Seek a few Chinese arts and crafts history test questions and answers

Chinese Arts and Crafts History Review Materials

I. Explanation of Terms

1 Colored Pottery Prospered in the middle of the Neolithic period. (1) Mostly clay red pottery painted with mineral pigments.(1) Decorative painting was done before firing, and the subject matter was mainly of various geometric shapes. (1) The Yangshao and Majiayao cultures were the most developed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, (1) whose famous types of colored pottery include the Half-slope, Miaodigou, Majiayao, Banshan, and Mafang. (1)

2 Neolithic Stone tools that were commonly polished and often drilled on a beaten basis. (1) It was the main tool of production in the Neolithic, (1) emphasized the choice of materials, (1) and embodied important arts and crafts laws such as symmetry and texture. (1) Its materials, techniques and several vessel shapes were inherited from primitive jade. (1)

3 Bronze Ware Basically objects cast in an alloy of red copper and tin. (1) The addition of tin to red copper lowers the melting point, increases hardness, and adds beauty. (1) There are various kinds of containers, musical instruments, tools, and weapons. (1) Originating before the Shang Dynasty, (1) it flourished during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and began to decline during the Han Dynasty. (1)

4 gold and silver wrong bronze and other metal objects decorative method, also known as "wrong gold and silver". (1) Beginning in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, it was still in use during the Han Dynasty and beyond. (1) The practice is, in the artifacts carved out of the pattern, (1) inlaid with gold and silver wire or piece in the engraved lines, and then polished smooth. (1) To give the objects a delicate and ornate decorative effect. (1)

5 Bronze mirror A bronze casting to identify the appearance of an object. (1) The front side is smooth and bright, and the back side often has decorative patterns. (1) China's early bronze mirrors have been seen in the Qijia culture site, (1) after the two warring states, the two Han, the Tang two peaks, the art turned to decline, (1) into the Qing Dynasty, for the replacement of glass mirrors. (1)

6 belt hook Ancient people buckle belt or carry wear hanging small objects, (1) shaped like a slightly curved long strip or lute, etc.. (1) because of the strong display, often elaborate production, ornate decoration, (1) material although the majority of bronze, but also common gold, silver, jade. (1) Appeared in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the Warring States, Qin and Han popular. (1)

7 Clip Boehmeria nivea A method of making lightweight lacquerware carcasses, Boehmeria nivea is hemp cloth. (1) The practice is to make an inner tube of wood or mud, and then coat it with several layers of lacquer-coated linen, and then remove the inner tube and paint the linen shell with lacquer after it dries. (1) Began in the Warring States period and became popular in the two Han dynasties. (1) Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, it has been used to make statues. (1)

8 Glass Ancient China, often referred to as "glaze", etc., (1) into the Qing Dynasty, also known as "material ware". (1) had long belonged to the lead-barium glass, (1) its transparency and heat resistance are not as good as the Western soda-lime glass, (1) this situation did not change until the Qing Dynasty. (1)

9 Kaogongji The earliest known technical work on ancient crafts in China. (1) Should have been written in Qi during the Warring States period, (1) Western Han Dynasty, supplemented into the "Zhou Rites", more than 7100 words exist today. (1) Systematically summarizes the handicraft technology of that time, rich in the significance of science and technology history, and also puts forward important ideas of arts and crafts. (1) The principle of handicraft production is "Heaven has its time, earth has its air, materials have their beauty, and work has its skill, and when all these four are combined, then it can be made into a good one". (1)

10 Substance Lamp A well-designed copper lamp popular in the Han Dynasty. (1) A smoking pipe was provided to draw smoke into the lamp body, and (1) the lamp body could often hold water so that the smoke would dissolve in the water to minimize air pollution. (1) The lampshade can be opened and closed to adjust the intensity and direction of light. (1) The Changxin Palace Lamp excavated from a Han tomb in Mancheng, Hebei Province, is a lamp. (1)

