After reading the classic 3000-word model essay of Chinese studies

"Sinology", Gu Ming thinks righteousness, studies China and China. The following is a related article of about 3000 words after I read the classics of Chinese studies, which I carefully arranged. I hope it helps you! ! !

Reflections on the classics of Chinese studies: 3000 words

"Sinology", Gu Ming thinks righteousness, studies China and China. Fortunately, after learning the classics of Chinese studies, it is very interesting and broadens our horizons. I read the fine works of Chinese culture, appreciate the essence of human culture, review the essence of culture and firmly believe in the rejuvenation of China. Although there are some excerpts of classic passages from classic works, there is a desire to read the original after reading them.

The Analects of Confucius is "its body is correct, its order is out;" His body is not right, although he does not obey. " "Mencius" "I am old, people are old; Young people, young people, young people; The world can be transported in the palm of your hand. " "Xunzi" in "Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is embarrassing. " Wait, they are all familiar classic sentences. Some famous books were explained by the teacher when I was a student. Because I didn't know my memory carefully, I almost forgot a lot of knowledge. However, after studying the classics of Chinese studies, I revisited these famous books and articles and got a deeper understanding of the relevant contents.

Through consulting the materials, I know that Sinology refers to China's traditional culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. Among them, the pre-Qin philosophers are the representatives, and their thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on the traditional culture of China. They formed the thoughts of military strategists, legalists, Mohists, Confucianists and Taoists. These thoughts discuss how to govern the country from different aspects. It had a far-reaching influence on the rulers of past dynasties, and gradually formed China's traditional cultural concept. Sinology is the traditional culture and knowledge of China, including medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics and so on. Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, edition and so on. , with Confucian philosophy as the mainstream; In terms of ideological system, it should be divided into three schools: pre-Qin philosophers, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. As far as Sikuquanshu is concerned, Chinese studies should be divided into four parts, namely classics, history, scholars and books collection. As far as the lectures on Chinese studies by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, are concerned, they should be divided into primary schools, classics, history, philosophers and literature.

So I found these four books and read them carefully. I learned that in the first year in the south, the famous philosopher Zhu took out two books, The Book of Rites, The University and The Doctrine of the Mean, and combined them with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius into four books. The Four Books not only preserved the thoughts and wisdom of Confucian sages, but also reflected the track of early Confucianism, including the core content of Confucianism, which is the concentrated embodiment of Confucian epistemology and methodology and has a far-reaching influence in the history of China thought. Its main purpose is to teach people how to be a man and tell us the dignity of being a man, the strength of personality, the value and significance of life. It is a classic of Chinese studies that best embodies the spiritual temperament, moral feelings and values of the Chinese nation. It can be said that reading the four books is undoubtedly of great benefit to us in reviewing history, summing up the past and opening up the future.

Among them, Daxue is an important Confucian classic, and it is also one of the imperial examination books in the middle and late feudal society in China. The book puts forward: "The way of university is to be well-known, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection", and explains eight ways of self-cultivation, such as "respecting things, knowing knowledge, honesty, correcting the heart, managing the country, and calming the world".

The Doctrine of the Mean is an important treatise of China's ancient education theory, which has a great influence on ancient education. This paper mainly expounds the "golden mean", educating people to carry out self-cultivation, self-supervision, self-education and self-improvement, and cultivating themselves into a gentleman with ideal personality, so as to achieve the ultimate goodness, benevolence, sincerity, virtue, holiness and innermost feelings, and create the realm of "harmony but difference".

Confucius is one of the Confucian classics compiled by Confucius' disciples and their descendants. It truly describes the words and deeds of Confucius and his famous disciples, and embodies the core content of Confucius' benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. The content involves how to be a man, how to shape a gentleman's personality, how to study, how to educate, how to manage affairs, and how to run the country and make it safe.

Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students. It developed Confucius' thought of "benevolence", put forward the thought of benevolent government and the people-oriented thought of "people are more important than kings", brought into play the world outlook of harmony between man and nature and the ethical view of good nature, recorded Mencius' deeds of lobbying vassals and promoting benevolent government, and had a very far-reaching impact on later generations.

