Brief introduction of enzyme bacteria technology

The application methods of enzyme bacteria in agriculture are widely used in planting, aquaculture, environmental protection and human health food industry. It is not only an advanced and effective microbial fertilizer to overcome inorganic disadvantages, but also an effective way to apply biotechnology to make traditional agriculture move towards ecological agriculture, form agricultural industrialization and scale, and produce pollution-free green food. Experts call it the second revolution of agricultural technology, which has been popularized and used by more than 20 countries and regions in 2 1 century.

1, like long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, caused a bad cycle of soil conditions. The most prominent is soil hardening, which has poor permeability. Crops can only absorb one-third of the chemical fertilizer applied, and the other two-thirds of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements needed by crops are solidified by soil. The application of enzyme bacteria can loosen soil, form soil aggregate structure, preserve water and fertilizer, resist drought and waterlogging, and improve crop production performance. The yield per mu of celery 10 ton, and the weight per plant is 2. 5 kg, 5 tons of chemical fertilizer per mu of celery; The yield of tomatoes per mu is 22 tons, and the yield per mu with chemical fertilizer is 10 ton. In Changyi, Weifang, China, the yield of cucumber with enzyme bacteria is 24 tons per mu. In wuchang city, Heilongjiang Province, rice was grown with enzyme bacteria. From June 2 to August 10, the average number of seedlings per panicle was 1 10, but only 92 plants were applied with chemical fertilizer.

2, forming the advantages of beneficial microorganisms, inhibiting the reproduction of harmful microorganisms and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. At the same time, it also solves the problem of crop continuous cropping diseases. In Japan, the yield and quality of tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelons and other crops seriously damaged by continuous cropping diseases have been continuously improved after 15 and 6 years of in-situ planting. Watermelon and tomato planted in Weifang City, Shandong Province have solved the problem of continuous cropping.

3. Increase the content of basic acid and common sugar in crops, and the product quality is obviously improved. Vegetables and fruits planted with enzyme bacterial fertilizer not only have high yield, but also have good original flavor, high chlorophyll content and no pollution residue. The flowers planted with enzymes have bright colors, long shelf life and are not easy to wither. The sugar content of strawberries, watermelons and peaches produced by enzyme bacteria in Weifang city is above 2 degrees.

4. The application of enzyme bacteria in beverages makes the technology more mature. Due to the high development of nutrition and animal physiology, the beverage industry has made great progress. In order to improve animal husbandry production, although the mixed beverage centered on nutrition has been made in 2 1 century, its achievements can not be ignored. On the other hand, with the improvement of productivity and the continuous improvement of field feeding environment and varieties, the disease tolerance and resistance of domestic animals are reduced, which leads to the weakening of hair grooming function and the emergence of physiological disorders, functional disorders, metabolic disorders and other diseases. Therefore, preventing drug abuse and adding antibiotics, preventive drugs and vitamins to compound feed have become new social problems. From the point of view of food pollution, these drawbacks should also be investigated to meet the requirements of the food hygiene law. In this case, one of the ways to solve the problem is to apply the newly developed biotechnology. The use of enzyme bacteria and enzyme bacteria feed plays a great role in the healthy production of livestock and improving the disease resistance, so it has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life.

The use of enzyme bacteria feed can reduce the odor of feces and reduce the pollution of livestock house odor to the environment. First of all, with the function of enzyme bacteria, fermented feed can be easily digested in digestive organs, thus improving the digestibility of food. Secondly, the whole intestinal function becomes better. As we all know, there are countless kinds of microorganisms in the intestine, which can not only promote the digestion of food, but also produce vitamin B group and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. It also plays an important role in gastrointestinal cleaning and health care of livestock. In addition, the use of enzyme bacteria feed can provide more fiber components, especially feeding sawdust feed will increase the value of beneficial bacteria in intestinal bacteria and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, thus eliminating abnormal digestion of feed and increasing the supply of lignocellulose while inhibiting the odor of indole and ammonia. Therefore, the fermentation of feed by enzyme bacteria can keep the intestinal bacteria of livestock in a normal balance state, inhibit the heteromorphic decomposition of human feed, improve the digestibility, promote the production of beneficial rich nutrients such as vitamin B group and vitamin K, and help the digestion of drinks. Enzyme fermented feed can also detoxify and excrete toxic substances produced when digesting feed and the toxicity existing in feed.

