Reform and opening up 30 years of transportation in Shanxi by the "bottleneck" into a smooth road

30 years, the steady development of the national economy, people's living standards improved rapidly, the economic and social landscape has undergone profound changes. This period is also the fastest growing stage of transportation in Shanxi, through the demand-driven, technological progress and institutional innovation to achieve leapfrog development, in the scale of infrastructure, transportation supply capacity and other aspects of great achievements. By the end of 2007, the road mileage reached 120,000 kilometers, of which 1,893 kilometers of highway; railroad mileage reached 2,512 kilometers, of which 1,229 kilometers electrified; civil aviation routes reached more than 60, more than 50 cities through the air, air transport has made great progress. In the last 10 years, Shanxi transportation industry completed the average annual growth rate of passenger and cargo transportation turnover reached 7.4% and 7.6%, respectively, railroads, highways, civil aviation construction has made great achievements for the province and even the country's economic takeoff has laid a solid foundation.

A highway construction years into three thousand

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, in the national economy, "adjustment, reform, consolidation, improve" under the guidance of the guidelines, Shanxi highway traffic work has been a relatively rapid development. However, into the 80's, due to the increase in coal production and transportation of social materials, transportation lagging contradiction appears more and more prominent. 1980, the province's 27,261 kilometers of mileage, the fourth level of highways and other roads accounted for more than 77%. By 1983, the province has a road mileage of only 60%, there are still 11,091 kilometers of dirt roads, 11 counties do not pass the oil road, 1240 townships do not have access to highways, 4203 administrative villages do not have access to motor vehicles. The daily traffic volume of many trunk highways exceeds the design standard by several times or more than ten times. To Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Henan and other neighboring provinces of the key highway, due to small capacity, often blocked phenomenon. Such as too old road to the original road, "a small blockage every day, a big blockage three six nine", the longest traffic jam for seven days and seven nights, causing international public concern. Other access to the province, most of the low-grade highway or cut-off road. Backward transportation, become one of the main constraints on the construction of energy and heavy chemical industry base. On the one hand, a large number of Jin coal and other outbound materials backlog, only in 1983, the province's backlog of coal to be transported more than 30 million tons of coal, many coal mines accumulated coal spontaneous combustion and washed away by floods; on the other hand, the urgent need for Jin coal across the country can not be effectively addressed. In the face of the grim reality, Shanxi provincial party committee, the provincial government is determined to break the province's highway traffic semi-closed state, in the province to strengthen the construction of trunk routes and county and township highways at the same time, open the exit to the province, and developed the construction of the 10 Jin coal outbound highway planning. Since then, Shanxi highway transportation around the construction of energy and heavy chemical base, entered a new stage of comprehensive development.

"Sixth Five-Year Plan" period, the province built 1411 kilometers of new highways, bridges, 516, high-grade, second high-grade pavement 1,200 kilometers, the new repair through the 7 counties and 175 township oil roads. Newly built Datong Beijia soap to Sun Qizhuang, Yangquan Baimao Ling to Didu, Jincheng to Dakou, Jincheng to Zhanglukou 4 Jin coal outbound highway, a total length of 248 kilometers.

"Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the completion of infrastructure investment of 1.135 billion yuan, the province's new highway mileage of 2,022 kilometers, a total mileage of 30,784 kilometers. Has built Heshun to Dongpinggou, Xue village to single degree, Lingshuan to Xiuwu, Yuanping to the Great Wall Ridge, Changzhi to the lower Raccoon, Zuoquan to Shixian, Jincheng Xinfangwa to Henan Guanghua, Changzhi Yincheng to Huguan 8 Jin coal transportation out of the province highway. Listed as a national "seventh five-year plan" construction of key highway projects, the total length of 737 kilometers of Da (Tong) Yuncheng (City) Highway was completed and opened to traffic on September 28, 1990, for easing the tension in transportation, accelerate the development and utilization of coal resources in Shanxi to create favorable conditions. The province added nine counties with oil roads, realizing the province's counties with oil roads.

"Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, the province's highway mileage reached 33,644 kilometers, an increase of 2859 kilometers over the end of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", highway density of 21.53 kilometers per 100 square kilometers; highway mileage of 29,506 kilometers of highway grade The mileage of highway grade reached 29,506 kilometers, with 4,303 kilometers of high grade highway above Grade II and 94 kilometers of expressway. From 1992 to the end of 1995, the province **** financing 13.2 billion yuan for highway construction, the total investment is 1983-1992 10-year investment of 3.7 billion yuan 3.6 times. 16,330 kilometers of national and provincial highways above the second level were widened, 16,330 kilometers of new highways were built, 25,186 kilometers of highways were reconstructed, 10,468 kilometers of oil and cement roads were built, and 37,845 kilometers of new inter-village roads were constructed, which were 2.3 times, 2.2 times, 1.9 times, 1.4 times and 1.7 times of the previous 10 years, respectively.

"Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the province's highway construction completed a total investment of 33.8 billion yuan, the new highway mileage of 21,764 kilometers, the new highway above the second level of 5018 kilometers, 424 kilometers of new highways, new high-level sub-high road mileage of 14,954 kilometers. Following the first highway in 1996 - too old highway opened to traffic after the completion of the entire line, the province has built a number of major highways and bridges that have an impact in the country. Among them, the Wuxu Interchange hub double won the National Construction Engineering Quality Award "Luban Award", Jinjiao Expressway Danhe large stone arch bridge won the "World Guinness Book of Records". By the end of 2000, the province's highway mileage reached 55,408 kilometers, highway reached 518 kilometers, highway density from the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" at the end of the 21.5 kilometers / 100 square kilometers to 35.4 kilometers / 100 square kilometers. The province realized the strategic goal of "townships with oil roads, townships with highways, administrative villages with motor vehicles" three years ahead of schedule, and 81.7% of townships and 43.5% of administrative villages with oil roads, and 94% of administrative villages with highways. The province's highway both technical grade, or access depth have been further improved.

"Tenth Five-Year" period, is the province's transportation cause to continue to maintain the rapid development of the five years. In the provincial party committee, under the leadership of the provincial government, to the scientific concept of development to lead the overall situation, to adjust the road network structure and transportation structure as the main line, vigorously implement the "three hours of high-speed access", inter-county highway reconstruction, townships through the oil roads, villages and villages through the cement road "four major projects". During the five years, the province's highway construction completed investment of 70 billion yuan, is the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period of 2.1 times, accounting for "Tenth Five-Year Plan" of the province's total investment in fixed assets of 12%. New highway mileage of 14,155 kilometers, 1,168 kilometers of new highways, by the end of 2005, the province's highway mileage of 69,563 kilometers, the highway density of 44.5 kilometers / 100 square kilometers. Among them, the highway reached 1,686 kilometers, ranked 9th in the country; two or more high-grade highway reached 14,283 kilometers, ranked 8th in the country. The mileage of newly reconstructed rural cement roads and oil roads in Shanxi Province accounts for nearly 1/3 of the total mileage of rural oil roads and cement roads built in the same period in the country, and 100% of the townships and 80% of the formed villages in the province are basically connected with cement (oil) roads. At the same time, vigorously promote the rural passenger transportation network, has built 105 township bus station, rural bus shelters 1797, greeting station sign 11534, 100% of the province's townships, 83.6% of the formed villages through the bus, and 30 counties and cities to achieve the integration of urban and rural passenger transportation.

