Geography Preliminaries Outline for the Second Semester of the First Year

The world's largest continent is Asia, with an area of 44 million km2, which also has the widest latitudinal span and the longest east-west distance in the world.

2. Australia has been called "the country on the back of a sheep" and "the country on a mine cart".

3. Japan has a land area of 378,000km2, a population of 127 million (2000), the capital city of Tokyo, the economy: the country lacks mineral resources, so it needs a lot of imports of industrial raw materials, fuels, and a large number of exports of manufactured goods, the development of a processing trade-based economy.

4. The largest plain in Japan is the Kanto Plain. The inhabitants are mainly Yamato. The Japanese language is commonly spoken.

5. The three main terrain areas in western Europe are: the mountains dominated by the Scandinavian mountains in the north, the plains area dominated by the West European Plain and the Bordeaux Plain in the center, and the mountains dominated by the Alpine system in the south stretching to the three major peninsulas.

6. The traditional festival in Brazil is Carnival, during which people sing and dance all night long.

7. There are two main types of climate in Southeast Asia: tropical rainforest climate, which is found in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and most of the Malay Archipelago; and tropical monsoon climate, which is found in the central and southern peninsulas and the northern part of the Philippine Islands.

8. The United States*** has 50 states and the District of Columbia, where the capital is located, and two of the overseas states are Alaska and Hawaii. The population is 282 million (2000) and the area is 9.37 million km2 . The largest plain in the world is the Amazon Plain.

9. The famous industrial zones of the world are from Britain eastward to the territory of Poland and from Scandinavia southward to Italy.

10. Brazil has the world's largest hydroelectric power plant now built is the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant, a joint venture between Brazil and Paraguay.

11. Australia's continental terrain is low and flat, with an average elevation of only 300 meters above sea level, which is the world's most gently undulating continent. Divided into three major terrain areas, the east: the Great Dividing Range is dominated by mountains; central: Australia's Great Basin is dominated by the plains; the west: broad and flat plateau.

12. Transportation in Russia is mainly by rail. The common language in North American countries is English. Latin America is dominated by a mestizo race. The deepest lake in the world is Lake Baikal. It is a (light and salty) freshwater lake.

13. The birds endemic to Antarctica are penguins. The organism with the largest number of individuals is the krill. The main animals of the Arctic are polar bears. Russia's climate is mainly temperate continental, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The Arctic Ocean coast has a polar climate with year-round cold, and the Pacific coast has a temperate monsoon climate. One of the European part of the railroad network is very dense, centered on Moscow in a radial shape, the main bearer of inland navigation of the river is the Volga.

14. Agriculture in the United States is characterized by the realization of the specialization of agricultural regions and specialization in agricultural production.

15. The largest basin in the world is the Congo Basin. The continent on which the basin is located is called the "highland continent" and the "tropical continent". The climate of the interior of the basin is characterized by tropical rainforests. The main objects of pipeline transportation in Russia are oil and gas.

16. Brazil's population and cities are located mainly on the eastern coast, with the southeast coast being the most densely populated. The population is 170 million (2000). The level of urbanization in Brazil is over 70%.

17. The main products of Southeast Asia: rice: Burma (Myanmar), Vietnam (South), Thailand (Thailand). Rubber (rubber) oil (palm): Thai (country), Ma (Malaysia), India (Indonesia). Coconut: Philippine (Rupiah), Ma (Lysia), Indian (Tunisia).

18. There are two rivers in South Asia, the Ganges in India and the Indus in Pakistan. South Asia's climate is tropical monsoon climate, a year divided into three seasons: March to May for the hot season, the southwest monsoon has not yet arrived, high temperature and little rain; June to October for the rainy season, the southwest monsoon brings a lot of precipitation, accounting for 80% of the total precipitation of the year to 90%, hot and humid and rainy; from November to the next year in February for the cool season, the prevalence of dry northeasterly monsoon, the climate is cool and pleasant.

19. The second most populous country in the world is India, whose population in 2000 had reached one billion. The three major religions in South Asia are Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. Hinduism is practiced by 80% of the people in India, and Islam is the state religion in Pakistan, where more than 97% of the population are Muslims.

20. The world's largest landlocked country is Kazakhstan. Uzbekistan is known as the 'Land of Platinum'.

21. Malaysia leads the world in tin ore production. The country known as the 'Garden City' is Singapore.

22. The Middle East is the region with the largest oil reserves and the largest production and export of oil in the world. Mainly in the Persian Gulf and coastal areas. The Middle East is the birthplace of the world-famous three religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, and the "holy city" of the three religions is Jerusalem.

