What traditional musical instruments do Malays have?

In addition, he also introduced the nigri Tuo people in the Philippines, the Semang people and the Sinuoyi people in the inland tribes of the Malay Peninsula, the Vader people in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), the Bushmen people in South Africa and the residents of andaman islands. These peoples may have been isolated from civilization for thousands of years. It can only be said that some people are relatively primitive. Primitive people's judgments are provided by their external cultures, such as clothes, shelter, food, homemade tools and weapons. Therefore, Feng Te thinks that the standard of primitive culture is basically psychological. Primitive people are relatively primitive, because although they have sprouted some cultures, they are almost all endowed by nature. It is these most primitive acquisitions that distinguish primitive people from animals. (II) Marriage and Family Feng Te agrees with the book Motherhood written by the Swiss jurist J.J.Bachofen, that is, on the whole, primitive marriage has three stages of development: unmarried or promiscuous, followed by female-dominated or matriarchal marriage, and finally male-dominated or paternal marriage. In fact, today, about three-fifths of tribes are traced through the maternal line, while only two-fifths are traced through the paternal line. There are two forms of polygamy in primitive people, one is polygamy and the other is polyandry. Polygamy still exists today, while polyandry only exists among primitive peoples, such as the aborigines in southern Australia and southern Hindustan, the Eskimos in Bering Strait, the Chukchi and the Gillyaks in Siberia. Polygamy is always accompanied by two factors of men-property and power. In the barbarians where polygamy prevails, the wife becomes the property of the husband and can be abandoned or exchanged. Polygamy appears in areas where women are scarce. The scarcity of women is mostly caused by an evil custom-baby drowning, and the main victim is baby girl. The natural consequence is a sharp decline in the number of women. Why kill children? Primitive people struggled to make a living and were unable to raise their children. The best way is to save limited lives. In Polynesia, children are not allowed to be killed until they have landed for more than an hour. Sometimes, believing in evil motives also plays a role. Boys may live longer than girls because men are more useful in horse racing, hunting and war. The Semang people and the Seno people in the interior of the Malay Peninsula, the Vedas in Ceylon, the little black people in the Philippines, the black people in Central Africa and the Bushmen people, although living far apart, are mostly the same in appearance and culture. They are at the bottom of human culture, but monogamy is their only way of marriage. (3) Social Structure As long as the social structure of primitive people is not influenced by higher culture, it can be said that they still live a life similar to nomadic tribes, that is, they are still a tribal society without structure rather than structure. This special group, as a fairly large social group, has only very weak signs of tribal structure, which is definitely a unique phenomenon in primitive times. A group is a group of people. The relationship in this group is established and maintained through the universality of language. Without interpersonal communication, language cannot be produced, and conversely, language certainly strengthens social communication. What distinguishes people from conformity is the language of primitive people and psychological activities closely related to language thinking. (4) Language and thinking psychologists attach great importance to the language problems of primitive people. Language and thinking are inseparable. Therefore, the basic differences in language do imply the differences in thinking direction and form. The survey found that the original language of most primitive tribes seems to have disappeared. Vedas speak Sinhala and Tamil; The Hmong, Sinos and Negroes in the Philippines speak Mayan. The Pygmies in Central Africa speak Mumbata, and the Bushmen speak Hotundu. How can these people lose their mother tongue? What happened here is also the result of the application of the principle of survival competition to psychological phenomena. It may be that the race of the strong has pushed the most important psychological creation of the weak-his language out of the historical stage. The language of a weaker race may be poor and will "yield" to a language with a higher level of development. As for the widespread popularity of Malay, it seems to be related to many migrations. However, the original language will unconsciously have a reaction to the high-level language. In the competition between the dominant minority and the uncivilized majority, the former determines the main vocabulary and even grammatical forms, while the latter has a decisive influence on pronunciation. Hottentots (also known as khoikhoi, Koikoi) absorbed a lot of blunt language from Bushmen, but it also had some primitive thoughts. Sign language is a primitive language form, which can be found in ethnic groups with low culture, especially those with great differences in dialects, so we should communicate with gestures. North American Indians, Australians and even some ethnic groups in southern Europe regard sign language as an important means of secret communication. In the actions of people who use sign language, facial expressions not only have emotional reactions, but also reveal thoughts. Among primitive people, especially among