Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Which branch of machinery industry is the best?
Which branch of machinery industry is the best?
It seems that I came a little late, and some enthusiastic friends gave a good answer, but objectively speaking, some friends upstairs may not fully understand the status quo and development trend of the machinery industry, so I would like to add it here.
First of all, we should recognize the machinery industry with China characteristics.
The development of our machinery industry here is abnormal, at least in major cities at present. In many fields, when it comes to mechanical engineers, people immediately equate them with people who touch tools. It is true that at present, more than 70% mechanical engineers in China are mold engineers. This is a kind of sadness. The reason for this phenomenon is the imbalance of our industry, which evolved from mass production.
There is a simple reason. If finishing is the mainstream, and small batch finishing and machining are the mainstream, then at least half of our mold engineers will lose their jobs. But these products are all specialties of European and American countries, so what we do is mostly what foreigners don't want to do. Moreover, except for the processing molds for metal products, most of the mold products are organic materials, which seriously pollutes the environment and can only accept things that foreigners are unwilling to do.
From the perspective of machinery industry itself, the general direction can be divided into: structural application, mold application, application analysis, manufacturing technology, production technology, etc. The small direction can be divided into: structural design, mold design, manufacturing engineering, system engineering (automation control), process engineering, equipment engineering, quality control, logistics foundation, electromechanical integration and so on. Subdivision can be subdivided into various engineers, large and small.
Therefore, as far as the machinery industry itself is concerned, due to the serious imbalance in the distribution of the industry, it is not necessary to analyze the problem from such a structure, but only from the general direction.
Secondly, to be clear, it is meaningless to discuss the imbalance of industrial structure.
What is imbalance? The mold mentioned above is one of them. The result of a large number of mold engineers is not that our mold technology is strong, but that the mold industry is mixed, the business level is low and the industry is chaotic. The mold industry in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Dongguan Zhuhai is a dime a dozen, and there are very few real experts. Therefore, the proliferation of the mold industry has also led to a mess in the future of this industry. Compared with other industries, the overall technical level and income of our mold engineers are generally low.
What else is out of balance, and that is the car! Now is the economic crisis, and the automobile industry has collapsed. It seems that the automobile industry is affected by the global economy and unfortunately involved. Actually, it is not! This statement is right for foreign companies and absolutely wrong for our domestic automobile industry. Because today's collapse was known many years ago. A friend upstairs hit the nail on the head, because we only import and basically have nothing we can take. The automobile industry itself is very technical, but what we do is labor-intensive. Leading to the global economy, the first to lay off employees is the automobile industry. Don't be fooled by the high income of the automobile industry in recent years. That's because our cars are so much more expensive than those of foreigners, which leads to high profits. Nowadays, the automobile industry can only say that it is tottering, eating, drinking and having fun.
Thirdly, what is the future development trend?
Industrial imbalance is temporary, but no one knows how long it will last. However, from the perspective of development, the social industry is self-regulating, so the long-suppressed structural design and automatic control, manufacturing engineering, and the rapid development of electromechanical integration will gradually restore its social status. Especially in the direction of automatic control, quality control and electromechanical integration, great progress has been made in recent years.
From the primary processing and large-scale simple processing industries, it will inevitably decline. I've been educating my staff. Now it's the era of high-quality goods, so don't continue to design and produce products in the way of small-scale peasant economy.
Then choose your development direction for LZ.
Don't choose industries that "may" become mainstream development, choose industries that "have" or "will" become mainstream. At present, design and research are still the best choices for specific types of work in machinery industry, followed by industrial control/automation control, quality engineering, technology and so on.
Don't do non-standard work, such as hardware, machine tools and molds. In the machinery industry, there is a saying that "hardware can survive". This sentence itself means that hardware is good for making money, but it will make you half dead and hungry, and you will never be able to do it. Most hardware is definitely non-standard, which has a lot to do with machine tools. These industries are still in a very depressed period because of the influence of the big environment, and there are too many employees, so there will be no improvement in the short term.
Finally, the mentality problem.
The friends upstairs give you a lot of confidence and show you a good way. It is true that from the perspective of career planning, I will also give such a plan when I make a career ladder for employees, but after all, promotion is spelled out step by step. I've been in a Fortune 500 company for so long, and I have a manager, but I've never seen a China person working as a principle engineer in a foreign capital, let alone a chief engineer. Therefore, for a newcomer, it is more important to take every step firmly than to fantasize about the future (of course, there are still goals, don't give up).
By the way, in foreign capital, the rank of the manager is not necessarily higher than that of his employees, but one of my employees earns more than me. For example, the chief engineer's income and rank are higher than that of the manager, which is equivalent to the director. If you are the chief engineer, the treatment is VP (Vice President). This also reflects foreigners' respect for engineers and technicians. In contrast, our country really looks down on our machinery industry personnel.
Having said that, I want to give you confidence, but the road must be practical. The machinery industry will not be able to go on stage for 3-5 years. After six or seven years, I feel that I have stepped onto the threshold. Beware of arrogance, slow and steady is the most basic mentality of this industry.