23. The largest plain in Southeast Asia is the Mekong Delta. The topography of the Central and Southern Peninsula is characterized by: mountains and rivers, longitudinal distribution. The extent of Southeast Asia consists of two parts the Central South Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago.

24. The international river that flows through the most countries in Europe is the Danube, and the longest river in Europe is the Volga. The climate of the Antarctic region is characterized by dryness, severe cold and gale force winds.

The largest and most populous country in Latin America is Brazil. The capital of the country is Brasilia. The world's smallest continent is Oceania. Animals endemic to Australia are the emu, kangaroo, platypus, wombat, and echidna.

26. The highest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau. "The country that rides on the back of a sheep and sits on a mine cart is Australia. The largest lake in the world is the Caspian Sea.

27. Antarctica is owned by penguins. The Antarctic region is known as the "Ice Plateau", most of which is covered with thick ice, the thickness of the ice more than 1720 meters. Antarctica covers an area of 14 million square kilometers, the average altitude of 2350 meters, is the world's highest average altitude of a continent.

28. The best time for Antarctic scientific research is the warm season in Antarctica, i.e., November to March every year. This is the time when the Antarctic is polarized (polar day, polar night). The largest country in the world is Russia, with an area of 17.08 million km2 .

29. Known as the "Mediterranean Sea of the American continent" is the "Great Lakes", the world's largest freshwater lake is Lake Superior. The cause of the Great Lakes in North America is glaciation. North America's climate is mainly temperate continental climate.

30. The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula. The largest archipelago in the world is the Malay Archipelago.

31. Brazil is known as the country with the largest tropical area in the world. Brazil has the world's largest production of three tropical cash crops: coffee, sisal, bananas and sugar.

32. Japan's industries are mainly located in a narrow strip of land along the Pacific Ocean and the Seto Inland Sea. Oil from the Middle East is mainly exported to Western Europe, the United States, and Japan.

33 . The country occupying the largest tropical area in the world is Brazil. The United States has the fourth longest river in the world is the Mississippi. Japan has a zigzag coastline.

34. The center of the textile industry in India is Calcutta; the center of the cotton industry is Mumbai. The capital of Russia is Moscow.

35. In western Europe, the livestock industry accounts for more than 70% of the value of agriculture, the two world-famous "dairy country" is the Netherlands and Denmark.

36. The highest and longest mountain range in the world is the Andes. The indigenous people living in the Americas are the Indians. They belong to the yellow race. They created the glorious Mayan culture.

37. Australia's population and cities are mainly found on the southeast coast. The capital city is Canberra. The largest city is Sydney. The largest river is the Murray River.

38. Asia is separated from Oceania by the sea in the south. To the southwest it is bounded by Africa by the Suez Canal. The largest and most populous country in South Asia is India. The population has now reached one billion.

39. The capital of Japan is Tokyo. The terrain of Japan is mountainous, with many hills and mountains, and frequent volcanoes and earthquakes. The climate is dominated by temperate oceanic climate and subtropical monsoon climate. It is rich in forests and hydroelectric resources and poor in mineral resources.

40.The territory of Japan consists of four islands, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and Hokkaido. The largest plain in Japan is the Kanto Plain, located on the island of Honshu.

41. The country with the widest span of longitude in the world is Russia. The world's widest continent across longitude is Antarctica. The world's widest ocean in terms of longitude is the Arctic Ocean. The Volga River empties into the Caspian Sea.

42. India is characterized by frequent droughts and floods in terms of meteorological hazards because the country's climate is dominated by a tropical monsoon climate. Asia's topography is characterized by high in the middle and low in the surroundings. Asia's climate is complex and diverse, temperate monsoon climate and temperate continental climate is the most widely distributed.

43. Europe **** there are four large peninsulas, the Mediterranean coast is famous for the three major peninsulas Iberian Peninsula, the Apennine Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula; the northern part is the Scandinavian Peninsula. The peninsula where Italy is located is the Apennines.

44. The largest island in Africa is Madagascar. The tallest mountain in Japan is Mount Fuji, which is an active volcano.

45.The two scientific research stations that have been established in Antarctica are the Great Wall Station and the Zhongshan Station.

46. Russia has a port, Murmansk, which is located within the Arctic Circle but remains frozen all year round. The reason for this is that it benefits from the warmth of the North Atlantic Current. The country is rich in resources: fresh water (Lake Baikal), forests (sub-boreal coniferous forests are the most extensive in the world), mineral resources (oil, gold, non-ferrous metals).

