid colors will never go out of fashion.

If you find this eye-catching design difficult to match, you may wish to refer to several demonstration works of the designer. Pink sofa bed, mahogany coffee table and blooming flowers are not as gorgeous as a red screen behind the sofa bed. Beautiful furnishings may be more suitable for ladies. Simple solid wood big bed, referring to the design of traditional big bed bedstead in China, combined with western animal pattern bedspread, durable and fashionable. This combination of Chinese and western design cooperates with the hanging screen hanging on the bedside. The simple style of bright yellow and black, jumping without fancy, has a unique taste, and this design is more suitable for men's tastes.

In addition, some designers also put several bags of different sizes on the screen, and they can put magazines, newspapers and other items at will every day, which is simple and practical. It is said that this style of screen was immediately loved by young people as soon as it went on the market. It seems that the beauty of the screen makes home look more beautiful.

There are various traditional crafts in China, but the ancients still have a special liking for screens. Because it combines practicality and appreciation, it has both aesthetic value and practical value. Its aesthetic value is not only reflected in the technical skill of the picture itself, but also in painting poems on the picture, giving the picture new aesthetic connotation. According to historical records, Emperor Taizong once put his "On Governing the Country" on the screen as a warning. The ancients painted the deeds of famous emperors, generals or famous virtuous women on the screen, which played the role of praise and preaching. From this perspective, the meaning of the screen has been greatly extended. The ancients painted poems on the screen in different forms. Landscape painting was the earliest, and screens appeared in Dunhuang murals, with images of mountains and rivers in them. The most famous painting of the Five Dynasties is Han Xizai's "The Night Banquet", in which there is a large screen with a landscape pattern. Then, screen painting has a wide range of themes, including landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, Bo Gu, calligraphy and so on. The habit of painting poems on the screen has long spread to Japan, and many of their traditional paintings, Ukiyo-e, are painted on the screen, which can prove the cultural exchange between China and Japan. Screen has a long history, rich forms and colorful techniques. As a wonderful flower in the traditional craft field, it is widely spread and deeply loved by people. However, with the changes of society, it is difficult for modern people to regard it as a family furnishings, so that its scope is gradually narrowing, and it can only be found in special cultural places, such as theaters, teahouses and storytelling fields. In recent years, people at home and abroad have renewed their interest in Chinese classical furniture, and the aesthetic feeling of classical furniture culture, including screens, is gradually being re-recognized. We hope that people can dig out new aesthetic feeling and get new enlightenment from traditional screen technology. Screen: Make the home look more beautiful. I often hear some friends complain that they want to put a screen between the living room and the dining room at home. I have traveled all over the furniture malls in the city and found that there are too few screens suitable for my needs. Either there are few styles, and most of them are Chinese designs; Or occasionally find a screen with novel design, and the price is not cheap. In fact, small screens are really hard to find. Even large furniture stores rarely set up counter sales screens, and only a few beautifully arranged furniture stores can find several models. Therefore, consumers really need to spend more time and energy if they want to buy a screen that suits their heart. But for many people, even for the screen, it doesn't matter. Because putting a beautiful screen at home is like putting a veil on a dignified woman, which can add a little elegance and charm. The most common Chinese screen on the market is elegant and gorgeous, and the price varies greatly according to the selected wood, carving skills and size. Cheap ones are only a few hundred yuan, while high-quality ones are expensive. Chinese screens give people a gorgeous and elegant feeling. Various patterns are displayed on the screen. Under the skillful hands of craftsmen, flowers, birds, insects, fish and figures are lifelike. If you like the elegance and beauty of Chinese furniture, then Chinese screens are undoubtedly a good match. Of course, even if the home style is not dominated by Chinese design, you can choose Chinese screens. Under the harmony of different design elements, it may bring unexpected effects. Japanese screens are also close to Chinese screens, which are also famous for their elegant design. The patterns of Japanese traditional screens are also based on historical stories, people, plants and so on. And most of them are meticulous paintings. In terms of color, soft tones such as gold, gray and white are also used, but authentic Japanese screens on the market are hard to find. The fashionable screen is very decorative. Fashionable screens are sometimes even more eye-catching than the furniture in front of them. This kind of screen is very bold and novel in both material and design. In the choice of materials, those heavy materials are often discarded and replaced by transparent and soft materials. According to reports, in the past, the screen mainly played the role of separating space, and now it emphasizes the decorative side of the screen. The thin curtain not only keeps the space well ventilated and transparent, but also creates the effect of "separation without separation". In terms of color, it is more colorful than traditional colors such as black, white and gray. Jumping red, bright yellow and bright green are all sought after colors. In terms of patterns, it is even more dazzling. If it is difficult to make a choice, geometry, floral and solid colors will never go out of fashion. If you find this eye-catching design difficult to match, you may wish to refer to several demonstration works of the designer. Pink sofa bed, mahogany coffee table and blooming flowers are not as gorgeous as a red screen behind the sofa bed. Beautiful furnishings may be more suitable for ladies. Simple solid wood big bed, referring to the design of traditional big bed bedstead in China, combined with western animal pattern bedspread, durable and fashionable. This combination of Chinese and western design cooperates with the hanging screen hanging on the bedside. The simple style of bright yellow and black, jumping without fancy, has a unique taste, and this design is more suitable for men's tastes. In addition, some designers also put several bags of different sizes on the screen, and they can put magazines, newspapers and other items at will every day, which is simple and practical. It is said that this style of screen was immediately loved by young people as soon as it went on the market. It seems that the beauty of the screen makes home look more beautiful.

