The basis of political rule

Political rule aims at transforming the relationship between political power into the relationship between political authority and obedience. The reason why political rule can be established, maintained and operated effectively is clearly shown in the book "Fundamentals of Political Science". This book outlines and concisely gives the basic framework of the foundation of political rule. These four foundations will be briefly discussed below. Political power is the premise of political rule. Without a certain power base, other bases can only be decorations that can't find the subject. The strength of political rule first depends on the strength of the regime as the primary foundation.

We can illustrate the importance of the political power base by giving counterexamples. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the young Emperor Guangxu was eager to make a difference, and put his position on the reformist side, hoping to show his dominant position through political reform and reform. However, the real power of North Korea is in the hands of the Western Empress Dowager. Emperor Guangxu was full of enthusiasm, but there was no vital political power base to support his reform goals. In this political struggle, the die-hards headed by Cixi won precisely because they held real political power. There are many similar examples all over the world. Therefore, we can say that the existence and operation of powerful political power is a necessary condition for strengthening and effectively implementing political rule.

For political rule, the strength of political power is determined by various factors or variables that constitute power, and also depends on the ability of political power to transform into social public authority. Therefore, what the rulers have to do is to use their powerful political power to transform their own strength and will requirements into requirements applicable to the whole society, and what is displayed in this process is the art of being in power. A broad social foundation helps to form and consolidate political rule. Political rule is not a small-scale social activity, it needs a certain range and a certain crowd to show various means of political rule. The social basis of political rule depends on the relationship between the subject of political power and other social forces and members of society.

The so-called social foundation means that the main body of political power tries to expand its social members in order to achieve its own ruling purpose, and needs to absorb social members through various methods to make its mass influence reach a certain level, thus consolidating the political power. For example, the form of political rule in some countries is "separation of party and government". These state powers are often established by the ruling political parties through revolutionary social changes, and the main part of their social foundation is the vast party member of their own party. In other countries, the ownership of ruling power is decided by multi-party elections, and the electoral party tries its best to create public influence in order to win more people's support and expand the social foundation. However, the social foundation obtained by the latter method is often not as stable as the former one, and it needs to be re-elected regularly. The former has a broad and stable social foundation for political rule. Even if there are certain problems that cause the stability of the foundation, there will be no mass actions that threaten the ruling status for a period of time. Political rule should perform social public functions. This is the responsibility that the ruler must bear. The subject of power can not only obtain the consolidation of political power by demanding power from the masses, but also undertake the part that the masses need, that is, to perform the functions of the people and build various public living facilities, so as to improve the living standards of the people and satisfy the audience, thus achieving the ultimate goal of consolidating political power.

Performing social public functions is to meet the common interests of the ruler and the ruled. Because political power is the public power of the whole society in form, only strong political power is not enough to maintain rule, but also depends on the responsibility of undertaking social functions.

The advantage of performing public functions is that public construction can improve social productivity and people's quality of life in many aspects, such as material, spiritual and cultural aspects, and make public opinion satisfied with the political power at that time, thus consolidating the political power and maintaining stability and development in a certain period.

The so-called "serving the people", an important part of political rule-performing social public functions-may not really be for the people, but sometimes it may just be a trick played by the rulers to safeguard their own political power. If Bismarck evaluates the significance of social welfare system construction, it shows the selfishness of some rulers. They don't build welfare for the benefit of citizens, but only for their own benefit. However, no matter how this "pattern" is displayed, it is a basic and effective means to establish a functional foundation for political rule. It is necessary to establish the obedience psychology of social members to political authority. The so-called political authority, in Engels' view, is to impose the will of the subject of political power on members of society, and authority is based on obedience [1]. Therefore, when a certain degree of obedience psychology is formed among social members, political authority can be improved and political power can be stabilized.

The obedience psychology of social members to political authority lies in their ideological and psychological recognition of political rule (including ways and means). The psychological foundation determines the legitimacy of political rule, which makes it stable and progressive.

In my opinion, this obedience psychology also depends on the status of social members in social life. The identity mentioned here includes income level, education level, scope of activities and so on. The ruling subject should know how to grasp the different psychology of people from all walks of life in order to consolidate his political power. During the French Revolution, the political situation was turbulent. It was precisely because those in power were short-sighted and only considered the interests of their own class, which aroused the resentment of other people in society. Therefore, this kind of political rule that did not understand the overall situation was subverted again and again.

To establish a certain psychological foundation for political rule, it is necessary to control or create authoritative media with certain credibility. In some political regimes, the rulers taboo religious exchanges, or use religious exchanges, just to control the masses' thoughts through the medium of religion. In today's society, governments all over the world generally control one or more news publishing organizations and radio and television organizations, such as Xinhua News Agency and People's Daily in China. It is a wise and powerful method to cultivate the psychological foundation of social members in power by controlling media propaganda.