How to learn meticulous painting

This paper comprehensively introduces the characteristics and techniques of meticulous painting, so that friends who want to learn meticulous painting have a basic understanding.

1, what is meticulous painting?

"Fine brushwork" is a concept corresponding to "freehand brushwork". Simply put, it is to describe objects in a neat, meticulous and meticulous way. It can be roughly divided into four categories: meticulous, meticulous light color, meticulous heavy color and boneless meticulous. From the performance content, it can be divided into: mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, and people.

2. What are the characteristics of meticulous painting?

In the long-term historical development, meticulous painting has established a strict technique system, thus forming the unique style and characteristics of this kind of painting. Its characteristics can be summarized as: (1) line. Line modeling is the characteristic of Chinese painting techniques, and it is also the foundation and backbone of meticulous painting. The requirements of meticulous painting for lines are neat, delicate and rigorous. Generally, there are more pens in the center. (2) color. It is dominated by inherent colors, which are generally gorgeous, calm, bright and elegant, with uniform tones, and have a strong aesthetic taste of China national colors. (3) Decorative and peaceful feeling. Decoration is an indispensable factor in meticulous painting. From composition, line drawing, color setting to image detail processing, there is a certain sense of plane and decoration. On the one hand, decoration comes from traditional stylization, on the other hand, it is the aesthetic effect formed by the author's refining, exaggerating and creating images in his life.

3. What pen is used for meticulous painting?

(1) Gou Xianbi. Meticulous painting uses the center to outline thin and even lines. Generally, a thin-pointed wolfsbane pen is selected. Commonly used pens include clothing pattern pen, Ye Jin pen, scarlet hair, scarlet hair, crab claw, wolf's paw, purple paw, etc. Commonly used dyeing pens are: big white clouds, middle white clouds, small white clouds and other soft brush pens. Pure wool pens are too soft and generally do not work well. Baiyun pen is better, because the outer layer is wool, and the middle part is hard and stiff, which can hold water and is elastic.

(2) scrubber. Meticulous painting often needs to be painted with background color or painted in a large area, so it needs wool scrubbers or combination pens with various widths.

4. What paper is used for meticulous painting?

Cooked rice paper or cooked silk is used for meticulous painting, which is made by brushing raw rice paper or silk with a certain proportion of glue alum water. Its performance is not affected by water. At present, there are many varieties of cooked rice paper, including clear water calligraphy and painting, ice and snow, calligraphy and painting, cicada wings, mica and so on. The cooked rice paper is thin and thick, and the alum water is thick and light. Generally speaking, thin people are suitable for painting light colors, while fat people are suitable for painting heavy colors. Cicada is the thinnest, and ice and snow are the thickest. In addition, fine silk can be drawn with gold stationery and various dyed paper as pure silk products, which can be divided into round silk and plain silk. Round silk, also called "precursor silk", is often used in ancient paintings. Flat silk is commonly used now. After weaving, it is mashed to make it flat, so as to reduce the gap between silk, and it is not easy to leak alum after brushing with glue alum water. This kind of silk has white and imitation old colors. In addition, all kinds of leather paper, Korean paper, watercolor paper, linen, cotton cloth and so on. It can be used for meticulous painting, but it can only be used after proper treatment.

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5. How to use a pen in meticulous painting?

The meticulous brushwork should not be too fast when crossing the line, but should have rhythm. When drawing short lines, hold the pen on the desktop with your wrist and elbow, focusing on finger movements; The slightly longer hook line should be hung on the wrist and elbow on the desktop, mainly for wrist movement, and the fingers should be solid to make the wrist move flexibly; The wrist touches the desktop, the elbow is suspended, and a long line is drawn, and the line moves with the wrist. In short, no matter which way you write it, you should keep the lines round and smooth.

6. What is meticulous painting?

That is, a painting with strong colors. Mainly mineral pigments and powdery pigments, the picture is mainly color, and the color is thick, gorgeous and luxurious, giving people an elegant and magnificent feeling. Heavy color generally adopts the method of quality dyeing and color matching, and the so-called "three alum and nine dyes" refers to this painting method. Each time the color is applied thinly, the layers are deepened, and after several times, glue alum water is added to fix the color that has been applied, so that the picture is thick and steady. There are two kinds of heavy colors: cross-filling method and cross-dyeing method. Cross-dyeing method is to render the background color with plant color and then dye the stone color. The marking method should leave ink lines to fill the stone color.

7. What is meticulous pastel painting?

Heavy color painting refers to the painting method of powdery opaque pigment, and light color refers to the painting method of transparent pigment and ink color. Pale color emphasizes the beauty of elegance, simplicity, simplicity and purity, so it is basically based on ink and transparent pigments to describe illusory and hazy artistic conception.