Indians and Australian aborigines, graphic sign language is popular, that is, drawing graphics in the air to express a nonexistent object. The most important feature of sign language is that there is no trace of abstract concepts, only the appearance of perception. However, primitive thinking, even from the beginning, stubbornly approached abstract concepts. Indians' concept of "truth" is expressed by moving the index finger directly from the lips to the front, which is considered to mean being outspoken. There are two concepts in primitive thinking: one is concept base, which is provided to consciousness by direct perception of daily life; The second concept originated from emotion and projected outward into the environment. It contains all related concepts that can't be directly perceived, and it is a real super perception. (5) Early witchcraft and belief in the devil were all composed of a belief in witchcraft and the devil as long as the myth of primitive people could stand and have an impact. There are two driving forces that lead to this belief. These two driving forces are death and disease. Primitive people thought that life was something that persisted in the body in a mysterious way to some extent. For this reason, the dead man becomes a devil to him, an invisible thing that can kill him or make him sick. In addition to the concept of the devil, there are also the concepts of body and soul, which means to believe that the body is the carrier of life. Samoans in Malacca believe that the soul is like a bird. When people die, they fly into space. Primitive people believed that the devil could dress himself up in any form in the body, and deceptive witch doctors could use this disguise to drive away the disease as a piece of wood or a stone. When Vedas enter into marriage, men will tie a belt around their fiancee's waist. This is just a kind of "Bond Witchcraft" to ensure his wife's loyalty. When you are sick, you usually tie a belt to the diseased part of your body, and the other end will spread to the tree. I believe that the disease will magically spread to the tree. (6) The budding concept of witchcraft art is projected into art in a certain sense. There is only one kind of art that primitive people developed to a perfect height-dance art. At first, dance was a means to achieve the purpose of witchcraft, but it can also cause pleasure and make it perform in the form of entertainment. Primitive people dance without music accompaniment, and the real music accompaniment of dance is human singing. Primitive people knew almost nothing about musical instruments. More complex musical instruments are almost all imported from outside, such as the nose flute of inland tribes in Malay Peninsula and the stringed instruments of Bushmen people. Another musical instrument is called Niu Hou, which is actually a musical instrument mixed with music and noise. There are also concepts of plastic arts and witchcraft and devil. The hunted animals are carved on bows or blowpipes. Women's combs in Malacca are covered with beautiful lines and are considered as tools to resist diseases. Bushmen's paintings are obviously neither witchcraft nor decoration in nature. Bushmen's primitive cave paintings are works of commemorative art, and the person who painted these paintings first expected to reproduce what he had experienced in his memory. He undoubtedly hoped to preserve this scene for his relatives to remember. (VII) Intellectual characteristics and moral characteristics The intelligence and morality of primitive people did not develop in parallel. To understand the relationship between general psychological development and these psychological aspects, the early state of human culture is particularly important. The intelligence of primitive people once stayed at a very low level. This is essentially not because of their low psychological ability, but because of the limited needs of primitive people. Scholars agree that the most prominent feature of primitive people is easy to satisfy. Another reason is the consolidation of environmental conditions caused by long-term isolation. The longer a set of customs prevails in a country, the more difficult it is to change. The characteristic of primitive culture is that there has been no progress since Archean, but this does not mean that the intelligence of primitive people is lower than that of modern people. Primitive people's means of searching, hunting and catching prey are enough to show that their intelligence level is not low. The invention of the bow and arrow, from an intellectual point of view, is not much lower than the intelligence of the inventor of modern firearms. In modern schools in Malacca, China, Chinese and Malays study in the same school. In terms of students' ability, China people are the first, Shennuo people are the second, and Malays are the third. The Sano people who are considered as primitive people are much more capable than the Malays who are considered as geniuses. But primitive people's intelligence is limited to a very narrow range of activities, and their intelligence is not low within this range. Primitive people are frank and honest, don't lie and don't steal. Some people say that primitive people are the baby nation in the world, which means they have the innocence of childhood. This moral attitude of primitive people should be attributed to their limited needs. Primitive people showed different moral behaviors when contending with neighboring nationalities, which were often manifested as fear, followed by deception and malice. This shows that external living conditions have a great influence on the development of morality.