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First, the origin of the screen

"Yuan" said: "Yu Zuoping." Although this statement is early, there is no evidence to prove that its "Three Rites" says, "The name of the screen comes from the Han Dynasty, so Ban Gu Shu has many words." Although this statement is well-founded, it is also recorded earlier. Historical records; Biography of Meng Changjun records that "Meng Changjun used the language of hospitality, and there was always a history of attendance behind the screen, and the owner remembered the gentleman's position and the guest language", which shows that the name of the screen existed in the Warring States Period. The use of screens began as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty. But at that time, the screen had no name, so it was called "mansion" or "". Zhou Li; Nakazawa Tomohide; Zhang Ji: "Build a royal residence." Ashali pointed to the screen. The palace is a screen decorated with painted phoenix patterns. Screen can also be called "seat" or "seat", which refers to the screen behind the throne. Shangshu; Gu Ming: "Dishev makes clothes. "Book of Rites": "The son of heaven erected an axe in the room. Zheng Xuan said: "Nowadays, simple screens also have the power to embroider axes. Han Shu; Biography of Yanzhuchuan: "Passive dependence." Zhu: "White and black painting is also called axe pattern. According to reading, it looks like a screen and is arc-shaped. The painting is painted with axe pattern, which stretches from room to room. "In Volume VIII of the Three Rites Map, the minister said," Several big courtyards and big towns shoot them, and all those who are ordered by the king of the country are placed on the throne (with the same axe). "The system, with wood as the frame, paste with crimson silks, painted with axe lines, narration of the blade, and black beside the gong. It's called the golden axe, which means the golden axe was cut off. The old picture shows a cloud, which is eight feet wide vertically, and draws an axe without a handle, meaning to stand without using it. In fact, it not only has the function of wind protection, but also is a very delicate display. By the Warring States period, the production of screens had reached a high artistic level. The lacquer sitting screen unearthed from the Chu Tomb of the Warring States Period in Xinyang, Henan Province, although it belongs to the funerary objects, its manufacturing skills and technological level are amazing. The screen seat is twisted and coiled by several flatworms, which makes the work smooth and natural, and with the decoration of colored paint, the flatworms are lifelike.