8. What is boneless meticulous painting?

Meticulous painting takes the line as the backbone, so generally meticulous painting is to cross the ink line first and then dye it. It is called "boneless" because it is rendered directly with color or ink without drawing ink lines. Sometimes the picture still has the feeling of "line", which is a rendered effect or an "empty" effect, not a hook.

9. What are the main dyeing methods of meticulous painting?

Dyeing (rendering)-Take two pens, one dipped in color and the other dipped in water. After coloring with a colored pen, faint with a clear water pen to avoid revealing pen marks. Usually used when the dark dyeing structure is clear.

Cover dyeing-mainly flat painting, covered with watercolor and translucent color. Use a light pen and a light color to display the dyed background color.

Baking and Dyeing-Contrast objects with color or ink to make them stand out.

Contrast dyeing-coloring the reverse side of rice paper or silk to make it thicker and more layered.

Brush-draw a large area with large strokes or strokes, which is often used to draw the sky, the earth, the background and water.

Fill-Leave ink lines and fill them with opaque colors to make them stand out.

10. What's the difference between cooked rice paper and cooked silk for meticulous painting?

The biggest feature of cooked silk is that it is more moist and delicate than cooked rice paper. There will still be some very light and delicate pen marks left on the silk. Therefore, you should be very careful when painting with silk, and the color should not be too heavy at a time to prevent unevenness. If a large area of pure background color is needed, more water should be added to the color, and pen marks or water stains should not be exposed when rendering. If the dyeing is uneven, it is difficult to cover it with other colors or inks. Cooked rice paper is not as sensitive as silk, and uneven places such as pen marks or water marks appear, which can sometimes be covered with heavy colors or ink. So paper is not as delicate as silk. But paper is cheaper than silk, and it is pungent to use. Silk is stronger than paper, so it can be colored and rendered repeatedly, and it can also be cleaned. Paper is fragile and can't stand numerous rendering and cleaning.

1 1. What is the "missing alum" in the process of meticulous painting?

Because the boiled paper or silk is brushed with alum water for many times, and it is repeatedly rendered or used too much water in the painting process, alum will run off, resulting in alum leakage. Alum will ooze water after leakage, and its color is uneven. One piece is deep and the other is shallow, which will affect the picture effect. The ancients said that "three alum and nine dyes" is very reasonable. Learn to prepare the glue alum water by yourself, and apply it every few times, which can not only fix the color, but also prevent the alum from leaking.

12, how to prepare colloidal alum water?

Meticulous painting is inseparable from glue alum water, and the production method is simple. The key is whether the proportion of glue, alum and water is appropriate. You can use yellow gelatin or edible gelatin, which are small particles and light yellow (gelatin and alum are generally sold in chemical stores). The preparation method of glue alum water is as follows: two parts of glue and one part of alum are boiled with boiling water respectively, poured together, and appropriate amount of water is added. Note that alum must be ground into fine powder to dissolve. Glue should be soaked in boiling water, not boiling water, because the adhesion will be weakened if it exceeds 100 degrees. Generally speaking, to draw a four-foot-three-inch cooked rice paper, you can use two pieces of glue, one piece of alum and half a glass of water on your little finger. The author of specific experience must go through many times in practice to get it.

13, how to use the glue alum water?

(1) is used to make cooked rice paper or cooked silk.

Spread the base paper or silk flat on the felt, dip it in the prepared glue alum water with a brush, and brush it evenly on the paper or silk. Brush one brush at a time, leaving no gaps to prevent alum leakage. It is best to brush it in both directions and dry it.

(2) It is used to remedy alum leakage during painting.

In the process of painting, sometimes there is a phenomenon of "alum leakage", because there are too many priming times, or because cooked paper and silk are not well made. The remedy is as follows: brush the leaked alum with a soft brush dipped in glue alum water, pay attention to the uniformity of the brush, and brush it several times repeatedly, so that it will not seep when it is dry. If the rubber alum brush is uneven, the color will be uneven, which will affect the picture effect.

(3) Used for color fixation.

When using mineral pigments or other pigments, if there are too many coloring times, it is generally necessary to keep up with the glue alum to fix the color to prevent alum leakage.

(4) Create special effects.

When painting with raw materials such as raw materials, leather paper, hemp paper, etc., if it is necessary to make the picture partially impermeable, you can spot dye or sprinkle glue alum water on the part. For example, draw snow spots in a snow scene.

14. Why do meticulous paintings need to be papered or silked on the drawing board?

Both cooked paper and cooked silk have the same characteristics: wet swelling and dry shrinkage. Every time there is water on the paper, the paper will swell up and return to its original state after drying. Raw rice paper or raw silk has no such problem. Moisture will quickly penetrate into the base paper, and the expansion and contraction are not obvious, so there is no need to frame the paper for freehand painting. Cooked paper and cooked silk are bonded with alum water, and water will not seep into the paper. When a certain part of the picture begins to be rendered with water, the paper with water becomes loose and uneven. The more places are dyed, the more uneven the paper surface will be, and the dyed color will be stained with water on the paper surface, and the color will be uneven. So before painting, spray the paper wet to make the paper or silk expand, and then apply glue or paste on the four sides of the paper when the paper is wet and mount it on the drawing board. After drying, the paper is completely flat, and it will not be deformed when wet or dry, which is convenient for drawing.