In addition, the use of enzyme bacteria feed can enhance hobbies. Herbivores such as cattle and sheep and omnivores such as chickens and pigs especially like the sweetness and ester flavor (alcohol fermentation flavor) produced by plant feed fermentation. At the same time, the flavor of sugar, amino acids and higher alcohols produced in fermented drinks further enhances the taste of feed, thus becoming the main factor to increase appetite.

Enzymatic fermentation of feed can produce beneficial substances. Redoxidoreductases such as various enzymes (digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease and lipase, oxidase and catalase) are fermented from cheap feed, which actively decompose nutrients in feed and help it digest in domestic animals, thus improving the digestion and absorption rate of feed.

Feeding fermented feed with enzymes and bacteria promoted the vigorous reproduction of domestic animals and eliminated reproductive obstacles and infertility, which was mainly due to the supply of vitamin B group in fermented feed.

Unknown growth promoting factor (V G F) is produced by enzyme, which can promote the growth of livestock, prevent excessive fat and improve meat quality. The value of undeveloped feed can be tapped by enzyme bacteria and enzyme fermented feed. Because 70% of the production cost in animal husbandry production management is feed, although the feed cost accounts for a very high proportion, it is not possible to judge the feed nutrition level of adults simply by the price of drinks. For example, compared with rice sugar, the price of wheat is higher than that of rice sugar. Judging from its nutrition for adults, high-priced wheat cannot be said to be superior to moderate rice bran. The crude protein of wheat is about 2 1% less than that of rice bran, the crude fat only accounts for 1/9 of rice bran, and the sugar content is about 2 times and more than that of rice sugar, but from the price point of view, wheat is 3 times that of rice sugar. Another key issue is the absorption rate,

The most important thing to ferment feed with enzymes is always to improve the digestibility of feed. If the digestibility of rice sugar is close to that of corn, the utilization value of rice bran can be further improved. In animal feed, only by making full use of rice bran, straw and other feedstuffs with development value can we reduce the cost of animal products and improve their economic benefits.

Enzymatic fermentation of feed can increase the content of crude protein in feed. After treating more roughage such as starch sawdust with enzyme bacteria, it was noted that the value of crude protein increased significantly.

These bacterial proteins can be directly used as raw protein for livestock drinks. Among livestock drinks, protein series feed is the most expensive, and part of it can be supplemented by microorganisms, so it can be said that this is one of the economic advantages of enzyme fermented feed.

Feeding effect of enzyme fermented feed.

Take chickens and cows as examples:

⑴ Increase the laying rate: increase the laying rate 10%-20%.

⑵ Reduce bad guys: the broken egg rate is reduced to 0. 5%。 The ratio of soft-preserved eggs is reduced to below 2%.

⑶ Mortality rate: The mortality rate caused by infectious diseases and stunting is almost zero.

⑷ Early fattening: The nutritional value and composition of fermented beverage are balanced, so the early fattening effect is very good.

5. Reduce the smell of feces: not only improve the smell, but also improve the environment.

(6) Improve disease resistance: Due to the various functions of enzymes, the physical strength of livestock is greatly enhanced, thus feeding the occurrence of infectious diseases.

(7) Improving the quality of eggs: After the feed is fermented by enzyme for ten days, the nutritional components of eggs are improved, the taste is delicious, and the peculiar smell of eggs is reduced.

⑻ Improve meat quality: Fermented feed balances the nutritional requirements, thus producing delicious and tender meat.

⑼ Prolonging the laying period: The laying period can be prolonged from laying to about 580 days, and it can be maintained to 6 10 days according to different varieties.

⑽ Increase the hatching rate: Because of the good nutritional status of adult chickens, the fertilization rate is increased, and because of the good nutritional balance of hatched eggs, the hatching rate is increased.

