Tea festivals all over the country

Fengqing County, Yunnan Province, known as the tea town, is a big tea-producing county, producing pure big-leaf tea, the origin of yunnan black tea, the hometown of Yunnan Red, and has a splendid tea king for 3,200 years. In order to strengthen tea culture and economic and trade exchanges, Fengqing County holds a tea festival every May, which has a history of more than 20 years. Up to 20 1 1 year, 2 1 sessions have been held.

The annual Labor Day is an annual traditional tea festival in Fengqing, a tea town. Tea Festival is an economic and cultural exchange based on tea trade exchange, which attracts many merchants from neighboring counties and cities for trade exchange every year, and also attracts some foreign merchants from the border, such as Myanmar and Vietnam. Tea Festival provides a platform for communication, publicizes the tea culture of Fengqing, develops tourism resources, and promotes economic exchanges and mutual assistance.

The fair not only attracted businessmen from Zhejiang, Fujian and Sichuan, but also attracted many foreign businessmen from Myanmar and Thailand. During the period, exhibitions of corporate products and cultural products such as tea and walnuts will be organized, and various tea-related activities such as tea ancestor worship, tea ceremony competition and cultural performances will be held. With the rise of literati drinking tea, poems and songs about tea are coming out. As a general form, tea has left the diet and entered the cultural circle, playing a certain spiritual and social role. During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the door system had been formed. Not only emperors and nobles gather together, but ordinary officials and even literati are proud of boasting and competing for wealth, which has multiple effects. In this case, some people of insight put forward the problem of "leading an honest and clean life". As a result, Lu Na and Huan Wen replaced wine with tea. Shi Zuwu of Nanqi was an enlightened emperor. He doesn't like going to parties. He wrote a will before he died, saying that the funeral after his death should be as frugal as possible, with some dry rice, fruit cake and tea rice. And "the world is expensive, so is salt." In the period of Lu Na, Huan Wen and Emperor Wu of Qi, drinking tea was not only for refreshing and quenching thirst, but also began to produce social benefits, and became a means of entertaining guests, offering sacrifices and expressing a spirit and sentiment. Drinking tea has not been fully utilized by people because of its natural use value, but has entered the spiritual field.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the world was in chaos, and various cultural ideas collided, so metaphysics was quite popular. Metaphysics is a philosophical trend of thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which is mainly based on Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts. Metaphysical scholars are mostly so-called celebrities, pay attention to family status, appearance and manners, and like nothingness and lightness. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the wealth of the south of the Yangtze River temporarily satisfied the scholars, and they lingered among the beautiful mountains and waters all day long, and the wind of luxury continued to develop, resulting in many luxury scholars. At first, there were confidants and many drinkers. Later, the trend of confiding gradually developed to ordinary literati. Metaphysical scholars like to talk, and so do ordinary speakers. Wine can make people excited, but if you drink too much, you will lose your mind, talk nonsense and be unsightly. But Chaze can drink for a long time and stay awake all the time, which makes people think clearly and have a peaceful mind. Besides, for ordinary literati, dealing with wine and meat all day is not allowed in economic years. God, many metaphysicians and conversationalists have changed from good wine to good tea. In their place, drinking tea has been regarded as a spiritual phenomenon.

With the introduction of Buddhism and the rise of Taoism, drinking tea has been linked with Buddhism and Taoism. In Taoism's view, tea is a good way to help refine the "inner elixir", raise the purity and lower the turbidity, and become an immortal; In the eyes of Buddhists, tea is a necessary show for meditation. Although a complete religious tea-drinking ceremony has not been formed at this time, and the ideological principle of tea has not been clearly defined, tea has been separated from the material form of diet and has significant social and cultural functions, and tea culture in China has begun to take shape. The great development of tea industry in Song Dynasty promoted the development of tea culture. Among the literati, professional tea tasting societies have emerged, including the Tang Society composed of officials and the Thousand People Society composed of Buddhists. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, who loves tea, set up a tea office in the palace, and the tea used in the palace has been graded. Tea ceremony became a kind of ceremony, giving tea became an important means for the emperor to win over ministers and take care of relatives as soon as possible, and it was also given to foreign envoys. As for the lower classes, tea culture is more lively, and some people migrate. Neighborhood should respect tea and guests, respect "Yuanbao Tea", respect tea at the time of engagement, tea at the time of marriage, and tea in the same room. The rise of folk tea fighting has brought about a series of changes in cooking points.

