Is there a unified normative definition of critical thinking?

Critical thinking has a unified normative definition, but there is no unified definition. Here are some for you:

1, Michael? Craven and Richard? The definition of critical thinking put forward by Richard Paul at the 8th International Conference on Critical Thinking and Educational Reform in the summer of 1987;

Critical thinking refers to the rational training process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and/or evaluating information obtained from experience, reflection, reasoning or communication, and taking it as the guidance of beliefs and actions. In its typical example, it is based on the unified rational values beyond the differences of objective facts: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, close correlation, conclusive evidence, sufficient reasons, depth, width and fairness. Critical thinking is self-directed and self-disciplined, trying to reason fairly with the highest quality standards. People with critical thinking have always insisted on trying a reasonable, rational and empathetic life. Without being examined, they have a keen and clear understanding of the inherent defects of human thinking, strive to eliminate the power of egoism and community-centered trends, and use rational tools provided by critical thinking-concepts and standards, which give them the ability to analyze, evaluate and improve their thinking.

2. (Richard Paul and Linda? Eder's Concise Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools, Critical Thinking Foundation Press, 2008);

Critical thinking is a way of thinking about any subject, any content and any problem. The thinker improves the quality of his/her thinking, skillfully manages the internal structure rooted in thinking, and tests it with rational standards.

3. (Edward Glazer, Critical Thinking Development Experiment, Teachers College of Columbia University, 194 1 year);

194 1 In a groundbreaking research on critical thinking and education, Edward? Edward Glaser's definition of critical thinking is as follows: "The ability of critical thinking includes three items in the conception of this volume: (1) willingness to comprehensively and carefully consider the problems and objects within his own experience, (2) understanding the modes of logical inquiry and reasoning, and (3) skills to apply these modes. Critical thinking requires a long-term examination of any knowledge form based on beliefs or assumptions supporting evidence and further conclusions. It is also gradually required to have the ability to identify problems, find effective methods to explore these problems, collect and sort out relevant information, identify unspecified assumptions and values, be accurate, clear and discriminating when using and understanding language, explain materials, evaluate evidence and judge arguments, identify logical connections between propositions (or not), draw provable conclusions and generalizations, and test conclusions and generalizations.

Why does definition need critical thinking? Definition is a simple and general explanation of things in different stages of scientific development.

However, with the development of science and the in-depth understanding of things, the past definition needs to be supplemented and improved, so the definition also needs critical thinking.

For example, in the past, science thought that the universe was empty, so there was the concept of vacuum. When science realizes the existence of dark matter and dark energy, it needs to redefine vacuum.

What is the significance of critical thinking to writing teaching? The concept of writing teaching itself is worthy of criticism. As a classic artistic expression, is writing really teachable? Of course, low-level language teaching can exist, but the core of writing teaching must be its deep-seated literary shaping. Art is irreplaceable and unique, and teaching itself is a way of mass reproduction and production of spiritual materials. Writing teaching under critical thinking is not worth teaching at all.

What is the significance of critical thinking to reading teaching? Critical thinking can make people look at problems objectively, good content can be absorbed and inherited, and bad content can be thrown away. In a word, people can tell good from bad,

What misunderstandings do people have about critical thinking? The common misunderstanding is that there is only criticism, but no affirmation.

Critical spirit is the unity of doubt, negation and affirmation.

Critical thinking is thinking with critical spirit and the opposite of blind obedience thinking.

Characteristics of critical thinking:

① independence; Don't trust others.

② Systematic; Do not generalize.

3 seeking truth; No, flattery.

4 reflective; Not once and for all.

⑤ openness; Not opinionated.

Why study critical thinking? Innovation requires critical thinking.

In the process of innovation, criticizing the original things is a necessary step to try to develop.

Whether the concept of review assertion in critical thinking is clear and meaningful; Whether the subject and predicate are at the same level and whether they contain internal contradictions; Check whether the assertion has a default value.

How long does it take to establish critical thinking of SAT? A: Critical thinking plays an important role in SAT reading and writing. Reading Time, The New York Times and other magazines and analyzing the articles in them will play a great role in cultivating your critical thinking in English. Then assist a certain amount of SAT, even GMAT and GRE reading, and carefully analyze the logical errors in the wrong questions. After a period of practice, you will certainly improve your critical thinking ability.

Learn to ask questions-a guide to critical thinking hello, you can download and read.

Address: ishare.iask.sina.f/4811855.

What subjects contribute to critical thinking? Now there is a special critical thinking class. Recently, Higher Education Press published a textbook for college students, which is very comprehensive and can also help to take the GRE analytical writing test. It can be found online and can be searched:

Principles and Methods of Critical Thinking —— Towards New Understanding and Practice

Author: (Plus) Dong Yu