(1 1) Reduce the amount of nutritional additives: The fermented feed contains more nutrients than the compound feed, which has high digestion and absorption rate and can support a large amount of nutrients.

(12) Expelling pathogenic bacteria: It is the same as long-term use of fermented feed with enzyme bacteria, so that beneficial bacteria in pathogenic bacteria can be discharged from the whole henhouse.

Its advancement lies in the fact that zymobacter is a beneficial microbial group that can produce a variety of catalytic decomposition enzymes, and has strong aerobic and fermentation decomposition capabilities. It can decompose various crops, such as orange stalks, bark, sawdust and so on. And pesticides, chemicals and minerals, such as shale, bentonite, zeolite, etc. Therefore, after enzyme bacterial fertilizer is applied to soil, its beneficial microorganisms can kill pathogenic bacteria in soil and dissolve solidified nutrients in soil. Improve soil physical and chemical properties, raise ground temperature, decompose residual pesticides, and gradually eliminate the pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to agricultural products, so as to achieve the purpose of high yield, optimization and pollution-free export. Using enzyme bacteria technology to apply feed additives to livestock and poultry breeding can improve feed conversion rate and utilization rate, kill bacteria in celestial bodies, accelerate reproductive growth of livestock and poultry, and improve economic benefits. Enzymatic bacteria are beneficial microorganisms separated and purified from nature and formed by combined fermentation, including bacteria, enzyme-producing bacteria and filamentous bacteria. After decades of development and research by scientific research institutions in various countries, it matured in the 1980s and was widely used in planting, aquaculture and human health care instrument industries.

Enzymatic bacteria technology uses the survival characteristics, parasitism, symbiosis and resistance of microorganisms to generate the biological titer of dozens of enzymes, which has strong aerobic and fermentation decomposition ability. As an organic fertilizer, it can kill pathogenic bacteria in soil, dissolve solidified nutrients in soil, improve soil structure and raise ground temperature. When used in animal husbandry, it can improve the conversion rate of beverages, kill commercial bacteria in vivo and reduce bacterial infection.

The main characteristics of the enzyme bacteria project are that many kinds of bacteria are mixed and complementary, the fermentation process is simple, easy to master, the raw materials are rich and cheap, the production cycle is short, the investment is small, the effect is quick and the benefit is high; The product has high viable bacteria content, strong enzyme activity, stable quality and performance, normal temperature drying, bacteria dormancy, long-term survival, easy storage and convenient transportation.

Enzyme bacteria are aerobic microorganisms with strong fermentation ability. In the process of fermentation, a variety of beneficial bacteria proliferate rapidly, produce a large number of beneficial metabolites, and secrete a variety of active decomposition enzymes, which have strong catalytic decomposition ability. First of all, it can catalyze the decomposition of crop straw and leaves. Weeds and other organic substances form humus; Secondly, minerals such as shale can be decomposed to produce active substances that can be absorbed and utilized by plants; Thirdly, it can degrade chemical components such as fertilizers and pesticides, dissolve solidified nutrients in soil and increase the social content of effective nutrients in soil. In addition, the destroyed metabolites of enzyme-bacteria series fertilizers in soil can not only promote the growth of plants, but also inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria in soil, effectively control and prevent the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, reduce the use of pesticides, improve the aggregate structure of soil, enhance the permeability and water and fertilizer conservation ability, and finally improve the soil and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.

Fermented feed and feed additives made of zymogen can give full play to the dual functions of microbial preparation and enzyme preparation, improve feed conversion rate and utilization rate by 20-40%, crude fiber by 2.5 times, crude fiber by 50%, and sugar by 10%. At the same time, the bacterial protein of enzyme bacteria can at least be used as an important source of protein for livestock and poultry. In addition, it can also eliminate and prevent the digestive system of livestock and poultry.

Using enzyme bacteria to ferment and decompose crop straw and garbage waste, returning it to the field to eliminate environmental pollution and odor caused by straw burning and garbage decay.