15. How to over-draft and paper-mount meticulous painting?

Because cooked paper or silk is not easy to change, meticulous painting usually draws a sketch on the drawing paper first, and then copies it to cooked rice paper or silk to draw the manuscript. These steps are:

(1) Choose paper or silk, cut it one or two centimeters larger than the sketch, and paste it with glue or paste later.

(2) Put the sketch under the cooked paper or silk, and gently trace the sketch with HB pencil. The outline should be clearly traced, and the pen mark should not be too heavy, so as to avoid leaving copied pencil lines when drawing ink lines in the future.

(3) Find an ordinary piece of white paper and cut it to the size of a sketch as the backing paper. Because cooked paper or silk is generally thin and translucent, it is easy to see the picture effect when painting with white paper below. Wet the backing paper until it is completely unfolded, and then stick it on the drawing board with paste or glue.

(4) When the liner is dry, put the copied manuscript on it and spray the paper with a nozzle or watering can. When the paper is completely unfolded, apply one to two centimeters of glue or paste on the back of the drawing paper while it is still wet. When it's dry, you can draw.

16, what should I pay attention to when drawing meticulous paintings? How can I frame the paper?

Sticking paper is an important part of meticulous painting. If you don't pay attention, it will cause alum leakage and bring inconvenience to future work.

In the whole process, we should pay attention to the following points:

(1) The manuscript paper must be one or two centimeters larger than the four sides of the sketch, so as to glue or paste, otherwise the picture will become smaller.

(2) Put the drawing board flat on the desktop and spray a proper amount of water on the paper or silk. Too much water will wash away the glue and alum water on the surface of drawing paper, and it will also crack the paper. If you spray too little water, the paper or silk will not be fully unfolded, and the paper will be uneven when painting. The water sprayed by the watering can or nozzle used is preferably atomized, which is more uniform. It is best to spray a thin layer of water on the paper, let the water penetrate into the paper, and then stick it to the drawing board with glue or paste.

(3) When there is water on the drawing paper, don't touch it by hand, let alone wipe it with a cloth or suck it with absorbent paper, which will cause alum leakage.

17, what should I do if the meticulous painting is broken?

There are two ways to deal with broken and dirty meticulous painting. One is a thorough cleaning method, that is, all the damaged parts of the painting are washed away. The other is the retention cleaning method, which cleans a part and keeps a part.

(1) thorough cleaning method

(1) Mash garlic into mud, take out a proper amount and put it on the part to be cleaned, and wipe it repeatedly with a brush until it is wiped off. Then wash the garlic juice with a brush dipped in clean water, absorb the water with absorbent paper, dry it and then apply it.

(2) Put some ash (high-quality ash is white) into a small porcelain dish, adjust a small amount of water, dip the parts that need cleaning with a brush and wipe them repeatedly until they are wiped off. Wash away the traces with clear water, absorb the water with absorbent paper, dry with glue alum water and continue painting.

(2) Keep it clean. Some places on the screen are dirty, painting is tired, or the painting effect is ignored and I want to change it. This method is generally adopted. Other painters regard this method as one of the methods to deal with the authenticity of the picture. Because the effect of washing out is sometimes beautiful, transparent and hazy, and this feeling can't be drawn. The method is: wash it repeatedly with a brush or oil painting pen dipped in detergent such as water or soap, so that the surface color or ink is washed away and the background color is exposed. You can continue painting with alum or keep this effect.

The above cleaning methods are generally applicable to silk. If it is used on paper, be very careful, because the cooked rice paper is very fragile and easily broken after being soaked in water.

18, how to make antique paper and antique silk?

(1) You can mix ochre, cyanine, ink and other colors in traditional Chinese painting (preferably transparent) in a larger container, dip the upper color water with a combination brush or a board brush (filter out the coarse pigments in the lower layer), and brush it evenly on paper or silk. If you can't brush it once, you can dye it twice for antique painting.

(2) Boil the black tea with a proper amount of water on the fire. When the tea leaves are boiled to reddish brown, add other colors or inks according to the needs of color tone, and then scrub.

(3) Potassium permanganate is a commonly used disinfectant, which is in small particles, purple after being dissolved in water, and brown after being coated on paper. It should be noted that this solution should not be too thick, too thick will make the texture of the paper brittle.

The above aspects are only painting techniques. Beginners need to learn from nature and experts, and need to integrate natural science and social science to achieve something.