Since the Yuan Dynasty, tea culture has entered a tortuous development period. Song people expanded the social level and cultural form of tea culture, and tea affairs flourished. However, tea art has become complicated, trivial and extravagant, losing the profound ideological connotation of tea culture in Tang Dynasty. Too fine tea art drowned the spirit of tea culture and lost its noble and profound essence. In the imperial court, nobles and literati, drinking tea became a "drinking ceremony", "drinking style" and "playing with tea".

The Mongols in Yuan Dynasty entered the Central Plains, which marked the acceleration of the integration of the Chinese nation as a whole. On the one hand, although the northern minorities like tea, it is mainly for the needs of life and physiology, and they are not interested in tea tasting and cooking in culture; On the other hand, in the face of the broken motherland and foreign oppression, Han cultural people have no intention of expressing their feelings with tea, but hope to express their feelings with tea and sharpen their will. The combination of these two different ideological trends in tea culture has promoted the development of tea art towards simplicity and simplicity. Before the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Han people felt that the previous generation of people had perished, and it was difficult for the country to be a country when it was founded, so they still had the ambition to observe the festival. Tea culture still inherits the trend of Yuan Dynasty, which is characterized by the simplicity of tea art, the harmony between tea culture candy and nature, and the expression of one's bitterness with tea. At this time, various teas such as steamed green, fried green and baked green appeared, and drinking tea was also changed to "making tea". Many literati in Ming Dynasty left masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Tang Bohu's Tea Making Scroll and Tea Tasting Map, Wen Zhiming's Huishan Tea Party, Lu Yu's Tea Cooking Map and Tea Tasting Map. With the increase of tea, the skills of making tea are also different, and the styles, textures and patterns of tea sets are also diverse. In the late Ming Dynasty, people made a new breakthrough in the realm of drinking, paying attention to the realm of "perfection"

In the eyes of those literati, the ultimate perfection of things is Tao, which exists in things. Bird put forward his own theory of "Tea Ceremony" for the first time in the book "Tea Classic": "Being good at making, being dry in hiding and being pure in soaking. Fine, dry and clean tea ceremony. " In his view, there is a "god with intrinsic meaning" in tea, that is, "meta-god", and the external one is called "meta-body". The two are interdependent and inseparable. Shen Yuan is the essence of tea, and Yuanti is the essence of color, fragrance and taste. As long as we are simple and natural, simple and realistic, modest and moderate, we can get the true meaning of tea. The tea ceremony in Bird pursues the beauty of tea soup and the truth of tea taste, and strives to enter the perfect realm of seeing tea color, tasting tea taste, smelling tea fragrance, listening to tea sounds and rubbing tea sets.

Zhang Dafu went further on this basis. He said: "The world tastes tea without tasting its nature, loves mountains and rivers without feeling their feelings, learns without thinking, and learns Buddhism without breaking its Sect." What he wants to tell us is that tea tasting should not be limited to the appearance and taste of water, but should go deep into the essence, that is, to achieve a kind of spiritual pleasure, a pure and refined state of mind, so as to achieve a fairyland of detachment and noble feelings, and a realm of unity between heaven and earth. This can be said to be the development and transcendence of China's tea ceremony spirit by Ming people. By the Qing Dynasty, tea export had become a formal industry, and there were countless tea books, tea events and tea poems. After the founding of New China, the annual output of tea in China increased from 7500T in 1949 to more than 600,000t in 1998. The substantial increase of tea material wealth has provided a solid foundation for the development of tea culture in China. 1982 Hangzhou established the first social organization with the purpose of promoting tea culture, 1983 Hubei established Luyu Tea Culture Research Association, 1990 Beijing established China Tea People Association. 1998 China international peaceful tea culture exchange hall was built. With the rise of tea culture, there are more and more teahouses all over the country. The fifth International Symposium on Tea Culture has attracted Japanese, Korean, American, Sri Lankan, Hongkong and Taiwan Province.