The State Science and Technology Commission has listed this as a national key scientific and technological project, and the Ministry of Agriculture has clearly promoted it throughout the country. Therefore, the development and promotion of this project will surely achieve good economic and social benefits. Enzyme-bacteria culture method is to produce a variety of catalytic decomposition enzymes by using beneficial microbial groups composed of bacteria, Rhizoctonia and yeast, so as to realize natural things: ① inorganic substances are poplar-like or biogenic; (2) Qualitative or decomposition of inorganic substances can accelerate the growth of crops and make the redundant nutrients in the soil be preserved for a long time. Hydrolytic enzymes such as glucoamylase and proteolytic enzyme produced by aerobic fermentation microflora can promote organic matter and comprehensive hydrolysis reaction. There are basically two corresponding processes in the decomposition of organic matter, and the production process of enzyme bacteria mainly adopts aerobic decomposition. This is the decomposition of aerobic microorganisms that propagate by using oxygen (free oxygen) in air or water. The heat of fermentation produced by aerobic fermentation is about 50-60℃, sometimes it can reach above 70℃. In the production process of enzyme bacteria, the key of technology depends on the following three basic conditions:

One of the keys to quality depends on water, and the most important condition for the production of enzyme bacteria is initial water. No matter what raw material, its moderate moisture content should be between 55-60%, and such moisture is the state that water has fully penetrated into the raw material. If excessive moisture makes the permeability of materials and fresh air poor, it will easily lead to anaerobic state, which will make the fermentation process reverse and fail. If the water content is insufficient, it is an ideal aerobic fermentation at first, and soon the water content will be less, reducing the gasification heat required for water evaporation, so the central part of raw materials will become an abnormally high temperature state of dehydration and drying. The fermentation heat can suddenly rise to 70-80 degrees. Such high temperature will kill beneficial aerobic fermentation microorganisms, leaving only released seedlings that like high temperature and some heat resistance, so the fermentation products turn white, which is the so-called heating phenomenon that leads to fermentation failure. Therefore, the regulation of moisture is very important.

The second is the adjustment of carbon-nitrogen ratio.

The active activities of microorganisms take organic matter as nutrient source. In order to make the best use of this nutrient source, it is necessary to maintain a balance between nutrients.

The third is the nutrients needed for fermentation.

Microorganisms decomposed by fermentation not only need extremely rich nitrogen, but also need mass (carbohydrate) as their life energy. In addition, phosphoric acid, lime, bitter soil, potassium, etc. are also needed, and there are certain requirements for sulfur, iron, manganese, steel and other trace elements. Generally speaking, these elements are widely found in most raw materials and generally do not need to be supplemented.

According to the specific situation of each field, the technological process and technical formula shall be subject to the guidance of the technical department of the company. Enzymatic bacteria technology is a high-tech agricultural bioengineering technology It has been proved by large-scale popularization and application in many fields that it is mature, advanced, reliable and has obvious application effect. It is an applied agricultural high-tech that conforms to China's national conditions.

Due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China's planting industry for many years, the soil is hardened, the fertility is reduced, and pests and diseases are rampant; The feed conversion rate of aquaculture is low and the epidemic disease is serious. The ratio of meat to feed is only half that of the United States and Canada. What is particularly serious is that the residues of chemical fertilizers and drugs have affected people's health and the export of agricultural and livestock products. The introduction of enzyme bacteria technology brings hope to solve these problems.

Enzymatic bacteria are a kind of microbial flora containing many kinds of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and other beneficial microorganisms. It can produce dozens of enzymes and has strong aerobic fermentation and decomposition ability. It can not only catalyze and decompose various crop straws, sawdust, etc. It also decomposes the chemical components of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as minerals such as shale and zeolite, producing a large number of nutrients absorbed by animals and plants. The application of enzyme bacteria technology in planting industry can increase yield, improve quality, reduce diseases, gradually eliminate chemical fertilizer and pesticide pollution, and achieve the goal of high yield, high quality and no pollution. The application in aquaculture can improve the digestion and absorption capacity of livestock and poultry, enhance the disease resistance, increase the egg production rate and meat production rate, and improve the quality of meat and eggs. Enzymatic bacteria series products have made gratifying achievements in application.

