History and Society in the Prosperous Age of Han and Tang Dynasties Who prepared lessons in 8th grade?

Lesson 2 Prosperity of Han and Tang Dynasties

First, the concept of instructional design

(A) Textbook Structure Analysis

Based on students' understanding of Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties, this part further describes a historical period from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. The textbook is based on the theme of "The Prosperous Age of Han and Tang Dynasties" and shows the grand historical features of the prosperous age of Han and Tang Dynasties through six parts.

According to New Unity, the Western Han Dynasty strengthened its control over the whole country by weakening the power of vassal states, strengthening the procuratorial system, promoting Confucian education, and making love with Xiongnu. The activities related to reunification, such as sending missions to the western regions, setting up institutions and building roads, not only strengthened the relationship between the Western Han Dynasty and the surrounding ethnic minorities, but also greatly expanded the territory of the Western Han Dynasty, resulting in the situation of reunification at that time.

"Separation of political power, national integration" describes the period from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, where the three countries were separated by separatist regimes, frequent wars and political power, and finally formed a tripartite confrontation. At the same time, it is emphasized that the economic center of China ancient society began to move southward during this period through the historical facts that ethnic minorities moved inward and northerners moved southward. The reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty reflected the integration of Han nationality and ethnic minorities.

The Imperial New Deal selected the contents of "the rule of Zhenguan", the system of three provinces and six departments, and the imperial examination, which showed the efforts made by the rulers in the early Tang Dynasty in innovating politics. For the "rule of Zhenguan", the textbook analyzes the reasons for the "rule of Zhenguan" through different cases. The contents of the three provinces and six departments system and the imperial examination are also illustrated, and the complicated contents are simplified as much as possible to make them easy for students to accept.

Meteorology of the Prosperous Tang Dynasty mainly interprets the social outlook of the prosperous Tang Dynasty from the perspective of economic and social life. The development of agricultural production is mainly manifested in the increase of grain output and the wide use of new farm tools. The achievement of handicraft industry is the development of silk weaving and porcelain making technology, while business focuses on the number of businessmen and the business activities of ethnic minorities and foreign businessmen in China, emphasizing the economic prosperity in this period. Influenced by the economic development, the social life at this time also shows the characteristics of the blending of Hu and Han, and the rich and open life of women.

"Prosperous Culture" shows the great artistic achievements of the prosperous period of Han and Tang Dynasties from the aspects of history, poetry, religion, painting and sculpture. Representative examples are selected in each field, which reflects the splendor and richness of the flourishing age culture, and enables students to further deepen their understanding of the "flourishing age" from a cultural perspective.

The Silk Road and the Grand Canal selects two most representative historical facts from the Han and Tang Dynasties, highlighting the frequent economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West and the further strengthening of the north-south exchanges in China during this period. The Silk Road emphasized the frequent economic and cultural exchanges and mutual influence between China and western countries after Zhang Qian passed through the Western Regions. The Grand Canal highlights its role in the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the north and the south of China. In addition, the text depicts the contemporary New Silk Road and the Grand Canal from a historical perspective, emphasizing that they still play an important role under the new historical conditions, so that history and reality can be well integrated.

To sum up, this lesson focuses on the history of the Western Han Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, and summarizes the political division in the Three Kingdoms period, the migration of people in the north, the economic development in the south and the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the northern Wei Dynasty, forming a relatively complete historical development clue, reflecting the endless development of Chinese civilization and highlighting the theme that Han and Tang Dynasties were the two most prosperous dynasties in the ancient history of China. Through six parts, students can learn that the history of Han and Tang dynasties is an important part of the endless Chinese civilization. I know that the prosperous times of Han and Tang dynasties have an important international influence on world civilization, and I understand the inseparable relationship between history and reality.

(B) Teaching objectives

1. By studying specific historical facts, we can understand the reasons for the formation of the unified situation in the Han Dynasty.

2. It can be understood from a series of cases of ethnic minorities migrating to the mainland since the Eastern Han Dynasty that the development and high prosperity of Chinese civilization are realized through the continuous exchanges and integration of all ethnic groups.

3. Taking the rule of Emperor Taizong as an example, this paper analyzes the basis of the prosperous period of the early Tang Dynasty from the aspects of military-civilian relations, state power and imperial examination system.

Through the development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce and the colorful social life in Tang Dynasty, I felt the prosperity in many aspects.

5. Learn and appreciate the brilliant achievements in history, poetry, religion, calligraphy, painting, sculpture, etc. in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and feel the elegance of the prosperous times in the Han and Tang Dynasties.

6. By studying the opening of the Silk Road and the excavation of the Grand Canal, we can understand the great role of the Silk Road in economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West and the great role of the Grand Canal in promoting economic exchanges between the North and the South. On this basis, we will further understand the influence of historical things on the real society and clarify the relationship between history and society.