11 trousseau box A well-designed container. (1) A number of smaller containers can be placed closely together in a larger container, (1) such as a multi-child trousseau and a cup box (1). Space-saving, easy to carry, clean and hygienic. (1) Most of the pieces seen today are Han Dynasty lacquerware. (1)

12 Yunqi pattern Matured no later than the Warring States period, is the main decorative pattern of the Han Dynasty, (1) its popularity is related to the idea of gods and immortals. (1) It increases the dynamism of the pattern, which can both divide the picture, (1) and make the various decorative areas produce a unified effect. (1) Often paired with animal motifs to form the "cloud and bellflower" pattern. (1)

13 Han Dynasty four gods that is, the blue dragon, white tiger, Zhuquan, Xuanwu, also known as the "four spirit pattern". (1) They symbolize the four directions (1) of east, west, south, north and south, and the four seasons of spring, autumn, summer and winter. (1) is a popular decorative theme in the Han Dynasty, (1) reflects the Han people's idea of gods and immortals and the concept of warding off evil spirits and seeking good fortune. (1)

14 Porcelain Ware Wares made of porcelain stone or porcelain stone with kaolin clay, (1) glazed and then fired at a high temperature of more than 1,200 degrees Celsius. (1) The body of the tire is dense and solid, and the snapping pronunciation is crisp. (1) Invented in China, with a history no later than the Han Dynasty, (1) the two Songs were the peak of its art. (1)

15 Yue Kiln The Yue Kiln, with sites in the Shaoxing and Ningbo areas of Zhejiang Province, was an important kiln from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. (1) Primarily firing celadon, (1) its heyday was from the Late Tang Dynasty to the early Northern Song Dynasty. (1) The glaze pursues the texture of jade, and the wares often carry various types of decoration. (1) The work was described as "ice-like" and "jade-like" by the Book of Tea. (1)

16 He Chou was an artisan from the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty. (1) Ancestry should be Central Asia, (1) Long presided over the palace camp and production. (1) Sui Dynasty, he imitated the Persian gold thread brocade robe is more exquisite than the original, (1) and green porcelain imitation glass, the effect is "not different from the real. (1)

17 Dou Shilun early Tang famous silk pattern designer. (1) the design of Ruijin, Palace damask "chapter color beautiful", (1) often to the chicken, sheep, phoenix, Lin as the theme, (1) pattern more symmetrical form. (1) because of the Duke of the Duchess of Ling Yang Gong, so his design is known as the "Ling Yang Gong-like". (1)

18 folder val A method of printing and dyeing silk and other fabrics that became popular in the Tang Dynasty. (1) The practice is to take two pieces of the same pattern of hollowed out flower plate (1), the width of the fabric folded according to the clamp, from both sides of the dyeing, (1) pattern symmetry. (1) Some works can form a variety of colorful patterns due to multiple applications of dye. (1)

19 UNION BEAD PATTERN A decorative motif popular in China from the mid-6th to the late 7th century. (1) Consisting of successive round beads, (1) Typical of the link-bead circle pattern on silk, (1) Attributed to the influence of Sassanid Persia, which was imported via Central Asia. (1) At the beginning of the 8th century, it gradually withdrew from the mainstream of decoration in the center. (1)

20 gold and silver flat off the Tang Dynasty popular method of high-grade decoration, (1) from the Han Dynasty, the development of gold and silver pieces. (1) The practice is to cut and carve the gold and silver pieces into patterns, paste them on the lacquer floor, put together a pattern, (1) and then apply lacquer, grinding, so that the pattern is flush with the lacquer floor. (1) Used to decorate lacquerware, bronze mirrors, and even porcelain. (1)

21 Carved lacquer A category of lacquerware said to have begun in the Tang Dynasty. (1) The practice is to apply dozens or even hundreds of coats of lacquer to the tires, (1) and then carve designs on the lacquer. (1) red, black, rhinoceros, colorful and so on. (1) After the Yuan Dynasty, carved lacquer, typified by red lacquer, became the representative of Chinese lacquerware. (1)