47. The largest plain in the world is the Amazonian plain. The world's largest tropical rainforest climate zone is located in the Amazon River basin. The country with the largest area of tropical rainforest in the world is Brazil.

48. The largest seaport in Russia is St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea coast. The seaport on the Pacific coast is Vladivostok.

49.The country with the largest east-west span in the world is Russia, which is more than 10,000 kilometers. The two agricultural regions of Russia are the Volga Valley and the Don Valley. Russia's topography on the distribution of rivers: the vast plains in the west, the dense network of rivers; the east of the high mountains and deep valleys, mountains and rivers, longitudinal distribution.

50. An important indicator of a country's population growth is the natural rate of population growth; sub-Saharan Africa has the world's fastest growing population (fast and slow).

Sub-Saharan economies are primary product-based. Population, environment and food have become the key considerations for local economic development. The United States has 10% of the world's arable land and more than half of the country's plains.

52. The area of western Europe is 5 million kilometers2 . In terms of the level of economic development, the vast majority of them belong to developed countries.

53. The terrain of the Middle East is dominated by high plateaus with a tropical desert climate. The capital of Egypt is Cairo. The production and export of long-staple cotton ranks first in the world. Agriculture is concentrated in the Nile Valley and the delta.

54. Europe has the most typical temperate oceanic climate in the world, and the climate along the Mediterranean coast is Mediterranean.

55. The indigenous peoples of North America are the Indians and the Inuit, of whom the Indians are of the yellow race. The three countries along the Baltic Sea are usually referred to as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

56. The type of climate that is hot and dry in summer and mild and rainy in winter is the Mediterranean climate. Of the four major islands of Japan, the one located in the southernmost part is Kyushu.

57. The highest mountain range in the world is the Himalayas. The world's highest mountain is Mount Everest. The home of the black race is in sub-Saharan Africa.

58.The main food crop in Latin America is corn. It is the "kingdom" of three tropical cash crops: coffee, sugar cane and bananas. Latin America is a society with a large number of people of mixed race. For example, Brazil accounts for 40% of the country's population. The mountain range that runs through the western part of South America is the Andes.

59. The capital of Germany is Berlin. The capital of Brazil is Brasilia. The capital of England is London. The capital of France is Paris. The capital of the United States is Washington.

60.The industries in western Europe are manufacturing-based industries, which dominate the developed world.

61.The Russian terrain located between two plains is the Ural Mountains. The river located between the plateau and the mountains is the Lena River.

62.The country that borders our country and is the largest country in the world is Russia. If you choose a location on the earth and require it to face north on all sides, you should should choose the Antarctic Pole.

63. According to the doctrine of plate tectonics, Australia is located on the Indian Ocean Plate. The scarcest natural resource in the Middle East is water. The most abundant resource is petroleum.

64. The climate of the Tibetan Plateau is dominated by highland mountainous climate. What characterizes the climate of Japan monsoonal and oceanic. Arabs are mainly found in West Asia and North Africa (or the Middle East).

65.The largest of Japan's four major islands is Honshu. Which economy dominates Japan's processing and trade-based economy. The Strait of Malacca lies between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra , bridging the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

66. The climate of most of Central Asia is dominated by a temperate steppe climate. The main ethnic group in the Middle East is the white race.

67. The country that produces the most gold in the world is South Africa. The Mississippi River is known as the "Golden Waterway" of the United States. 68. The country with the widest distribution of coniferous forests in the world is Russia. The most densely populated region in the United States is the Great Lakes region in the Northeast. The main factor contributing to the wide range of temperate continental climate in North America is the blockage of high mountains in the west.

69. Scandinavia is characterized by steep cliffs and deep, winding fjords on both sides of the peninsula, caused by glaciation. The cause of the Great Lakes is glaciation.

70.The world's currently unsettled continent is Antarctica. Japan is a country prone to geological disasters such as volcanoes and earthquakes. This is because Japan is at the junction of the Pacific Plate and the Asian-European Plate. Russia is a country that straddles two continents, Europe and Asia.

71. Europe is a continent with a predominantly plain topography. The continent known as the "Ice Plateau" is Antarctica. The continent with the highest average altitude in the world is Antarctica.

72. The topography of South Asia is divided into three major terrain areas, the north: the Himalayas are mainly mountainous; the center: the Indus Plain and the Ganges Plain are mainly plains; and the south: the Deccan Plateau is mainly highlands.

73. The population and cities of Southeast Asia are mainly located along the rivers and estuarine deltas. The climate of the Malay Archipelago is characterized by high temperatures and rainfall all year round. The largest desert in the world is the Sahara Desert. The largest tropical desert in the world is found in: northern Africa.