Therefore, the landlord, analyze the current situation clearly and find the direction that suits him best in combination with his own situation. I personally suggest that you start with R&D and design direction, because this is a comprehensive major, and a qualified mechanical designer should be familiar with almost all the knowledge of the mechanical industry, which is also the strongest exercise for a person's character and ability. If you can have first-line work experience, you will gain more, because the so-called mechanical design is not just drawing drawings. I mentioned the difference between a designer and a draftsman in my answers to other friends. You can refer to my reference link below, which is a post I sent to other friends two years ago. Application in mechanical design, structural design and analysis (structural design &; Application analysis), (usually in English, maybe the Chinese translation is not very accurate, including some of the above, please forgive me), it is very popular to transfer from the design department to other machinery industries. If you think the starting point of design work is too high, you can start with manufacturing technology, but in this case, the road to development will become a little longer.
Add some questions about organic materials (plastics) and electronic products.
There is no strict mechanical classification for electronic products. If it is related to electronic products, most of them belong to mechanical structure, which is simpler than special mechanical structure design. Personally, it is not recommended to do it, at least don't try it when you enter the business, so as not to give people a feeling of neither fish nor fowl in the future.
As a branch of mechanical materials, organic materials are very promising. Personal development and income are first-class. My company has developed from a patented organic material formula to a Fortune 500 company. It can be seen that organic materials (plastics) has been a very good major for decades. My engineers engaged in research and development of organic materials earn 20w a year. But to engage in this industry, the professionalism is too strong, and it is basically impossible for people who major in machinery to engage in it. General organic chemistry (polymer major) talents can.
If the landlord refers to the mold work, then as I said before, it is not recommended.
# As for the mechanical design itself, there is no distinction between industries. Every time I communicate with headhunters, I will educate them not to separate cars, medical equipment, construction machinery, ships and so on. Because the product itself is very different from the machine itself, it is all the same. It's simple. If we open the Mechanical Design Manual, the bible of our mechanical design industry, it will never be biased towards any industry or product, only including design basis, structural strength, tolerance fit, threaded connection, interference connection, welding, linkage mechanism and so on. If you master all these common parts, there is no difference between building a car and building an atomic bomb. It's just that the products are different and the complexity of the technology used is different.
# For example, if you want to design a car, you need to pay more attention to structural strength, balance stability, material performance, connecting rod performance and fatigue strength when designing the frame.
If you are asked to design precision instruments, you may have to consider more, such as module connection performance, assembly performance, machining accuracy, surface treatment and so on.
At this time, the differences between different product industries will be considered. In my design team, there are only two categories: metal design and plastic design, so I won't refine them.
# R&D design is embodied in the product. At present, our well-developed product industries include shipbuilding, represented by 7xx Research Institute and Jiangnan Shipyard. Heavy machinery/automation machinery, represented by Sany Heavy Industry and Zhenhua Port Machinery; Telecom industry, represented by Huawei, CITIC and Putian Post; Medical machinery, represented by GE, Siemens and Philips; There are also some infrastructure industries, such as transportation and logistics. Among them, a large number of automation machines need to be designed and developed, all of which are very good industries, including warehouse automation system, airport logistics system, automatic elevators/escalators, automatic doors, automatic production lines and so on.
# In other words, only when R&D and design fully reflect their values can there be development prospects, and such industries are usually high-tech industries. The research and development of the automobile industry is also very good abroad, but because of our simple technology introduction, the industry is unbalanced, otherwise the automobile is also a good choice.
The R&D of these industries mentioned above needs a huge team to complete, and only in this way can an engineer give full play to his best ability.
# # Application analysis, specific to the post, is generally a system engineer or CAE engineer. The main responsibility of CAE engineer is to simulate and evaluate the existing design or developed design, including finite element analysis, mold flow analysis, risk assessment, feasibility analysis of products such as DFMEA and QFD, and finally provide the feasibility report for the final management to evaluate. It can be said that to a large extent, this report may have the power of life and death for a project. In English, we call it kill barrel. I don't know how to translate it accurately, but it shows the importance of CAE application analysis.
System engineers are more important. Generally speaking, the level of system engineers is higher than that of general R&D engineers. He is usually the backup of the project manager. His main job is to be responsible for the whole product/project and ensure that its function and quality strictly meet the needs of customers. At the same time, he should not only analyze the feasibility of the whole product, but also evaluate the prognosis of the product, including the future maintenance cost and the possibility of further development. He will complete the final test report and final report of the whole product, and assist the project manager to complete the corresponding delivery report.
# # # For your convenience, I can introduce the composition of a friend's R&D team, which is typical:
12 mechanical designer, 4 electronic engineer, 6 software engineer, 2 electromechanical debugging engineer, 1 CAE engineer, 1 system engineer, 1 PDM system management assistant, 2 test engineer.
This is a typical small team with complete functions. Among them, "2 electromechanical debugging engineers, 1 CAE engineer, 1 system engineer" is the application analysis I mentioned earlier.
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