There is a passage in The Analects of Confucius, Yang Huo XVII, in the Four Books. The original text is: Confucius said: "You are also! Women smell six words and six covers? " Yes: "Not yet." "Go home! My language girl. Kindness is not easy to learn, and its cover is also stupid; Straight board is difficult to learn, and the cover is vacillating; Honesty is not easy to learn, and its cover is also a thief; Straight board is difficult to learn, and the cover is distorted; If you are brave and study hard, your cover will be messy; It is difficult to learn, but it is also crazy.

Confucius said, "Zhong You! Have you ever heard of liu de's six evils? " Lutz replied, "No." Confucius said, "Come and sit down! Let me tell you something. I like benevolence, but I don't like learning. The disadvantage is that I am easily fooled. I like being smart, but I don't like studying. The disadvantage is that I am easy to be bohemian. I like honesty, but I don't like studying. The disadvantage is that I am confined to small print, and thieves harm themselves. I like frankness, but I don't like learning. The disadvantage is that my words are sharp and prickly. Preference for courage to learn, the disadvantage is to make trouble; I prefer being strong to studying. The disadvantage is arrogance. "

The six evils of liu de mentioned here are called "six words and six covers" in ancient idioms. Benevolence, wisdom, faithfulness, straightforwardness, courage and honesty are all good qualities that we should like and cultivate. However, if you don't learn to understand things and grasp their essence, you will easily be paranoid and cause harm, thus changing from "six characters" (six virtues) to "six colors". There are many such cases in history and reality. Take the Spring and Autumn Period as an example. Song and Chu were at war in Hong, and when the Chu army was crossing the river, Song Jun suggested that it charge to destroy the Chu army. However, in order to show "benevolence", Song Xianggong said "no drums and no columns" and didn't go to war until all the Chu troops crossed the river and lined up. As a result, Song Jun was defeated, and Song Xianggong himself died of a broken leg. This is a typical "benevolence is difficult to learn, and its cover is stupid." In addition, such as the famous fable "Mr. Dong Guo and the Wolf", it actually means that "a good person is not easy to learn, and his cover is stupid; Honesty is not easy to learn, but its cover is also a thief. Mr. Dong Guo was kind to wolves and kept his word, but he ended up hurting himself. These lessons are very profound. By extension, the "six words and six veils" actually means opposing the integration of science and education, bookishness and theory with reality, while advocating the integration of theory with practice, concrete analysis of specific problems, flexibility and grasping the essence. This requires our special attention.

There is also a passage in "University", saying that those who want virtue in ancient times should rule their country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; If you want to be sincere, let him know first. Know what is in the matter, the governor will know it later, know it later, be honest later, be honest later, be correct later, be repaired later, be at home later, be at home later, govern the country later, and level the world later. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. If the end of the treatment is messed up, it won't work. Its so-called thick is thin, and its thin is thick and omnipresent. This is the foundation, this is the ultimate.

In ancient times, in order to promote Zhang Cai from an individual to the whole world, we must first manage the country well; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family; To improve one's family, one must first improve one's moral cultivation; To improve one's moral cultivation, one must first correct one's mind; To correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; To make the mind sincere, we must first arouse our own conscience; To arouse one's conscience, we must first get rid of the blind of material desires, and then we can politic our family, rectify our family, govern our country well, and make our country peaceful in the world. From the emperor to the common people, self-cultivation is essential. It is unprecedented that a person's own moral cultivation is corrupt, but he is asked to rectify his family, govern the country and make the world peaceful. This is called knowing the root and the bottom, and this is called the arrival of conscience.

This passage puts forward the importance of self-cultivation, and there is also a passage in "University" to clarify this point. "The so-called people who are in the same family are all self-cultivated: those who are close and arrogant, those who are mean and evil, and those who are afraid and arrogant. Therefore, it is difficult to know that good is evil, and knowing evil is beautiful! So, there is a saying: People don't know the evil of children, and people don't know the greatness of seedlings. ? This means that you can't be at home without repairing your body. "

The so-called rectification of family members lies in self-cultivation, because people tend to favor those they love, those they don't like, those they are afraid of, those they sympathize with and those they despise. Therefore, it is very rare to like a person, know his shortcomings, hate a person and know his advantages. So there is a saying: "People don't know the shortcomings of their children, so they don't know how strong their young plants are." In other words, if you don't cultivate your moral character, you can't manage your family well.

