What is a trumpet? What kind of artistic characteristics does the bugle have?

The bugle is also called labor bugle and whistle. It has been spread all over China. The pre-Qin canon "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" has a paragraph that says: "When a man lifts a large log, he calls "evil Xu" before and answers after, which is also a song for lifting heavy and persuading. This is a realistic portrayal of the first people who collectively carried huge logs while shouting a call to arms. Moreover, it also tells an extremely simple and important truth: as early as in the primitive era, all "lifting weights" must sing the "song of persuasion". The so-called "song of persuasion" is the later labor call. This genre is people in the need to cooperate with each other to participate in collective labor, in order to unify the labor rhythm, coordination of labor movements, mediation of labor mood and sing a folk song. Therefore, the necessary conditions for the production of the "horn" are, first of all, collective labor, and at the same time, it must be a collective labor that requires mutual cooperation. Such as fishing, forest logging, wood lifting, river sculling, pulling fiber, row, dock handling, construction site ramming, ramming, prying stone on the mountain, playing stone, as well as digging gypsum, salt, and other labor almost all have to be accompanied by a different labor horn. The classification of the horn category, mainly based on different types of work and singing environment. From the years have been recorded to the music data, can be broadly divided into: marine fishermen horn, that is, coastal fishermen fishing at sea when holding sails, casting nets, nets, loading warehouse and other labor sung in the horn. It is also divided into "offshore horn" and "distant sea horn". The former rhythm and tone is slightly calm, the latter is quite intense and tense. But all according to the labor process to form a joint set, each set of less than five, six paragraphs, more than ten paragraphs, accompanied by fishermen casting nets to catch fish, the wind and the waves. From the Bohai Bay to the South China Sea, there are fishermen's horns circulating, of which the Bohai Sea and Zhoushan area is the most representative. River boatmen's horns, that is, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and its tributaries on the boatmen sang a variety of horns. Generally, it is more common in the middle and upper reaches of the river. Such as the famous "Sichuan River Boatmen's Horn", "Hunan River Boatmen's Horn", "Yellow River Boat Pushing Horn" in Gansu and Ningxia, and "Boatmen's Horn" in Gongxian, Sanmenxia and Kaifeng in Henan Province. "Boatmen's Horn", "Han River Boatmen's Horn" in southern Shaanxi Province, etc. Among them, the "Boatmen's Horn" is popular in Sichuan. Among them, popular in the Sichuan territory of the "Yangtze River Boatmen's Horn", due to this section of the Yangtze River, the water is fast, curved, complex terrain, to the boat caused by many difficulties, so, the boatmen's horn is also particularly rich. There are both relaxed "launching number" and soothing "flat water number", and even more highly tense, nearly shouting "on the water number" "desperation number ". And with the change of the mood of the boatmen, there are both mountain songs, and Sichuan opera, and there are no words at all and the wind and waves than the high and low shouting, giving a person a shocking strong shock. Wharf Handling Horns are sung in loading and unloading, carrying, pushing and pulling and other labor occasions in wharves and freight yards. Such as Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Guangzhou, the head of the lifting number, on the shoulders of the number, carrying bags number, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, "board trucks flat road whistle", Tianjin, "cart number", Anhui, "board trucks number "etc. Because of this kind of labor all related to the workers of the road, so, the rhythm of its singing is distinct and short, the song is short and single, the words are mostly meaningless shouting exclamations. Forest worker's horn, that is, the forest logging workers in the felling, transport wood, base wood and other labor sings the horn. Mainly circulated in the northeast Changbai Mountain, large and small Hinganling and northwest, south China, major forest areas. The type of horn due to the different ways of labor and the formation of a variety of names, such as the Changbai Mountain region of the transport of wood horn has a mushroom head number, the big pinch number, pull the big rope number, loud and clear number, the tile carrying number, flow to send the number and so on. There is also a kind of "raft horn" in the forest areas of central and southern China, which is a kind of horn sung by the workers when they put the "wooden raft" into the river. Because of this labor intensity, danger, so the horn also has a high-pitched, bold, heroic, overwhelming characteristics. Construction site construction horn, that is, the construction of housing foundations or reinforcement of the river embankment labor sung in the horn. This labor must use a square stone or round discus through the rope or wooden stick made of "ram" "ram" as a tool, by four to six workers constantly lifted and thrown down to smash the foundation, in the song "! Ramming song" "ram song" is also essential. This kind of song is spread all over China. But to the lower reaches of the Yellow River in spring and autumn every year in the construction of embankment labor in the circulation of the "ramming horn" is the most spectacular. At that time, the thousands of miles of embankment resounded with thousands of workers singing a variety of "rammer horn" "rammer horn", constituting a picture of "sound" and "momentum", a huge and incomparable. Potential", a huge sound painting. In addition to the above, there are also "Salt Worker's Horn", "Gypsum Worker's Horn", "Horn for Playing Lianjia", "Horn for Car and Water" and so on. etc. The singing style of the bugle is mainly "leading and combining", i.e. one person leads and all people combine, or all people lead and all people combine. In slower-paced labor, the "lead" lines are longer and the "unison" lines are shorter. In the more intense labor, both the lead and the combined phrase are very short. In addition, in most cases, after the lead line is sung, the chorus is sung again, but there is also a chorus that enters before the end of the lead line, thus constituting an overlapping state between the two parts. In conclusion, as a major genre of folk songs, various labor horns have been produced as early as the primitive era when people began to engage in collective labor, and have gradually disappeared until some kind of machine replaced some kind of collective labor in modern society. For thousands of years, it has accompanied the laboring masses in the struggle with nature to play a great social function, creating one miracle after another of human victory over nature. At the same time, the bugle is the earliest spiritual and artistic flower produced by combining and colliding with nature and labor. Therefore, it has eternal historical and cultural value.