7. Try to use a variety of resources to understand and analyze the background of the prosperous times of Han and Tang dynasties, and look at historical phenomena with a historical and dialectical perspective.

(C) Teaching focus and difficulties

Key points: the reasons for the formation of the great unification of the Han Dynasty; The relationship between the development of Chinese civilization and national integration; The rule of Guan Zhen; Cultural achievements in Han and Tang Dynasties; The Silk Road and the Grand Canal and their respective functions.

Difficulties: the relationship between the development of Chinese civilization and the highly prosperous national integration; Through the achievements of Han and Tang dynasties, we can understand that the splendid Chinese civilization is endless.

(4) Teaching hours

6 class hours.

teaching method

Multimedia-assisted instruction

(6) Teaching methods

While giving full play to students' autonomous learning, we should cultivate students' ability to collect, deal with and solve problems after class, and give appropriate explanations to the problems that are difficult to understand in the teaching materials.

(7) Teaching preparation

Teacher preparation: multimedia courseware, related video pictures and music materials. Before class, students are divided into groups to discuss topics.

Students' preparation: preview the teaching materials, find relevant materials, discuss the assigned topics in groups in advance, and prepare to express their opinions in class.

Second, the overall framework of the teaching process

(the first category, new unification)

Show pictures, introduce new lessons-read textbooks, think about problems-explore in groups, break through difficulties-play videos, cause problems, inspire teachers, deepen understanding-classroom activities, show achievements, solve problems-compare and summarize, and assign homework.

(the second category, decentralization and national integration)

Idioms solitaire, introduce a new lesson-play videos to stimulate interest-teachers explain, analyze background-look at pictures and talk, interest in teaching-watch videos, analyze problems-give full play to strengthening and consolidating-analyze data.

(the third category, the imperial New Deal)

Watch videos, introduce new lessons-show relevant materials, complete relevant contents in groups-teachers explain, apply what they have learned, analyze specific cases-read textbooks, answer questions-classroom activities, participate in all the staff, show results-take history as a mirror to cultivate students' analytical ability.

(The fourth, fifth and sixth class hours, meteorology in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, prosperous culture and the Grand Canal)

Picture appreciation, introducing a new lesson-based on data, evaluating characters-poetry appreciation, analyzing problems-group cooperation, autonomous learning-teacher supplement, appropriate explanation-playing video, understanding characters-poetry competition, happy teaching.

Third, blackboard design.

New unification

Western Han dynasty: enfeoffment of princes, "seven countries to control chaos"

Promulgating "Enzhi" weakened the vassal power.

Strengthen the supervision system and supervise officials.

"oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone" and strengthen ideological unity

Attack the Huns in the north, "pro-strategy"

Zhang Qian is connected with the western regions, which protect the government.

Separation of political power and national integration

The three countries are divided; Battle of Red Cliffs, Wei, Shu and Wu are three pillars.

Ethnic minorities move inward: promote the economic development in the south of the Yangtze River, and lay the foundation for China's ancient social and economic center to move southward.

Emperor Xiaowen's Reform in Northern Wei Dynasty: Accelerating the Integration of Northern Nationalities

Imperial new deal

Tang Dynasty was founded: 6 18.

The rule of Zhenguan: the relationship between monarch and minister

Military-civilian relations

Three provinces and six departments: Shangshu Province, Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province.

Officials, families, rituals, soldiers, punishment and workers

Imperial examination system: started in Sui Dynasty and perfected in Tang Dynasty.

Meteorology and culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty

Economic development: agriculture: Qu Yuan plows and trolleys.

Handicraft industry: silk weaving and porcelain making, (Tang Sancai)

business prosperity

Social life: communication between China and the West, blending of Hu and Han.

"An Shi Rebellion", the decline of the Tang Dynasty

Culture of Han and Tang Dynasties: Historical Records by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty: "Historians never sing, Li Sao has no rhyme"

Poetry: Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi

Religion: Xuanzang, Jian Zhen.

Calligraphy: Eastern Jin Dynasty: Wang Xizhi, Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing.

Painting: Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yan in the Tang Dynasty.

Sculpture: Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang

The Silk Road and the Grand Canal

Silk Road: Zhang Qian connects the western regions.

West of Chang 'an, Central Asia, West Asia, Daqin

Communication between China and the West: Economy and Culture

Function: Communication between Europe and Asia, which played an important role in the history of ancient economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hangou and Jiangnan River.

Water system: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.

It flows through provincial administrative units: Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Function: It has promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between North and South.

Fourth, the teaching process

New unification

[Explain idioms and introduce new lessons]

Play "Song of the Wind" to think about the problem: What is the most important problem that Liu Bang considers after winning the world?