22 Ci Zhou Kiln The kiln site is in the area of Handan, Hebei province, and is a typical folk kiln. (1) Prosperous in the Song and Jin dynasties. (1) Richly decorated, with black flowers on a white ground being the most typical, (1) the patterns are often simple and dashing (1). Great influence in the Central Plains. (1)

23 Shadow green Song and Yuan called "blue and white porcelain", (1) glaze color white with green. (1) Ware with carving, scratching, printing and other decorations, (1) a large number of firing in the Song and Yuan in the south, (1) Jingdezhen products are the most representative. (1)

24 Leather Pouch Pot The most representative ceramic form of the Liao Dynasty, (1) also known as the "stirrup pot" and the "cockle pot". （There are a variety of styles, and the shape and decoration often mimic those of leather containers. (1) The evolution of the shape reflects the change in the life of the Khitan people from nomadic to semi-settled. (1)

25 Discounted gold and silver Traditional lacquerware varieties. (1) The practice is to carve out a pattern on the lacquer ground, (1) lacquer the inside of the carving, and then fill it with gold and silver foil. (1) The origins can be traced back to the needle carvings of the Western Han Dynasty, (1) and the works of the Song Dynasty were already very fine. (1)

26 blue and white Cobalt oxide is used as a coloring agent, (1) painted designs on the body, glazed, and then kiln-fired porcelain. (1) Ware is white with blue flowers or blue with white flowers effect. (1) Because the Mongols were still white and blue, (1) it matured in the late Yuan period and has since become representative of Chinese ceramics. (1)

27 Full Pond Jiao A pictorial representation of a "small pond scene". (1) In the pond, lotus is in full bloom, often accompanied by waterfowl such as mandarin ducks. (1) The motif, which was finalized by the embroidery of Yuan Wenzong's imperial garments, was an important decorative motif for Yuan blue and white, (1) and continued to be used for the next generation. (1)

28 The Great Jade Sea of Mt. Blasphemy The largest surviving ancient jade container. (1) Created in early 1266, it was an important courtly wine storage vessel for the Mongol Yuan. (1) The color is greenish-black with white spots. (1) The outer wall is carved with sea dragons and seahorses in the waves. (1) image of full-bodied, majestic and large, weighing about 3,500 kilograms. (1)

29 Doucai A type of painted porcelain since the Ming Dynasty. (1) Decoration consists of underglaze blue and color on the glaze. (1) Founded no later than the Xuande period. (1) Chenghua Doucai is the most prestigious, (1) products are mostly small and elegant. (1)

30 Gu Embroidery A famous embroidery of the Ming and Qing dynasties. (1) In the late Ming Dynasty, the women of the Gu family who lived in Shanghai's Lu Xiang Yuan were good at embroidery, and their embroidery was called "Gu embroidery" or "Lu Xiang Yuan embroidery. (1) The embroidery needles and threads are extremely thin, and the color scheme is natural. (1) Most of the embroidery scripts are taken from paintings, and the works are mainly works of appreciation. (1) Han Ximeng is a representative figure of Gu embroidery. (1)

31 Xuande Furnace During the Xuande period of Ming Dynasty (1) the official government cast a number of incense burners and other exquisite copper. (1) Copper material was melted many times, (1) sometimes, adding gold and silver for decoration, (1) beautiful color, ancient and elegant shape, rich in shapes. (1) There are many imitations. (1)

32 Choke enamel Commonly known as "cloisonné". (1) Copper as a tire, (1) by pinching, welding, point blue, blue, polished, gilded and other processes. (1) pattern exquisite, rich and luxurious style, (1) is an important variety of arts and crafts since the Ming. (1)

33 Record of Painting and Decoration The only existing monograph on ancient lacquer art in China, (1) by Huang Cheng, a famous lacquerer from Xin'an in the Ming Dynasty. (1) A detailed record of the tools, materials, and methods used to make lacquerware, (1) also covers the principles of lacquerware creation and the history of lacquerware. (1) At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Ming of Jiaxing annotated it article by article. (1)

