Why are the flowers so red and still expanding?

1, the red color of flowers is passionate, intense, unrestrained, exciting and inspiring. Red and purple spring is full of vigor and vitality. Why are flowers so red? While people are admiring, they can't help asking questions and seeking scientific explanations. 2. Why are the flowers so red? First of all, it has its material basis. Both safflower and red leaf contain anthocyanins converted from glucose in their cell sap. When it is acidic, it looks red. The stronger the acidity, the redder the color. When alkaline, it is blue, more alkaline and turns blue-black, such as black chrysanthemum and black peony. When it is neutral, it is purple. Colorful, red and blue intersection, are anthocyanins in different acid-base reactions. Besides red flowers, there are yellow and orange flowers. Orange is similar to the color of citrus, pumpkin and other fruits, the most typical one is carrot, so the pigment expressing this color is called carotene. As for white flowers, that's because there is no pigment in the cell fluid. Some white flowers, such as chrysanthemums, are reddish before withering, indicating that they also contain a small amount of anthocyanins. A special example of discoloration is hibiscus mutabilis, which has white flowers in the morning, red flowers at noon and crimson flowers in the afternoon. Three times a day, more and more beautiful. Another example is hydrangea, which is white and slightly green at first, and turns red or slightly blue in a few days. It doesn't bloom and wither at dusk like colored hibiscus. As for ordinary flowers, most of them are bright at first, and then they fade.

3. Why are the flowers so red? It needs to be explained by physical principles. Sunlight will be divided into seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple after being refracted by prism or water drops. The wavelengths of these seven colors are different, and the wavelengths of red light and purple light are all short. Acidic anthocyanins will reflect long red light waves into our eyes, and we will think they are bright red flowers. Similarly, neutral anthocyanins reflect purple light waves, alkaline anthocyanins reflect blue light waves, and carotene components are different, so they reflect yellow light waves or orange light waves respectively. White flowers contain no pigment, but the tissue contains air, which reflects all light waves. Some petals, with more tiny and neatly arranged glass balls on the surface, look like velvet, which can reflect light as strongly as diamonds and have brighter colors, such as some Chinese rose flowers.

4. Why are the flowers so red? And its physiological needs. Different wavelengths of light contain different amounts of heat: red, orange and yellow wavelengths contain more heat; Blue light and purple light have short wavelengths and less heat. The tissues of flowers, especially petals, are generally tender. In the wild, red, orange and yellow flowers all grow in places with strong sunshine, reflecting long-wave light waves containing a lot of heat, which will not cause burns and have a protective effect. Blue flowers grow under trees and grass, reflect short light waves, absorb weak long light waves, and have more heat, which is beneficial to their physiological functions. There are also many negative plants with white flowers, some of which open at night and reflect all light waves, which is another adaptation measure. There are few black flowers in nature, only a few flowers occasionally have black spots, because black absorbs all the light waves and has too much heat, so it is easy to be hurt.

5. Why are the flowers so red? From the perspective of evolution, it has a development process. The flowers of gymnosperms are primitive and all green, while the anthers and pollen are yellow. In the spectrum, adjacent to green, one end of long wave is yellow, orange and red, and the other end of short wave is cyan, blue and purple. We can say that the color starts from green, develops to the long wave end, changes from yellow to orange, and finally appears red; To the short wave end, it is blue and purple. Red should be the latest color, and it is also the most dazzling color in the evolutionary journey.

6. Why are the flowers so red? According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, insects play an important role. Hundreds of millions of years ago, when gymnosperms appeared on the earth, there were not many insects. Anthocyanins are light, pollinated and fertilized, and they are all wind-borne flowers. Later, angiosperms appeared and insects flourished. The flowers of angiosperms are divided into calyx and corolla with perianth (perianth and corolla are collectively called petals). Petals are no longer green, but more conspicuous yellow, white or other colors. The shape is also large, some have nectar glands, which secrete nectar, and some give off fragrance and become insect-borne flowers. "Bees compete for the fragrance of butterflies", and insects pollinate and fertilize flowers. Insects have a special habit of collecting honey and pollinating, that is, they often only interview the flowers of the same plant. This habit is conducive to ensuring cross-pollination of the same plant and breeding offspring. This can fix the characteristics of species, including the color of flowers. We can imagine that if there is a plant with a reddish color at the beginning, because the obviously reddish flowers are easily noticed by insects, there will be more opportunities for pollination. After countless generations of selection, insects have created pure, obvious and bright red flowers for this plant for a long time. Insects participate in natural selection, producing different plants and different colors.

7. Why are the flowers so red? Finally, it is due to manual selection. The process of natural selection is slow, and it takes a long time to show its function. Artificial selection has greatly accelerated its process and achieved remarkable results in a short time. Peony, for example, has created a wild primitive species through hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. The flower is single, with only one pink color. After artificial cultivation, in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty (1 1 century), a petal created different postures, such as leafy, chiba (double petal), Lou Zi (flower heart protruding) and parallel pedicle. Pink creates beautiful colors such as crimson, flesh red, purple, deep purple, yellow and white. Another example is Dahlia, which is native to Mexico and has only eight red petals. The history of artificial cultivation is only two or three hundred years, but there are thousands of varieties with different shapes and colors. Another example is corn poppy, which has cultivated four colors of red, yellow, orange and white, but blue has never appeared. At the end of last century, Pubank, a famous American horticultural breeder, discovered a kind of corn poppy with a layer of mist on its petals and specially cultivated it. By the beginning of this century, various shades of blue corn poppy have been cultivated, adding new varieties to flower gardening. 8. The flowers are so red, which is a masterpiece of nature and the result of artificial cultivation.