Over the past 30 years, Shanxi*** has invested 155.85 billion yuan in highway undertakings, accounting for 9.89% of the fixed investment in society as a whole, especially in 1998-2007, the investment in fixed assets in highways amounted to 135.67 billion yuan, which is more than 6.7 times that of the previous 20 years, thus making the transportation industry develop rapidly, and the face of the transportation undertakings The transportation industry has been rapidly developed and the outlook of the transportation industry has been refreshed. By the end of 2007, the province's highway route mileage has reached 119,869 kilometers, 4.4 times that of 1980, and the average mileage per 100 square kilometers increased from 17.4 in 1980 to 76.7, an increase of 3.4 times. Highway from scratch, there is a rapid growth of grade highway. 2007 the end of the province has built grade highway 107,102 km, 16.2 times more than in 1980, an average annual growth of 11.1%. Among the graded highways, highways and first-class highways have reached 1,893 kilometers and 1,265 kilometers respectively from scratch. In particular, the completion of highways such as Taihoku, Taichang, Changjin, Danyun, etc. has had a great impact on the economic construction of Shanxi and has given a strong impetus to, and has y affected all aspects of economic life of the whole society of Shanxi. At the same time, the construction of other levels of highway has also made remarkable achievements. By the end of 2007, the province built 12628 kilometers of secondary roads, 16365 kilometers of tertiary roads and 74951 kilometers of quaternary roads. In recent years, the development of county and rural roads has been very rapid, and the situation of closed transportation has basically improved. By the end of 2007, out of 119,869 kilometers of highway mileage, the national highway and provincial highway were 4,364 kilometers and 9,328 kilometers respectively, an increase of 56% and 48% over 1980, while county and rural highways were as high as 105,474 kilometers, accounting for 88% of the total mileage, an increase of 4.3 times over 1980. Among them, 18,104 kilometers of county roads, 41,045 kilometers of township roads and 46,324 kilometers of village roads. All 1,195 townships (towns) in the province have oil roads. Of the 28,100 administrative villages in the province, 28,072, or 99.9% of the total, are connected to roads. Among them, 23,789 are connected to oil roads, accounting for 84.7% of those connected to highways. Townships and townships through the highway, through the oil road, the development of the rural economy has played a pivotal role in rural transportation has become a history of closed conditions.

Car ownership and passenger and freight traffic has increased exponentially. 30 years ago, affected by the development of the national economy, the civilian car ownership is very limited, in the narrow highway to see only a few walking tractor and cargo trucks crawling, and even some places in the passenger transport is also the use of large trucks. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, the ownership of automobiles has increased exponentially, and the passenger and cargo transportation has risen sharply. at the end of 2007, the province's civilian automobile ownership amounted to 1,443,300 (excluding 290,000 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 32 times compared with that of 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 12.7%, of which there are 387,000 cargo vehicles and 1,028,000 passenger vehicles, respectively, and the number of passenger vehicles has increased by 12.7%. 1,028,000 vehicles, respectively 10.3 times and 123.3 times more than in 1978. The number of automobiles per 100 kilometers of road increased from 143.2 in 1978 to 1,447.1, an expansion of 9.1 times. As a result of the large increase in civilian car ownership, the volume and turnover of highway cargo and passengers also grew rapidly. By the end of 2007, the province's road cargo transportation and turnover were 820 million tons and 42.75 billion ton kilometers respectively, an increase of 12 times and 37 times over 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 9.2% and 13.4%. Passenger traffic and turnover were 400 million and 20.7 billion person-kilometers respectively, up 15.7 times and 16.8 times over 1978, with an average annual growth of 10.2% and 10.4%. With the continuous development of highway construction, the increasing number of civilian cars, 30 years ago and even 20 years ago in people's lives also often appear in the transportation difficulties, difficult to travel, difficult to ride the phenomenon of all disappeared.

Second, the railroad transportation performance is brilliant

Shanxi as China's heavy chemical energy base, railroad transportation in the province and even the country has a pivotal role. After years of construction, the skeleton of Shanxi railroad network has been initially formed, and strongly promote the development of Shanxi Province and the national economy.

Since the reform and opening up, the state, the province of the railroad construction has invested a lot of human, material and financial resources, so that the railroad transportation industry in Shanxi has been a great development, the transportation facilities continue to increase and improve, the transportation capacity increased significantly. State Railway successively built Shuo Huang Railway, North Tongpu Yuanping - Taiyuan construction of the second line of the renovation project, Xinhe branch line renovation and new Hebian - Dongye contact line project and South Tongpu Houma - Dongzhen construction of the second line of the project, completed 200 million tons of the Daqin line, Houyue line of 100 million tons and the South Tongpu line expansion and renovation project. Tai-Zhong-Yin Railway, Jianshuo Railway is under construction. Local railroads have built filial piety willow, Wu Mo, Ning Jing, Qin Qin, Yang Shibi Railway, started construction of Bali Wawa Railway. By the end of 2007, the province's railroad mileage reached 2,784 kilometers, of which 2,512 kilometers of national railroads, local railroads 272 kilometers. Every 100 square kilometers has 1.78 kilometers of railroad, an increase of 35.3% over 1978. In particular, Shanxi local railroads are distributed in poor mountainous areas and old revolutionary areas, the construction of local railroads, for poor mountainous areas as soon as possible to get rid of poverty, revitalization of the Shanxi economy has played an extremely important role.

