Data collection of Siping tune

Siping tune evolved from the flower drum in eastern Henan, and then developed by absorbing the accents of Pingju, Peking Opera and Henan Opera, gradually perfecting its unique singing and performance style. With the melody of ancient paintings as the soundtrack, the six-sided Gao Hu as the leading stringed instrument, the percussion instrument of Bangzi Opera as the foil, and the singing meaning of ancient paintings, a local opera with unique local characteristics and close to people's lives has been formed.

Because the evolution and development process of Siping Tune is clear and well-founded, it is called "the epitome of China opera development" by experts in the industry, and it has a special position in the development and evolution of China opera art. Over the past 100 years, Siping Tune has been full of painstaking efforts and wisdom of folk artists, leaving hundreds of kilometers of excellent local operas on both sides of the ancient Yellow River in Fiona Fang, which are deeply loved by the people.

As a rare local opera, Siping Tune is only popular in the border areas of Henan, Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. Because it is dominated by flower drums, it absorbs the tunes of Pingju, Peking Opera and Bangzi, and some people call it "Siping Tune", which was later renamed as "Siping Tune". Some people think it's named because the tune is fluent, even four sentences. Siping tune has a special position in China traditional opera art, and it is a wonderful flower in China folk art. ..

On May 20th, 2006, "Shangqiu Siping Tune" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

In 2008, Jinxiang Siping Tune was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

20 14 12.3 "Dangshan four-level tune" was approved by the State Council to be included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

(Overview: "Xiang Mei" starring Zou Aiqin, the inheritor of intangible cultural heritage of Shangqiu Siping Tune)

Basic introduction Chinese name: Siping Tune Approval Time: 2006 Intangible Cultural Heritage Level: National Intangible Cultural Heritage Category: Traditional Drama Heritage No. : IV-50 Application area: Shangqiu, Fanxian and Jinxiang. A Brief History of Chengwu and Dangshan Dramas, Traditional Plays, Artistic Features, Artists and Significance, and A Brief History of Dramas, Siping Tune, evolved on the basis of ancient paintings in eastern Henan, and gradually improved their unique singing and performance styles through excavation and sorting. Popular in Anhui, northern Jiangsu, southern Henan, eastern Henan, western Shandong and southern Shandong, it has a history of more than 60 years, and gradually evolved from Zou Jiaban, the leader of Dangshan Huagu Opera, and some of his peers. It, Huangmei Opera, Henan Opera, Quju Opera and Shandong Drum Opera are all popular local operas. Since the four tones originated in Dangshan, so far, some theatrical troupes in Dangshan urban and rural areas have to have four tones when rehearsing. Some middle-aged people, old people and children who like listening to opera can also hum a few sad and melodious four tones in their leisure time. When Shangqiu Siping Troupe performed in Shangqiu County on 1935, it was discussed by the owners and artists Yan Yucheng, Xu, Wang, Pang and others. According to the fact that all the actors and actresses in Huagu sing with their own voices, the tune is steady, and there is also the name of "flat tone" in Huabu, so it is proposed to borrow the meaning of steady. 1963, Siping Opera Troupe was established in Dangshan County. The troupe went from village to village and staged many four-tone plays in succession, which was very popular. Since the Ming Dynasty, the rise of Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Pihuang Opera and Bangzi has influenced and promoted the development of various forms of traditional Chinese opera. In the late Qing Dynasty, the east, south, west and north flower drums centered on Mount Li evolved into several other operas through various channels. After the Republic of China, there were three famous flower drum classes in the border areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and Henan. First, Zou Jiaban, headed by Zou from Zhangxiaolou Village, Zhouzhai District, Dangshan County; The second is the "Yanjiaban" headed by Yanyucheng, Xidoulou Village, Zhouzhai District; The third is the "Zhenjiaban" headed by Zhen Youming from Pei County, Jiangsu Province. There are only seven or eight students in each class, who often live in northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southern Shandong, western Shandong, eastern Henan and southern Henan. Du Xueting, the provincial inheritor of Sixingdiao in Jinxiang, 1928. When Zou Jiaban was performed in Jiangsu Xinpu Opera Garden, the female part removed the stilts, the male part removed the flower drum, put on the costume and imitated the makeup, and walked out of the stall and made its debut. 193 1, Dangshan Flower Drum Artists Yan Yucheng, Pang Shiying, Hefeng County Flower Drum Artists, Xu and others, according to the suggestions of the audience, * * * think that there is a "flat-tone" board in the flower drum, and they use the flower drum with a steady meaning. Prior to this, due to the continuous improvement of the performance of the flower drum, the names of "civilized flower drum", "stringed bang", "dry bang" and "old bang" were used. At this time, although the ancient painting class was renamed as "Siping Tune", there was still no breakthrough in the singing and accompaniment of ancient paintings.

1937, after the July 7th Incident, three classes, Zou, Yan and Zhen, performed in Taikang, Henan Province and were named "Sanyi Society". "Sanyi Club" was renamed "Mang Art Troupe".

1940, "Mangmiao Troupe" performed on the same stage as Henan Opera actors Li Jinbo, Chen Wanshun and Yang Fude. At that time, the opera had strings but no percussion, while the ancient paintings had the effect of percussion without strings, which influenced the artists of ancient paintings, thus making them have a strong desire to add strings. 194 1 year, "Mangmiao Opera Troupe" performed on the same stage with actors Kong Diane, Kong Dianling and Kong, and was once again influenced by strings, so it is more urgent to add strings.