34 Ming Furniture High-quality furniture represented by hardwood furniture of the Ming dynasty, (1) with production dates extending into the early Qing dynasty, (1) typified by Suzhou pieces. (1) A wide range of categories, focus on the selection of materials, exquisite workmanship, simple decoration, (1) the shape of the wash, appropriate scale, elegant style. (1)

35 enamel color enameled porcelain varieties of the Qing dynasty Kangxi founded. (1) basically for the imperial ware, (1) generally first burned into white porcelain in Jingdezhen, (1) shipped to Beijing, by the court painter to enamel material to draw patterns, and then into the kiln for a second roasting. (1) The works are fine and colorful, rich in the artistic atmosphere of the court. (1) The highest level was achieved during the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods. (1)

36 famille rose porcelain varieties of painted porcelain founded in the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty. (1) with "glass white" in some decorative parts of the base, (1) to increase the contrast between light and dark colors, (1) drawing patterns using the rendering method, also known as "soft color. (1) Yongzheng, Qianlong pastel has the highest reputation. (1)

37 auspicious patterns a class of patterns that express the wish for a better life. (1) content by the subject matter of the harmonic, (1) allegorical and other techniques. (1) A wide variety of categories, reflecting the concept is also very complex. (1) The origin is very early, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been extremely popular. (1)

38 Jade Mountain of Dayu Ruling the Waters A furnishing made in the late Qianlong period, (1) the largest jade carving of ancient times in existence. (1) Of green jade, it is more than two meters high and weighs more than five tons. (1) Based on the design of a Song dynasty painting of the same name in the Qing Palace collection, it was carved in Yangzhou. (1) Representing the grandiose scene of the opening of a mountain and the treatment of water in the age of legends. (1)

Short answer

1 The main methods of molding primitive pottery and their effects There are mainly three kinds of kneading, clay coil building and wheel system. (1) Kneading is suitable for making small wares, and (1) the shapes are generally irregular. (1) Larger objects are often made of clay, and (1) the walls of the tires are thicker than those of the larger objects. (1) wheel system appeared later, it can make the shape of the artifacts neat, uniform thickness of the body. (1) wheel system has slow wheel, fast wheel, the former earlier than the latter. (1) to fast wheel billet molding, can make the carcass very thin. (1)

2 Lacquerware of the Han Dynasty The first half of the Western Han Dynasty to the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese lacquerware. (1) Workshops were spread all over the region, with Shu and Guanghan counties being the most famous. (1) Widely into the life, the upper class of society often owns very much. (1) The tires were made of wood, bamboo, and lightweight lacquer. (1) The shapes were rich, and excellent designs such as the multicolored trousseau box appeared. (1) Decorative methods were mainly painted, (1) but also needle-carved, button mouth, gold and silver sheet appliqués and inlays (1). The decoration is either rigorous or ethereal, and the subject matter is mostly cloudy air patterns and cloud pendant stands. (1)

3 two Song ceramics style elegant and beautiful, (1) is the peak of Chinese ceramic art. (1) Many kilns, and emerged a number of unique appearance, artistic excellence of the famous kilns, (1) most of the shape of the clean and fresh, imitation of antiquity has become an important trend. (1) Decorative themes in a variety of forms, entwined flowers and folded flowers appear most. (1) Decorative techniques are all-encompassing, engraving, scratching, printing, painting is the most widely used. (1) The glaze color is rich, in addition to the traditional white glaze, green glaze, black glaze, and added the green and white glaze. (1) glaze moist pure beauty, many high-grade products and even only glaze for decoration. (1)

4 yuan blue and mongolian relationship China's blue and white porcelain originated early, but the long-term depression. (1) the Yuan dynasty, the sudden prosperity, which is closely related to the Mongolian culture: (1) Mongolia is still blue and white, blue and white porcelain just for the effect of blue flowers on white ground or blue and white flowers; (1) Mongolian diet bold, Yuan blue and white in the large number of large objects; (1) Mongolian evil seven heavy nine, Yuan blue and white decorative belt no seven layers, but a lot of nine layers; (1) Mongolia is used to migration, Yuan blue and white easy to carry the (1) The Mongols were used to migrating, and the Yuan blue and white flowers were easy to carry; (1) Some of the subjects such as the horn end and the cloud shoulder were also related to the Mongols. (1) Most of the Yuan blue and white was also fired in Jingdezhen, where the Fuliang Magnet Bureau is located. (1)

Three Phrases

1 Jade dragons are famous works of jade of the Hongshan culture, and as ceremonial vessels, the cong and bik are representative objects of Liangzhu culture jade.