Second, the screen of the Han Dynasty

In the Han Dynasty, screens were more widely used, and all rich and powerful families had screens. According to "Miscellanies of Xijing", "When Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was a prince, Sixian Hospital was built to attract guests. There are six halls in the garden, and the rooms are all spacious in Gao Xuan, with beautiful screens and curtains. "

Compared with the previous generation, the types and forms of screens in Han Dynasty have been improved. In addition to single screen, there are many curved screens, also called combined screen or overlapping screen. At this time, the screen is often used in combination with the bed. For example, the screen of Han Dynasty stone relief in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, has a matching bed and mattress in the middle. There are two sides and three sides, and there are many fans and two sides. The two sides are used to erect a door behind the bed, and then fold the other door at right angles to block one end of the bed. Three-sided use is to set up a door at the back of the bed, with one on the left and one on the right around both ends, and there are many two sides, that is, there are two or three doors around the back, one of which is folded at right angles and the other is standing at one side of the bed. A weapon rack is also installed on the screen. For example, there is a screen on the stone relief in Donganqiu, and a weapon rack is installed on the right side of the back to place weapons such as swords. There is another one, put in the back, which is the same length as the bed. For example, the mural screen of the Eastern Han Tomb in Gansu and Linger is a small screen with a very low screen.

Among the artifacts unearthed in recent years, the color screen unearthed from Mawangdui Tomb in Changsha is the most typical, with a black face and a bamboo back, a dragon pattern painted on the front, a green body and bamboo scales, which are vivid and natural. The vermilion floor on the back is painted with light green prismatic geometric patterns, with a grain jade in the center and wide prismatic colored edges around the board. Two wooden brackets with notches are installed under the lower frame to ensure the screen body to stand upright. The pottery screen unearthed from Jian Xi Han Tomb in Luoyang also belongs to this category.

Screen, generally used indoors, occasionally used outdoors, but rarely. There is a big screen, which is used to cover the door, and its position is relatively fixed, so it is called "tree". Some people also call the screen "plug the door" or "Xiao Qiang". Erya; Gong Shi: "The screen is a tree." Book of rites; Miscellaneous note: "Trees, screens and vertical screens should cover the inside and outside." "The emperor's outer screen, the vassal's inner screen." Zheng Xuan's Note: "Screen is a tree, and it is today." It can be seen that the screen at that time still had the name "Yi".

The name "Xu" has a long history, but it gradually disappeared when it arrived at Wang Mang. At that time, people often interpreted it as "reflection". After Wang Mang usurped power, he changed his country name to "Xin" and ordered the demolition of the Han tomb, in order to make people stop thinking about Han.

Indoor screens are mostly made of wood, while outdoor screens are rarely made of wood. In order to resist wind and rain erosion, it is often made of soil and stone. The function is the same as the screen wall and photo wall we see today. Bao's Notes on the Past and the Present contains: "The portrait in the screen is also familiar with the door outside the house. When I came to the imperial court, I gave up outside the door and became more familiar with what I had to do. " This means that when people step out of the screen, they will stop and think for a while. Here is a screen. Once you bypass the screen, you should be polite and have no time to think. Therefore, when the door is on the screen, it can shelter from the wind and light, increase the indoor furnishings, and draw a special area for visitors to give people a place to think and prepare.

In the Han Dynasty, screens were painted with wooden boards. After the invention of paper, people often use paper paste to draw various images of gods and animals on it. Book of later Han dynasty; "Song Hongchuan" is very popular, sitting on the new screen, painting women, and paying attention to the emperor. Zheng Hong said, "If you don't regard good virtue as good sex, the emperor will dismiss you." "This kind of screen is generally composed of many fans. Each fan is connected by a button, which can be folded, lighter, put away when used, and put away when not in use. This is called a curved screen. Four fans are called four songs, and six fans are called six songs. There are also many mosaic panoramic screens.