On the basis of students' answers to questions, further questions are put forward: "People generally look for solutions to problems according to their existing experience. So what experience has history provided to Emperor Gaozu to consolidate Liu's world? "

In this way, new courses can be introduced.

Students spend 5-8 minutes reading textbooks.

Students are divided into four groups, and each group finds out the measures to strengthen the rule in the early Han Dynasty, and teachers and students analyze and discuss them together.

The adverse effects of vassal enfeoffment: expanding the power of vassals, disobeying the central authorities, threatening the authority and rule of emperors, and so on.

Show unified list:

Analyze and discuss the following issues:

1, talk about your views on the "Grace Act"

2. Why did Emperor Wu adopt Dong Zhongshu's suggestion?

The need for political unity

3. Is it beneficial or unfavorable for historical development to "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone"?

After watching the video, the students answered. The teacher added.

This thought provided an ideological weapon for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to implement political unification, and played a positive role in solving the problems caused by the enfeoffment of governors in the Han Dynasty. From the perspective of ideological development, on the one hand, he affirmed the dominant position of Confucianism as China's traditional culture; On the other hand, this practice of only developing family studies and restricting other theories is not conducive to the academic prosperity of a hundred schools of thought contending since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Show pictures and analyze problems.

Combining the pictures with the story of Zhao Jun's leaving the fortress, we can understand the reasons, background and results of the policy of "pro-marriage" in Han Dynasty.

And analyze the reasons for the change.

Look at the pictures and ask a question: "China has always attracted tourists from all over the world with its beautiful scenery, unique culture and numerous historical sites. Who knows what the China tourist signs stipulated by China Tourism Administration look like? " (The symbol is a cultural relic of the Han Dynasty-bronze galloping horse in the Han Dynasty)

Purpose of the activity: Through the interactive learning between students and teachers, let students know that people in the Central Plains of Han Dynasty had been very familiar with the products of nomadic areas, which reflected the economic exchange between the farming areas in the Central Plains and the nomadic areas in the north.

Play the video "Communication between Zhang Qian and the Western Regions"

Thinking: 1. Why did Zhang Qian communicate with the Western Regions?

Join forces with the big moon family to attack the Huns.

2. What difficulties may Zhang Qian encounter in his voyage to the Western Ocean?

Students can speak freely and understand the hardships of the journey.

3. Read the textbooks to understand the western regions, the general route, the main items exchanged between East and West on the Silk Road and the role of the Silk Road.

Compare the ruling measures of Qin and Han dynasties and deepen the understanding of the content of this lesson.

Class summary: ask questions.

Homework after class: comprehensive exploration.

Separation of political power and national integration

[idioms solitaire, introducing new lessons]

Find out some idioms related to this lesson, say the second half, students are interested, and introduce new lessons.

Do one's best-Zhou Yu hits Huang Gai-

Si Mazhao's heart-three heads are better than one Zhuge Liang.

Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou to marry a Soochow wife.

After the introduction of the new class, play the opening song of the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms and get familiar with the important people inside.

Analyze the reasons for the tripartite confrontation between the three countries?

Classroom activities: perform "Dragon Bell Pair" to deepen the understanding of the situation.

Question: Is the tripartite confrontation between the three countries a historical progress or a historical retrogression?

After the students answered, the teacher summarized.

From the perspective of unity and division, the tripartite confrontation between the three countries is a retrogression. This is because ethnic unity is conducive to social stability, economic development and cultural prosperity, while ethnic division will aggravate local contradictions and bring adverse effects on social economy and people's lives; From the perspective of large-scale division and local unity, the tripartite confrontation between the three countries is a historical progress. This is because at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the separatist regime of a dozen powerful forces was that the Eastern Han Dynasty was actually a divided country, and the Three Kingdoms Wei was actually established on the basis of eliminating the separatist forces in the north and realizing the reunification of the northern region, as were Wu and Shu. Such local unification is conducive to economic recovery and development, which is a historic progress.

Observe the pictures, understand the large-scale migration of northerners to the south during the Three Kingdoms period, and summarize the impact of the migration.

It is China's economic center of gravity that gradually shifts southward.

After Emperor Xiaowen's reform in the Northern Wei Dynasty, students observed two pictures in the textbook, and through comparison, they came to the conclusion that it promoted national integration.

Thinking development:

The past September was the month of promoting and cultivating national spirit in primary and secondary schools. Please talk about how to combine the traditional virtues of equality, unity and harmony of all ethnic groups in China to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit.

Only in this way can the past serve the present and carry out ideological and moral education for students.

Class summary: sit at the same table and take exams with each other.

Homework; Comprehensive investigation

Imperial new deal

[Play the video to introduce the new lesson]

The video clip of "Peasant Uprising in the Late Sui Dynasty" was shown, pointing out that the peasant uprising arose because of the tyranny of the dynasty, which accelerated the demise of the dynasty. The Tang Dynasty, which was established later, drew lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty and adopted a series of reform measures. In this lesson, we will study the history of the early years of the Tang Dynasty.