2 Black pottery was produced in the Neolithic Age. The works of Shandong Longshan Culture and Liangzhu Culture are the most famous.

3 Eggshell pottery usually refers to a kind of black pottery in the late Neolithic period, using fast wheel molding, the wall is as thin as eggshell, and the shape is regular and circumscribed.

4 Primitive jade flourished in the middle and late Neolithic, with the highest level of work in the Hongshan and Liangzhu cultures.

5 A large number of bronzes and jades were unearthed from the Wuhao Tomb in Yinxu in the late Shang Dynasty.

6 The Simuwuding belongs to the late Shang Dynasty bronzes, and is supposed to be a four-legged square tripod cast by the King of Shang for his spouse, which is the largest known ancient bronze container in China.

7 Lacquerware refers to objects made of wood, bamboo, etc. and decorated with lacquer. The earliest known lacquerware in China was found at the Hemudu culture site.

8 Changsha Mawangdui No. 1 Han Tomb era belongs to the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, the tomb unearthed a large number of silk and lacquer ware, etc..

9 Changes in decoration in the North and South Dynasties are mainly the large number of botanical patterns and realistic tendency of the subject, the North Dynasty works are particularly obvious. Both of these changes have the general background of the eastward expansion of Western civilization and the spread of Buddhism to the east.

10Warp brocade and weft brocade respectively use the techniques of warp and weft brocade, before the Tang Dynasty, Chinese brocade is mainly warp brocade, and after the Tang Dynasty, it is mostly weft brocade.

11 Xing kiln kiln site in Hebei Neiqiu, famous for white porcelain. Fine glaze is as white as snow, objects are generally not decorated.12 Secret color porcelain refers to the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty in the middle of the Yue Kiln tribute porcelain, the glaze for the presentation of color varies from green, glaze is warm and moist as jade.

13 Changsha kiln site in Changsha City, Wangcheng County, wares to the green glaze, decorative techniques to the most representative of color painting.

14Tang Sancai is a kind of low-temperature lead-glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty. The glaze is colorful and often decorated ornately.

15Tang Dynasty silverware is often gilt in the main decorative parts of the gold and silver, gold and silver, gorgeous and unusual.

16 incense sachet usually refers to a cleverly designed metal incense burner, today's works are mostly silverware of the Tang Dynasty.

17The site of the Ding kiln is in Quyang, Hebei province. Known for its white porcelain with a creamy glaze, the kiln flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty and was highly influential.

18 The site of the Jun Kiln is in Yuxian, Henan Province, and is known for its kiln-glazed wares.

18 Jian kiln kiln site in Fujian Jianyang, known for firing black glazed bowls, marigolds and other tea utensils, flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty.

19Carved silk, also known as "woof", "Kesi" and so on. Weaving through the warp and weft method, the Song Dynasty began to become the center of civilization in the silk boutique.

20 Nashi lost is the translation of the Persian gold brocade. In China, it specifically refers to a kind of gold brocade of the Yuan Dynasty. The pattern is woven with gold thread, rich and gorgeous.

21 Zhu Bishan was a famous silversmith in the Yuan Dynasty.

22Lu Zigang was a famous jade worker in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and some of his works have been handed down.

23 Zisha pottery is a type of fine pottery fired in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. Generally unglazed, the wares are mostly teapots with elaborate shapes and beautiful pottery colors.

24 Ancient color that is since the Qing dynasty of five-color porcelain. Patterns painted with a single line of flat paint method, colorful, so it is also known as "hard color"