Although this paper expounds the meaning of self-cultivation, it further puts forward the problem that people must overcome selfish feelings. In a big family, it is difficult to be fair to all family members, and to make a bowl of water even, so that young and old, relatives and sister-in-law Qi Xin can work together and live in harmony. Therefore, if you want to improve your family, you must improve your moral cultivation, be impartial, have no likes and dislikes, and treat others fairly and fairly. This shows how important it is for a person to "overcome emotional bias". As a teacher, this quality is particularly important. Every teacher should treat every student fairly, and can't like or hate him because of his rich family, high or low status and good or bad children's looks, so that he can be worthy of the title of "soul engineer".

From reading and studying four books, I know the dignity of being a man, the strength of personality, the value and significance of life. Thanks to the classics of Chinese studies, my life is no longer boring and I am spiritually baptized. What a bowl of chicken soup for the soul.

Reflections on the classics of Chinese studies 3000 words 2

When it comes to the definition of Chinese studies, Mr. Ji said that "country" is China, and "Chinese studies" is China's knowledge. Hearing China, I wonder how many people still have a sense of pride and mission. Anyway, I feel heavy pressure and awe-inspiring pride. Hehe, it may be a contradiction. We are shouldering the mission of carrying forward the 5,000-year culture of the Chinese nation. "Chinese studies are the inherent knowledge of a country." "Is by no means a Chinese study? Thinking about ancient love? On the surface, it is to study the past culture, so there were scholars in the past? National heritage? Such a sentence. However, in fact, it is closely related to the past and present and even the future. "

I remember reading a radical article in the philosophy group of Douban, saying that science is useless. Although the author and I have the same idea about promoting China culture, it seems to me too extreme to say that we should go back to the past and technology is useless. In my opinion, development is inevitable. To quote Mr. Ji, it means "it depends on the people's will and the general trend." The development of culture is like this, I'm afraid everything is like this. I like teacher Ji's words that science is hardware and culture is software. Is it a combination of spiritual civilization and material civilization? I think only in this way can our country be truly powerful. In other words, we should not only become giants in thought, but also become giants in action, both of which are indispensable.

Mr. Ji said: "Only oriental culture can save mankind." In my opinion, in fact, most of us don't know about oriental culture and have long forgotten where Confucius, Laozi and Zhuangzi and Yijing Buddhism are. In fact, China's culture is really profound and can stand scrutiny. People who really understand China culture and oriental culture will not have much objection to this sentence.

"Professor Tsinghua University Chen Yinque once said,' White Tiger Pass'? Three cardinal guides and six disciplines? This is the essence of China culture. " Another manifestation of our culture is our characteristics, which are "style, dedication, honesty, sincerity, self-cultivation, neatness, governance and equality". It means eight steps, that is, learning things, knowing and doing, integrity, sincerity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. I also like this passage very much, which deserves careful consideration. "Courtesy, honesty and shame, what the country thinks." "Loyalty and filial piety, courtesy and shame."

Mr. Ji said that China's traditional morality is the essence of China's traditional culture, and its particularity in the world's human civilization heritage is very obvious. Every country and nation in the world has its own moral code, but in the eyes of the whole world, China is the only country with such a comprehensive content, such a long history and such a wide range of coverage.

Mr. Ji said that he divided culture into two categories: culture in a narrow sense and culture in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, it refers to philosophy, religion, literature, art, politics, economy, ethics, morality and so on. In a broad sense, it refers to everything created by spiritual civilization and material civilization. Zhou Yiliang once divided culture into three levels: narrow sense, broad sense and deep sense. He believes that Japan's profound culture is characterized by "bitterness" and "laziness". The concrete realization is simple, simple, slender, subtle, quaint, hidden but not done, not carved and not painted, and so on. Mr. Chen Yinque in Mr. Wang Guantang? The preface writes, "My definition of Chinese culture is based on the theory of three cardinal guides and six disciplines in White Tiger Tong, and its significance is the highest realm of abstract understanding, which is better than the so-called concept of Greek Plato. "Mr. Ji divides China culture into two parts, one is knowledge, understanding, appreciation, etc., which belongs to the category of knowledge; Part of it is discipline, ethics, social morality, etc., which belongs to the category of behavior. These two parts together constitute the culture of China.