There are also carved holes in the screen, and a wooden painted seat screen was unearthed from the Chu tomb in Xinyang, Henan Province. This kind of screen is mostly made of wood with a strong three-dimensional pattern carved in the middle, which is purely decorative. In the Han dynasty, this kind of screen was still very popular. "Three Auxiliary Records" contains: "He Chang is the satrap of Runan, and the emperor Zhang Xun is the emperor of Nanjun."

There is also a smaller screen, called "sitting apart", which is mostly a single fan. There is a description of this kind of screen in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "When Zheng Hong was Tai Wei, it was not uncommon to mention his brother's five virtues. Next is the shift change. Every time I see you at the new moon, I bow my head and feel inferior. When I ask you why, just listen to the mica screen. " The reflection of the three kingdoms; "Wu Shu" contains: "When Emperor Jing was in office, he was the official minister, and Zi Zhi was the official minister. Every time the court meets, the imperial edict separates his seat with a screen. " These two records can help us further understand the use of screens at that time.

Three. Screen in Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Wei, Jin, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the use of screens was more common than that of the previous generation. Not only the bedroom display screen, but also the daily use of wormwood seats, beds and other sides are affixed with small screens. There are generally three screens of this kind, and the screen borders are connected by buttons. After people sit down, turn on the screen and set one on the left and one on the right. In the Biography of Lienv by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, we can also see the scene of using screens at that time. There are three screens in the picture, which depict the scenery. This kind of three-screen can stand upright, without installing a base, just open one. At this time, the screen not only plays the role of display, but also plays the role of wind protection. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, this kind of screen began to develop to high places, and the number was increasing. Southern history; "Wang Yuan Ru Chuan": "The screen bends as the Romans do, and Liang Xiao Ziyun flies with a white book on the screen." The main feature of folding screen is light and flexible, but single screen is not. It is big and heavy, and must be supported by a heavy vertical wooden seat, otherwise it cannot stand upright. Because of its stability, its position in indoor furnishings is relatively fixed.

Painting and calligraphy screens prevailed in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and were frequently recorded in historical books and paintings presented at that time. New Tang book; There is a saying in the Biography of Wei Zhi: "The emperor took the sparse column on the flag as an obstacle." New Tang book; Li Jiangchuan: "Li Jiangyuan received a bachelor's degree in two years, and Xian Zong ordered Cui Qun, Qian Hui, Wei Hongjing and Bai Juyi. , and searched for 50 kinds of success or failure, which is a continuous screen. " "In the old four years, there were fourteen disciplines of monarch and minister, and six screens were written." There is also a screen with pictures on both sides, which can be displayed at will. Not on one side, but on the wall. This kind of screen connection is not limited in number, and can be added as needed. Ning said in Qing Dynasty that during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, 70 screen paintings were made by Meng Zhixiang in Houshu, which were connected by movable buttons and displayed at will. In later years, it was often used as a place to sleep and was called the Screen Palace.

Four. Screen in Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties

There is little information about the picture scheme in Song Dynasty, but there is a lot of image information. For example, the screen in the Song Dynasty painting "Five Tones Clear and Sparse Map" is wide on all sides, and the frame is embedded with an inner frame, which is divided into several grids by dwarfs and beams, with panels and embossed tapestries in the grids, and the screen center depicts landscapes. There is a skirt under the screen, with curved edges carved vertically and a chopping block under it. The screen in Li's Learning Qin in Middle School belongs to the same type as that in Fan Zhongyan's Portrait. Wide frame, plain face, without any decoration. The skirt is carved from the doorway of the pot, with vertical teeth on both sides. The base and screen frame are made of wood. From the pictures, they are all outdoor scenes. It is speculated that this kind of screen is made of silk paste, and its weight will not be too large.