74. The average natural growth rate of the world's population from 1995 to 2000 was 1.3%, and that of Asia was 1.4%. The total population of the world in 2000 was 6,055 million, and that of Asia was 3,680 million. If the world adds 100 people in 2001, the number of people added to Asia is 66.

75. The type of climate that is most widely distributed in the sub-Saharan region is the savanna climate. The Nile is the world's longest river and its length is 6600km. when Beijing time (East 8) is 14:00, Moscow (East 3) should be: 9:00 .

76. Rotate Australia's three major topographic regions counterclockwise by 900 , which is most similar to the topography of the country of India. The largest industrial area in India is located in the North East.

77. The largest city in the United States is New York, the "Motor City" is Detroit, and the steel capital is Pittsburgh. The center of aircraft manufacturing is Seattle.

78. The importance of the geographical position of Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia is located in Asia and Oceania, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean between the "crossroads". Located in the Malay Peninsula Peninsula and Sumatra Island between the Strait of Malacca, from Europe, Africa, sailing east to East Asia, Southeast Asia, the ports of the necessary place, is the shortest sea passage connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

79. Known as the "Mother Volga" of the Russians, the Volga is 3,600 kilometers long and is the longest river in Europe. It is of high navigational value. Through the canal, the river is connected to the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea, known as the "Five Seas".

80. In order to further strengthen ties in the western part of Europe formed a regional international organization called the European Union (EU). It is headquartered in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. At present, the largest international organization in the world is the United Nations, headquartered in New York, USA.

81 . "The country that rides on the back of a sheep": Australia is the world's largest sheep and export wool. The canals and straits that pass from the Red Sea through the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea are: the Suez Canal and the Turkish Straits.

82. The United States is the world's largest agricultural country, the conditions for the development of agriculture are: arable land accounted for 10% of the world's arable land; more than half of the country's plains; a large number of rivers, lakes, and rich water resources in the plains; the east of the precipitation, light and heat conditions are good.

83. In the United States, known as the world's high-tech industry base is located in the southeast of San Francisco, "Silicon Valley. The only country in the world that occupies a continent by itself is Australia.

84. The indigenous people of North America are the Indians. The largest body of fresh water is the Antarctic glaciers. The continent with the highest natural population growth rate is: Africa. The share of nuclear power in France's electricity generation is upwards of 70%.

85. France's industry is very developed, important industrial resources such as coal, iron and other mineral resources are relatively rich. With automobile and aircraft manufacturing as the main industry in the world occupies a prominent position, clothing, food, medicine and other industrial sectors have a strong market competitiveness.

86. The United States of America's three major terrain for the east: Appalachian Mountains dominated by the mountains, the center: the Central Great Plains, the west: the Rocky Mountains and other mountainous terrain as the main body.

87. More than 80% of the foreign immigrants in North America are Europeans and descendants. The largest country in western Europe by area is France. Russia is rich in forests and has the largest area in the world: sub-boreal coniferous forests .

88. Indonesia is known as the "Volcano Country" in the world, because it is located at the junction of three major tectonic plates, with active crust and many volcanoes and earthquakes, namely, the Indian Ocean Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Asian-European Plate.

89. In terms of continents and regions, the origin of corn is North America. The dividing line between North and South America is: the Panama Canal . Egypt is a country that spans which two continents: Asia and Africa .

90. The symbols of Paris, France: the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe, and the Louvre. The world's largest tropical rainforest region: the Amazonian plains rainforest region.

91 Basketball teams in American cities Chicago Bulls, Houston Rockets, Seattle Supersonics, Detroit Pistons. The world's lowest-lying place on land is: the coast of the Dead Sea.

92. The world's largest continent is Asia. Each continent has different topographical features, the continent with the lowest average elevation is Europe . The main reasons for the wide range of temperate continental climate in North America are: latitude and topography.

93. The Antarctic region is a treasure trove of scientific research, China's first scientific research station established there is: the Great Wall Station. It is also regarded as a holy city by Islam, Christianity and Judaism: Jerusalem.

94. It is customary to refer to the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia as the "Nanyang Islands". The most economically developed continent is Europe. Latin America refers to the Americas south of the United States.

95. Scandinavia has many steep cliffs on both sides of the deep and winding fjords, the formation of the reason is: glacial action. The largest archipelago country in the world is : Indonesia .

96. Usually referred to as the Baltic Sea coast three countries: Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.

97. The most densely populated region of the United States is the Northeast. The indigenous people of the Arctic region are mainly Inuit (Eskimos).