1946, when Mangmiao Opera Troupe was performing in Bo County, Anhui Province, Zou, Yan Yucheng, Zhang Xinkui and others came forward and hired three classes of string workers from Xia Yi, Henan Province. Together with Fei and others, they started the research and practice of adding strings to the flower drum, and put forward that the "flat tone" of the flower drum should be the basis of male and female singing, and discard its dross. Since then, string accompaniment has been added, and the "Flower Drum" has evolved into a "four-tone", giving birth to this new local opera, and then musical instruments such as, Sanxian, Suona, Sheng and flute have been added, which has been further improved. "Flower Drum" evolved into a "four-tone", which not only changed the title of the play, but also improved the repertoire, performing arts and stage equipment. Like other plays, there are costumes and props. The performing arts of singing, reading, doing and playing have also made new breakthroughs. At first, "Siping Tune" performed more "three plays" (namely, Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and the clown). After liberation, businesses such as longevity, Dan, purity and ugliness gradually formed. Can not only perform small dramas, but also Taiwanese dramas, as well as literary dramas and martial arts dramas, various types of excellent traditions and modern dramas. In performing arts, the "four-level tune" retains the artistic characteristics of the combination of singing, dancing and rap in ancient paintings. When performing excellent traditional plays, Peking Opera's makeup methods and facial makeup are often used. After the artists headed by Zou and Wang moved to Shangqiu in 1947, they were accepted by the people in 1949 and renamed Zhu Jishi (now Shangqiu) Art Troupe in 195 1 year. In the same year, Jinxiang County, Shan County and Cao County in Shandong Province, Fengxian County and Peixian County in Jiangsu Province, Dangshan County in Anhui Province, and Fanxian County and Heng Chang County in Henan Province, four professional and amateur troupes were established one after another, with more than 30 * * *, showing a thriving scene. 1956 The first opera performance in Henan Province, Comrade Zou Aiqin of Shangqiu Siping Opera Troupe starred in "Chen Sanliang Climbing Hall", and Li Xiuying of Fanxian Siping Opera Troupe starred in 1959, 1965 During the performance of modern opera in Henan Province, Liu Xiaohui, Wang Hanting and Dong Junrui starred in "Bagua Garden". With the joint efforts of the old artists and artists, the four-level tune of the youth drama gradually enriched and improved the vocal music, improved the performance skills and stage art, and also processed a number of traditional plays, such as Xiang Mei, San Bao Li Yanming, Huilong Legend, Green Peony, Pearl Shirt and Xiao Bao Gong. He also created gossip gardens, personal money, delivery on the way, thanks to the matchmaker, birthday tears and so on. At first, it was only performed in rural areas and small towns in the border areas of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui, but now it has developed into large and medium-sized cities in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and other provinces, and is loved by the audience. However, due to the widespread popularity of TV and home theater in recent ten years, the categories of China traditional opera art have been seriously impacted. The number of national four-level opera troupes has been reduced from more than 30 to four or five, and most of the actors have changed careers and are in urgent need of help. By the end of 20 14, there were only three professional Siping troupes in Shangqiu, Fanxian and Chengwu, which cooperated and exchanged with each other. There are more than 50 traditional repertoires, such as Gong, Xiao Yuenian, Chen Sanliang's Climbing Hall, Sanyanming, Xiao Guxian and so on. In 1950s and 1960s, Dangshan Siping Troupe rehearsed a large number of dramas, such as Jiao, White-haired Girl and After Harvest. There are more than 20 modern plays rehearsed, and there are different opinions about the name of banyan. According to the disc type of ancient paintings, it can be divided into [24 discs], [flat cavity], [tight disc], [straight plate] and [scattered disc]. A basic aria usually consists of four phrases, and four sentences are turned once. Dan Jiao's singing is similar to Pingju, Xiao Sheng's is similar to Peking Opera, and Xu Sheng and Hua Lian sing Bangzi. Except for Dan, other characters sometimes have different lines and chords, and finally they are unified. Usually after singing a paragraph, the last sentence is reserved for other characters to sing. Accompaniment instruments are mainly high-pitched erhu, as well as sheng, flute, suona, dulcimer, erhu, sanxian and pipa. The four-tone melody with artistic characteristics is based on the flower drum and absorbs a lot of artistic nutrition from other sister operas, forming an artistic style with strong regional characteristics. The female voice is euphemistic and delicate, the male voice is loud and unconstrained, and it combines rigidity and softness, retaining a strong rap feature. Four tones, also known as Ping Er Huang Tone, is the further development of Qingyang Tone in Anhui Province. In the traditional repertoire of Peking Opera, there are four tones in all walks of life except the painted face. The singing style of Siping Tune is similar to that of Huang Er's original tune, with two styles: Xipi and Huanger Tune. Jinghu Lake should be accompanied by Huang Er. There are not many four-tone boards, only the original board and adagio. The melody of these two boards is basically the same, but the rhythm and speed are different. We call the medium-speed rhythm the original four-level soundboard and the slow-speed rhythm the adagio four-level soundboard. Inheriting artists Zou Aiqin and Bai (Shangqiu Opera Troupe) In 2008, Zou Aiqin and Bai of Shangqiu Siping Opera Troupe won the title of representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage projects and assumed the heavy responsibility of inheriting and protecting Siping Opera. Zou Aiqin, Bai, Zhang, Cui Taixian (Puyang Fanxian Troupe), (Shandong Chengwu Troupe) and (Shandong Jinxiang County), the non-genetic inheritors of Shangqiu Siping Tune, have a deep mass base. Chen Sanliang Climbing the stairs, Xiao Bao Gong and Mute Girl Complaining are all well-known TV dramas. At the same time, due to the clear and well-documented evolution and development process from the beginning to the present, Siping Tune is called "a microcosm of the development of China opera", which has a special position in China opera art and is a wonderful flower in China folk art. The countries of Siping Tune attach great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, with the approval of the State Council, the Siping Tune declared by Shangqiu City was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.