List the great achievements of ancient astronomical legislation.

Achievements of ancient astronomical calendars;

(1) Xia Dynasty: The calendar "Xia Zhengxiao" contains the phenology, astronomical phenomena, meteorology and agriculture of each month of the year.

(2) Shang Dynasty: The calendar of Shang Dynasty is the greatest achievement and the longest calendar in the world. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty kept the earliest records of solar eclipse, lunar eclipse and nova in China.

(3) Spring and Autumn Period: The earliest record of Halley's comet recognized in the world was left, which was more than 670 years earlier than that in Europe. Calendar has formed its own fixed system, and basically established the principle of seven leaps in nineteen years, which is 160 years earlier than Europe.

(4) Warring States: The Classic of Shigan Star is the earliest astronomical work in the world; People also measured the seasons of the year.

(5) Western Han Dynasty: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty formulated taichu calendar. The sunspot records in the first 28 years of the Western Han Dynasty are the earliest in the world.

(6) Eastern Han Dynasty: Zhang Heng invented the armillary sphere and the seismograph (earlier than Europe 1700 years).

(7) Sui and Tang Dynasties: ① The Imperial Calendar compiled by Liu Zhuo, an astronomer in the Sui Dynasty, created a new method to calculate the movement of the sun and the moon, which was the most advanced calendar at that time. (2) The Da compiled by astronomers and monks in the Tang Dynasty on the basis of Huang accurately reflected the laws of the sun's movement, and the system was complete, marking the maturity of the ancient calendar system in China. (3) A line is also the founder of measuring the meridian length of the earth by scientific methods in the world.

(8) Yuan Dynasty: At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Taishi Bureau was established to compile a new calendar. Guo Shoujing improved simple instruments and standard tables, presided over nationwide astronomical surveys, and compiled an almanac with the same annual cycle as the current Gregorian calendar, but 300 years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar.

Astronomical calendar of Ming and Qing dynasties

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the basis of introducing western astronomical calendar knowledge, China's traditional astronomical calendar got new development and made many new achievements. Among them, the most important thing is:

Xu Guangqi Astronomical Calendar Achievements (Ming Dynasty) Xu Guangqi organized the staff of the Calendar Bureau of the Ming Dynasty to compile a complete star map and adopted a new calculation method to predict the solar eclipse more accurately; The almanac of Chongzhen compiled by him is a valuable legacy in the astronomical history of China.

Wang Xichan's Astronomical Achievements (Qing Dynasty) Wang Xichan is proficient in Chinese and Western calendars, and has written more than a dozen astronomical works such as Xiao An Xin Fa, which promoted the development of calendar arithmetic in China. He pioneered the calculation method of the initial loss and the last contact azimuth of the solar eclipse; Many of its methods for calculating the length of day and night and the apparent diameters of the moon and planets are exactly the same as those in spherical astronomy now. Transit of venus's calculation method reached a very accurate level, which was unique in the world at that time.

Mei Wending's General Examination of Ancient and Modern Calendars (Qing Dynasty) The book General Examination of Ancient and Modern Calendars written by Mei Wending is the first history book in China.