The use of screens was also manifested in the tombs of the Song Dynasty. The mural "Sitting Opposite" of the Song Tomb in Yuxian County, Henan Province depicts the scene of the tomb owner and his wife sitting opposite each other and drinking tea. Two people are sitting in an armchair with a screen behind them. This display form is mainly to show the status and identity of the owner. Small screen, dedicated to fans. Judging from the proportion of characters in the picture, the height is roughly the same as the height of people standing. I guess it's also a portable thing, so you can use it at will.

The larger picture image should be represented by Master Sketch in Song Dynasty, with a unique fan at the center of the picture. Judging from the proportion of characters in the picture, it is huge. There is a diamond-shaped wide edge in the wooden frame, and the screen center is decorated with hexagonal turtle back brocade, which is much longer than the kang couch set in front of the screen. There are three screens in Liu Songnian's "Luohan Tu" in Song Dynasty. The middle fan is slightly larger and the side fan is slightly narrower. It bends forward at a certain angle, showing a figure of eight, and can stand upright on its own. This kind of physical information includes the statue of the Virgin in the painted sculpture of Jinci in Datong, Shanxi. The virgin sits on the throne of phoenix, with three screens of seawater behind her. The front fan of the screen is wide, and the fans on both sides are slightly narrow and slightly forward, showing a figure of eight. This exhibition form originated from the "axe" in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, this form was still preserved in the palace.

There are also many examples in archaeological excavations, such as the stone screen style of the Song Dynasty unearthed in Fangcheng County, Henan Province. There are thin lines around the screen frame and rungs at the lower part for additional reinforcement. Plain face with tenon under it. From the shape, it belongs to the same kind as the screen behind the owner of the Song Dynasty mural tomb in Yuxian County, Henan Province. Under the rung, two sides are carved with flowers, one with small flowers and pomegranate lines and the other with hibiscus flowers. The Golden Tomb in Datong, Shanxi Province has two civil screens made of poplar, with a height of 1 16 cm, a bottom height of 38.7 cm and a screen width of 38.3cm.. It consists of a moire base and a rectangular screen frame. The frame is fitted with a grid frame, and the two sides are pasted with silk, and then the drawing is done, leaving only fragments. There are two screen seats under the screen frame, and there are openings on the screen seats. When the screen is inserted into the opening, it can stand upright. Four stone seats were unearthed from the Song Tomb in Yandianzhuang Village, Fangcheng, Henan Province. The pattern was rolled up on both sides with a rectangular gap in the middle. It is 9.5 cm high, and the purpose of the excavation report is not stated. Compared with the ceramic screen base unearthed from Wang Qing's tomb in Yuan Dynasty in Baimahe, Datong, Shanxi, it can be concluded that this is a base specially designed for erecting screens. The screen painted by the mural of Yu Yin Tomb in Gaotang and Jin Dynasties in Shandong Province is also decorated with exquisite peony patterns.

In addition to Wang Qing's tomb, there are wooden screens unearthed from Feng Daozhen's tomb in Datong City in the Yuan Dynasty. The foundation is rotten. Judging from the remaining traces, it is a cloud-headed seat. The upper part of the screen body is carved with a small square window with four slats around it. The lower part of the screen is divided into three squares with two square blocks, and painted with dark brown pigment and tung oil.

In the Song Dynasty, screens were divided into small compartments in shape and decoration, especially screen frames, which were still widely used in the Ming Dynasty.

V. Screen in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Before the Song Dynasty, the screen was mainly practical, followed by decoration. In the Ming Dynasty, screens were not only practical furniture, but also indispensable indoor decorations. Screens in Ming Dynasty can be divided into two types: one is screen and the other is curved screen. The screen is divided into various combinations and single screen insertion. A multi-seat screen consists of multiple fans, or three fans, or five fans, up to nine fans, all of which are odd. Each fan is connected with a movable tenon, which can be disassembled at any time. There is a long tenon pin under the screen, which is inserted in the hole on the seat surface. The base is mostly in the shape of "eight", the middle sector is higher and slightly wider, and the sectors on both sides are slightly inward, which makes the screen stand up.