Railway transportation has maintained the momentum of rapid growth. By the end of 2007, the province's railroad sector freight volume reached 600 million tons, an increase of 5.5 times over 1978, freight turnover amounted to 118.56 billion tons of kilometers, an increase of 5.6 times over 1978. In terms of passenger transportation, the railroad sector has made brilliant achievements over the years for the development of the national economy and for the convenience of people's lives. The railroads have always been in the front line when people encountered snowstorms, floods and other problems in long-distance transportation such as business trips, tourism and visiting friends and relatives. Railroad passenger traffic has increased dramatically year by year, although in recent years with the rapid development of highway undertakings, greatly alleviating the tension of the railroad capacity, but passenger traffic is still high. 2007, the province's railroad passenger traffic amounted to more than 41.82 million people, more than double the 1978; passenger turnover amounted to 12.25 billion person-kilometers, an increase of four times over the 1978.

The amount of coal transported by railroads in Shanxi to all parts of the country was 76.23 million tons in 1978, 178.46 million tons in 1988, 215.34 million tons in 1998, and 527.3 million tons in 2007, which is 102.23 million tons, 139.11 million tons and 45.07 million tons more than 1978 respectively, and an increase of 1.34 times, 1.82 times and 5.91 times. Shanxi railroad transportation has made great contributions to the economic construction across the country.

Railway facilities improved significantly, the number of locomotives and coaches increased year by year. 1978, the province's railroad system only 442 locomotives, 491 coaches, most of which are steam locomotives, most of the coaches are hard seat cars. By 1988, the number of locomotives increased to 675 and the number of coaches increased to 942. By 1998, the number of locomotives increased to 828 and the number of coaches to 1,478. By the end of 2007, the number of locomotives reached 1,431, an increase of 2.2 times compared with 1978, of which internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives accounted for the absolute proportion, expanding from 5.7% in 1978 to 100%. Compared with 1978, the types of locomotives have taken a qualitative leap. Steam locomotives powered by burning coal were the absolute mainstay of locomotives in 1978, accounting for 94.3% of the total number of locomotives, which have now all been replaced by internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives. Transportation efficiency has been greatly improved, with the daily output of freight locomotives increasing from 588,000 tons of kilometers in 1978 to 1,429,000 tons of kilometers. The number of railroad coaches owned was 1,656, an increase of 2.4 times over 1978. More than half of them are soft sleeper, hard sleeper and soft seat cars, the proportion of which increased from 11.2% in 1978 to 44.7%. Passenger car operating speed from the 1990s after six major speed increases, passenger car travel speed reached 53.4 kilometers per hour, compared with 28.2 kilometers per hour in 1978, an increase of 25.2 kilometers.

Third, the aviation industry is booming

Aviation in the construction of the national economy occupies a very important position, plays a fairly important role. 30 years ago, Shanxi aviation industry is very backward, the small-scale Taiyuan Airport facilities are simple, low capacity, air transport materials and passengers are very limited. 1978 Taiyuan Airport passenger traffic less than 20,000 people, the passenger turnover of 5.08 million people, cargo volume of 900 tons. In 1978, Taiyuan Airport carried less than 20,000 passengers and 5.08 million passengers, and only 900 tons of freight and 770,000 tons of cargo. Such transportation conditions and capacity seriously restricted the development of Shanxi's economy. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, with the further deepening of reform and opening up, the provincial party committee, the provincial government for the actual situation in Shanxi, developed a series of policies to adjust the industrial structure, while vigorously grasping the construction of highways, and make great efforts to grasp the Shanxi aviation industry, the work has made gratifying achievements, especially the airport construction has achieved leapfrog development.

