The relationship between philosophy and culture

Philosophy is the core of culture, and what philosophy there is is what culture there is, and a philosophy always arises from a culture, and it is the summary, inheritance and development of a culture.

The progress of human culture is based on the premise of philosophical progress, philosophy is the crystallization of culture, philosophy is the result of culture, a culture is bound to nurture a philosophy, the production of philosophy will certainly promote the development of this culture, culture and philosophy of this alternating advancement is like a person's feet walking on the ground. A culture is bound to produce a philosophy, and likewise, a philosophy is bound to advance and develop a culture.

The basic problem of philosophy has two aspects:

The first aspect is the question of what is the origin of existence and consciousness, of matter and thought. Historically, there have been two fundamentally different answers to this aspect of the question, which has led to the formation of two camps, two basic schools of thought, and two opposing lines in philosophy, idealism and materialism. Anyone who believes that consciousness is first and matter is second, that is, consciousness is prior to matter, belongs to the idealist philosophical school; anyone who believes that matter is first and consciousness is second, that is, matter is prior to consciousness, belongs to the materialist philosophical school.

Besides these two fundamentally opposed answers (monism), there is another answer, which holds that matter and consciousness are two separate and interdependent origins, and philosophical schools that hold this view belong to dualism.

Another aspect of the fundamental problems of philosophy is the question of the identity of thought and existence, to which the vast majority of philosophers, including materialist philosophers and some idealist philosophers, have answered in the affirmative. The materialist and idealist solutions to this problem are different in principle.

Materialism is based on the recognition of the objective existence of the material world and its laws, and the recognition that thought exists in reflection, and the recognition that the world can be known; idealism, on the other hand, regards the objective world as a product of thought, of the mind, and considers knowing the world to be the self-knowledge of the mind. There are also some philosophers such as D. Hume and I. Kant, who denied the possibility of knowing the world, or denied the possibility of knowing the world completely, for the agnostics in the history of philosophy.