Popularizing enzyme bacteria technology can steadily increase the output of agricultural products. Practice has proved that the application of enzyme bacteria bio-fertilizer is a key measure to promote the rapid decomposition of straw, accelerate the return of straw to the field, develop high-quality and efficient agriculture, produce green food and sustainable agricultural development.

The popularization and application of enzyme bacteria technology will effectively improve soil structure. Enzyme bacterial fertilizer not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed by crop growth, but also contains medium elements such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur, as well as various trace elements and unknown factors that promote growth. It can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, decompose harmful components in pesticides and change the physical and chemical properties of soil, thus improving soil and improving fertility. The application of land plots can increase the ground temperature by 2 -3 degrees, and the crops can mature five days in advance-at the same time, enzyme bacteria can form beneficial microbial group advantages in the soil, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and obviously reduce crop diseases and insect pests and crop continuous cropping diseases caused by harmful microbial destruction.

Enzymatic bacteria technology is known as the second technological revolution in agriculture. Compared with the first revolution using chemical fertilizer, its advantages lie in improving soil, improving fertility, realizing the sustainable development of agriculture and producing high-quality, high-yield and efficient green food.

Part II: Enzymatic bacteria and agriculture

Enzyme bacteria technology and ecological agriculture

In the wave of agricultural development, ecological problems are a hot topic from theory to practice, from policy to implementation, from planting to products, but operators and managers who really care about ecological agriculture are concerned about market demand and management direction. Numerous experiences have proved that only when agricultural products enter the international market can our efficient agriculture have a future. To achieve this goal, solving the harm of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is the key. Only fully implementing ecological agriculture is the only way out for the sustainable development of agriculture in the 2 1 century.

Using agricultural microorganisms to produce fertilizers and using microorganisms to control pests and diseases is not only the second revolution of agricultural technology, but also the main means to solve the serious agricultural pollution problem. Many vegetables and fruits have solved the pollution-free problem through biotechnology, gone abroad and created foreign exchange.

It has been 70 years since the development of microbial agriculture technology by enzyme bacteria. Bio-organic fertilizer, topdressing and foliar fertilizer made by enzyme bacteria fermentation have fundamentally reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer. The comprehensive technology has the advantages of low cost and high fertilizer efficiency, with an average yield increase of more than 30% and a comprehensive cost reduction of more than 10%, which can comprehensively control various pests and reduce the dosage of various pesticides. Improve the quality of agricultural products, minimize chemical substances and pesticide residues, and achieve the requirements of pollution-free. This technology has formed a scale in 2 1 century and has been widely popularized and applied. We have reason to believe that enzyme bacteria, together with other microbial technologies, will surely push ecological agriculture to a higher and new stage. Before 1990s, microbial fertilizers were basically pure microbial preparations. (In this paper, microbial fertilizer, microbial inoculum, bacterial fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer, biological fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer and microbial inoculum are not strictly distinguished for the time being, and all refer to the same meaning and can be substituted for each other. In fact, there is a difference, that is to say, the microbial inoculum is often used as seed dressing agent, and its application range is relatively narrow, so it cannot be used as household fertilizer. With the progress of science and technology in the field of microbiology, agricultural scientists all over the world generally believe that fertilizers should develop in the direction of high efficiency and compounding, that is, to seek a new type of biological fertilizer, which combines nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, chemical fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and organic fertilizers to give full play to their comprehensive advantages, so as to establish a benign farmland ecological circulation system and a comprehensive crop nutrition system, make full use of soil potential, and achieve the best effect of increasing crop production and income.

After summing up and absorbing the advanced achievements in the development of microbial fertilizers in China for decades, our company has developed and produced microbial fertilizers with enzyme bacteria, which represents the advanced level of microbial fertilizers in China, starting from 1997, and after repeated research and demonstration, which not only contains efficient microorganisms for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution, but also contains rich organic matter and trace elements. It not only has the advantages of pollution-free, pollution-free, lasting fertilizer effect, strong seedlings and disease resistance, improving soil, increasing yield and improving crop quality, but also can overcome the disadvantages of environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by the large use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

It can be said that the 1990s marked a new starting point for the development of microbial fertilizers.