The rapid expansion of airport construction. The construction of the airport is Shanxi revitalization of the economy, adjust the industrial structure of the leading project, is the development of tourism, driving the city's economic development of the key infrastructure projects, but also open up to the world of Shanxi bridge project. By the end of 2007, Shanxi has four airports (Taiyuan Wuxu Airport, Changzhi Airport, Yuncheng Guanguang Airport and Datong Airport), with more than 60 air routes and about 50 cities, which has basically formed an air transportation network centered on Taiyuan and radiating to the whole country. Taiyuan Wuxu Airport is the international backup airport for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In 2006, the State and Shanxi Province*** invested about 1.5 billion RMB to expand Taiyuan Wuxu Airport. The expansion project mainly consists of four parts: flight area, terminal area, air control system and aviation fuel system. Taiyuan Wuxu Airport will be a large and beautiful airport with significantly improved aviation facilities. The existing runway will be extended, and the landing capacity will be increased from the current Boeing 747 to Boeing 767, as well as to meet the backup needs of the A380, and the class of the flight area will be upgraded from the current Class 4D to Class 4E accordingly. The terminal area will have a new 50,000-square-meter terminal building and its ancillary facilities, as well as renovation and decoration of the existing old terminal building, when the old and new terminals are linked together to form a large-scale waiting area with an area of nearly 60,000 square meters, which is very convenient for passengers waiting for their flights. Through this airport expansion, by 2015, the airport can fully meet the needs of the airport's passenger throughput of 6 million passengers, cargo transportation throughput of 100,000 tons, the peak hour of 2,500 passengers, the peak hour of takeoff and landing of 30 aircraft. Civil Aviation Administration of China requires Taiyuan airport expansion project must adhere to the "one design, step by step implementation" principle, to be moderately ahead of the high standard design, high quality construction, to ensure that at least 20 years do not lag behind. At present, the new 55,000 square meters of terminal building has been completed, at the end of August 2008 has been put into use; Changzhi Airport in September 2003 officially put into use, in 2004 the airport added 01 runway ILS and GP/DME equipment (radio automatic navigation system), so that Changzhi Airport take-off and landing aircraft visibility from the original 2400 meters down to 800 meters, equivalent to Taiyuan Airport The flight conditions of Changzhi Airport have reached the national 4C standard. It marks that the flights in and out of Changzhi have fundamentally ensured its on-time rate, and flight delays have basically become history, creating a good travel environment for entering and leaving Changzhi. At present, there are 5 routes to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Datong and Chengdu; Yuncheng Guan Gong Airport is a 3C-level regional tourism airport approved by the General Staff and the National Development and Reform Commission, and is a key project of Shanxi Province's "Tenth Five-Year Plan". The airport covers an area of 2,900 acres, with a total investment of 230 million yuan, and a runway length of 2,400 meters, which can land Boeing 737 series of various types of airplanes, with an annual design capacity of 220,000 passengers. The airport renovation and expansion project started in May 2002, and completed the construction task of the main project in November 2004. the first flight was made on February 8, 2005, and there are 7 routes to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu, and Taiyuan; Datong Airport is an important part of the regional airport construction network of the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the People's Republic of China, and is the second largest civil airport in Shanxi, and is also a key project of the province and the city of Datong City. It is the second largest civil airport in Shanxi, the key project of the province and the city, and also a major initiative to adjust the industrial structure and improve the function of the city of Datong. The national, provincial and municipal leaders have paid special attention to the construction of Datong Airport. Since the construction began on July 30, 2001, after four years of hard work, the airport has finally completed all the construction tasks and the industry acceptance of civil aviation professional engineering, and on December 25, 2005, it was opened to the air. It can take off and land Boeing 737 and other medium-sized passenger planes below, and there are seven routes to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Haikou and Changzhi. As an energy and heavy chemical industry base, Datong, in order to get out of the single coal economic structure, has set up the strategy of "three excellences and three places" with the objectives of "famous city, resources and location" and "processing, tourism and commerce". "

The city of Datong is a place where people can enjoy the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, the beauty of the city, and the beauty of the city.

With the accelerated pace of airport construction, transportation volume maintains high growth. Shanxi Airlines to economic efficiency as the center, and actively organize the production and operation activities, has achieved better business performance. 2007 end, the passenger traffic amounted to 4,055,000 passengers, passenger turnover 4.42 billion people kilometers, the amount of cargo transported 42,700 tons, 44.33 million tons of cargo turnover kilometers, respectively, compared with 1978, an increase of 203 times, 870 times, 47 times and 57 times. As the reform and opening up continue to deepen, with the gradual improvement of the investment environment in Shanxi, Shanxi aviation will further develop, Shanxi aviation will become more and more important transportation channel.