What are the characteristics of Qinghai folk songs? What are the most representative folk songs of Qinghai?

Categories of Qinghai Folk Songs and Their Musical Characteristics

Qinghai Province is located on the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. It borders Xinjiang in the northwest, Tibet in the southwest, Sichuan in the southeast, and Gansu in the east and north. Since ancient times, it has been a place of multi-ethnicity. In more than 720,000 square kilometers of land living in the Han, Hui, Tibet, Sala, Mongolia, six ethnic groups. There are high mountains, long rivers, desert plains, snowy mountains and lakes. Nomadic and farming cultures, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Islamic religious cultures coexist. Complex geographical environment and diverse human background has created a rich content and colorful artistic personality of Qinghai folk songs. Now according to their songs are described as follows.

I, flower

Flower is circulating in the Han, Hui, Tu, Sala, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Security, Yugu eight ethnic groups, distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, four provinces and regions of a kind of mountain song. Qinghai folk called "juvenile". The basic structure of Hua'er lyrics is generally four lines with seven or nine single-character endings and seven or eight double-character endings, i.e., odd lines with odd character endings and even lines with even character endings. Other sentence patterns with six or more sentences are variations of the four-sentence structure. Flowers often use a variety of liner notes, these liner notes and the corresponding melody combined together, so that the melody of the flowers to connect freely, expanding the ease of expression of emotions to strengthen the infectious force. At the same time, these phrases are also used to name the tune. The structure of Hua'er's melody is basically an expanded upper and lower stanza, with varying lengths of upper and lower stanzas. The most common scales are the pentatonic shang and zheng modes. Depending on their musical style, they can be categorized into three types. The first is the Han Hui Huaer; the second is the Tu Huaer; the third is the Sala Huaer.

1, Han Hui "flowers"

This is the largest number of flowers in Qinghai, the most widely spread a kind of flowers, is the main body of Qinghai flowers. Mainly circulated in the eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai Huangyuan, Huanghuangzhong, Datong, Mutual aid, Ping'an, Hualong, Minhe, Ledu, Methodist counties and Xining City, Hainan Prefecture, Guide County, Haihua Prefecture, Menyuan County and other places. The music of this type of flower is characterized by the jumping of the intervals of the fourths and the circuitous movement of the tone rows, in which the basic tone rows of the Shang and Zheng types play a dominant role, sometimes emphasizing the corner tone or replacing the corner tone with the clear corner of the tune in order to dilute the sense of jumping of the Shang and Zheng types of the fourths in the tune, which creates a kind of light sadness. The melody is based on the basic framework of shang, zheng and shang, and the movement from shang to jiao (or jiao), and from yin to gong is the medium, forming a pure, simple and bright musical personality.

2,Tu "flower children"

This is circulated in the Mutual area as the center, radiation to the Datong and neighboring counties to the Tu as the main circulating ethnic flower children, its tune is euphemistic and soft, inner and subtle. The Tujia flower children take the ZhengShang five-tone modulation as the basis of melodic composition, it is not widely used in the four degree interval jumping, but to form its own characteristics with the graded spinning method and the end of the sentence of the large-scale sliding tone, so that the tune has the characteristics of simple, clear, and elegant, the melody is often used in the octave of the ShangYin to the ShangYin meandering gradation, in the upward and downward highlighting and emphasizing the GongYin's role of supporting and stabilizing the melody, which reflects the Tujia people's subtle, simple, and refined style, the Tujia people are very simple, and the Tujia people are very beautiful. This reflects the inherent artistic style and psychological quality of the Tujia people, which is subtle, simple, sincere and earnest.

3, Salar "flowers"

Mainly circulated in the areas such as Methodist, Hualong, Tongren and Minhe, and its tunes are centered on the feather tone, Shang, Horn as the backbone of the sound of the tone column composition. In addition to the basic and common Shang and Zheng tunes, most of the Salar flowers are built on the basis of minor tunes. Its tunes are intrinsically simple and very singable. The melodic movement often consists of a four-degree jump from the horn to the feather and a meandering downward movement from the merchant to the feather or a three-degree downward movement from the palace to the feather. One kind of melody is balanced and smooth, full of lyrical temperament of the minor key color, one kind of lively and bright, rich in bouncy minor key color.