Here, Mr. Ji talked about Buddhism. The most fundamental teachings of Buddhism, such as impermanence, selflessness, suffering and twelve karma, all belong to knowledge. Between knowing and doing, the eight meanings and four noble truths include both knowing and doing. Practicing Buddha worship, nirvana, jumping out of samsara and other activities closely related to knowledge are completely unethical. After it was introduced into China, his thought of "no father and no king" was completely opposed to China's "Three Cardinal Principles and Six Disciplines". Due to the violent impact of China culture, Buddhism can't stand in China if it can't adapt to the reality, so Buddhism can only make some disguises to survive.

Mr. Liang Shuming said: China people value human feelings and solve how to get along.

Mr. Feng Youlan said:-Our culture values Heaven and stresses "Heaven Learning"; Buddhism mostly talks about things after death, such as hell and reincarnation. This is "ghost learning", which is about ghosts; China culture is about "human studies", focusing on people.

Mr. Pang Pu said: The Greeks pay attention to the relationship between people and things, the Middle East pays attention to the relationship between people and God, and China pays attention to the relationship between people. Our culture is characterized by paying more attention to social problems and attaching great importance to real life.

"Never talk about strangeness, strength, chaos and divinity."

"If you don't know life, you won't know death."

To evaluate China's culture and discuss how to learn from western culture, as I said above, we must be far-sighted and pay attention to the historical development of all mankind, especially the history of human cultural exchanges. Only in this way can we be fair and objective. I advocate the diversity of human culture.

Since human history, four cultural circles have been formed: ancient Greece, Rome, modern Europe and America, Semitic culture from ancient Hebrews to Islamic countries, Indian culture and China culture.

Cultural exchange has promoted the development of human culture and social progress.

British historian Toynbee pointed out that the river of civilization is not just the West. At the end of the book Historical Research, he wrote: When the author conducted his extensive research and found that most of the civilizations he collected were obviously dead, he had to come to the conclusion that death is indeed a possibility faced by every civilization, and the author's own civilization is no exception. Mr. Ji said that in the eyes of westerners, China culture has not only one view, but also one evaluation. Leaving aside the prosperous period of Tang Han, it is instructive to talk about the situation after16th century and17th century. This period is the late Ming and early Qing dynasties in China, which is roughly equivalent to the so-called "Enlightenment period" in Europe. During this period, on the one hand, China began to learn from the West; On the other hand, China's culture has also spread to the West. The spread of China's classics to the West not only influenced European philosophy, but also influenced European politics.

"(China legend) is not as strange as people suspect. China people are almost the same as us in thoughts, behaviors and feelings, which quickly moved us. They are our own kind, but everything there is clearer, purer and more moral than here. In their place, everything is understandable and approachable, without strong passion and surging poetry? They also have a feature, that is, man and nature coexist. You often hear goldfish jumping in the pond and birds singing on the branches. It is always sunny during the day and sunny at night. The moon is often talked about, but it hasn't changed the natural scenery. It is as bright as the sun. ? There are many allusions about morality and etiquette. It is this strict restraint in all aspects that has kept China for thousands of years and will continue forever. "

-Goethe and Goethe's Dialogue

This is what Goethe said in his later years. He died in 1832. I think politics and culture really have a lot to do. Shortly after his death, the tone of Europe towards China gradually changed. The Opium War exposed everything about China, a paper tiger. How do the West view China's politics, economy and culture?

3,000 words of Chinese classics reading related articles;

1. 2000 Chinese classics.

2. Read The Analects of Confucius, with 3 articles and 3,000 words.

3. After reading The Analects of Confucius, I feel about 3000 words.

4.3 articles 1000 words.

5. Reading experience of Chinese classics: 3 articles with 800 words.