Supplement the relationship with Li, the younger brother of Emperor Taizong, and the example of Emperor Taizong who dared to appoint political enemies after he seized power. Question: Why did Emperor Taizong use Wei Zhi? What is the subjective purpose of Emperor Taizong's humble coachable?

Emperor Taizong was good at employing people and dared to employ them, which was also the reason why there were so many talents in the early Tang Dynasty. Change of ownership, Emperor Taizong's subjective purpose is to maintain the rule of the Tang Dynasty, objectively reduce the burden on the people, and is conducive to economic recovery and development.

Students are divided into groups and listed in charts. The chronology of Emperor Taizong is described from several aspects to deepen the understanding of the "Emperor's New Deal".

Political humility can be trained,

Be good at employing people

Improve the system of three provinces and six departments

Expand the imperial examination system to ensure the authenticity of decision-making

Ensure political clarity.

Improve administrative efficiency and strengthen the central government.

Concentrate power and select talents to govern the country.

Economically reduce taxes, reduce forced labor, and promote economic recovery and development.

Ethnic groups treat ethnic minorities equally and promote the harmony of ethnic relations.

Thinking: What changes have taken place in the state power during the Sui and Tang Dynasties?

The system of three provinces and six departments in Sui Dynasty was followed and improved.

What are three provinces and six departments? Then, give some concrete examples, analyze which department they belong to, and learn to use them flexibly.

Question: What is the progress of the system of three provinces and six halls?

After the students' speeches, the teacher concluded that the * * * business between ministries has improved administrative efficiency, and at the same time, the division of labor is clear, and mutual cooperation has constraints, which has improved and strengthened the centralization since the Qin Dynasty.

Watching the video "Imperial Examination System" reminds me:

1. When did the imperial examination system start and improve?

2. How do you know about the imperial examination system?

3. If you were the ruler, what kind of selection system would you implement?

If you are a scholar, what kind of selection system do you want to implement?

5. Did the imperial examination system play a progressive role under the historical conditions at that time?

After thinking and discussion, students can have a deep understanding of the above issues and deepen their understanding of the imperial examination system.

[conflicting views]

Evaluate Wu Zetian dialectically and historically through the information about Wu Zetian discovered before class. Relief should highlight students' subjective learning consciousness and not comment on their views.

[Take history as a mirror]

The method of selecting talents by examination is still in use today, which is reasonable, but its disadvantages are constantly exposed. Many problems brought by exam-oriented education may be familiar to students. Is there a more scientific and reasonable talent selection method that keeps pace with the times? Ask students to explore carefully and write a short paper?

glorious age of tang poetry meteorology

[Show pictures and introduce new lessons]

Show pictures of the clothes worn by leaders of various countries at the APEC meeting held in Shanghai in 20001,and the Chinatown where Chinese from various countries live, and introduce new lessons.

The teacher explained that all the heads of state attending the meeting wore this Tang suit. The place where Chinese live together is called Chinatown. Why? Because of the prosperity and great international influence of the Tang Dynasty. Why did the Tang Dynasty have such great influence? We are looking for the reason.

Find a classmate to read Du Fu's poem "Memories of Time Past" and think: When is the scene described in the poem? What aspects does this poem reflect in the prosperous Tang Dynasty?

After the students answered, the teacher printed out the pictures of the curved plow and the car. What are their advanced features? Students in rural areas can talk about the impact of production tools on agriculture.

According to the preview before class, students talk about the development of handicraft industry and commerce in Tang Dynasty and people's social life. The teacher added a little. At the same time, the video clip of "Tang Sancai" will be played.

Outreach activities:

After class, learn about agriculture, handicrafts, commerce, urban construction and social life in your area and write a survey report.

Shi Sheng culture

[Tang Poetry Competition, Introducing New Lessons]

Students recite Tang poems in groups for about 8 minutes. Finally choose the champion.

Through such activities, students' enthusiasm for learning can be mobilized and the new curriculum can be taught smoothly.

According to the classification before class, the four groups of students went to the blackboard to show the achievements in history, literature, religion, art and other fields during the Han and Tang Dynasties.

The students in the history group explained the story of Sima Qian, introduced the Historical Records and Lu Xun's comments in detail, and deepened their understanding and knowledge of the works.

Students in the literature group can introduce Tang poems, tell stories of poets in the Tang Dynasty and recite them. They can ask the following students questions about related issues. For example, which poets of the Tang Dynasty do you know? Can you be influenced by those Tang poems? What have Li Bai and Du Fu achieved?

[Classroom activities]

1, China has been a country of etiquette since ancient times, so "knock" should be used from the perspective of etiquette. This story shows that the love and cooperation of poets in the Tang Dynasty should be scrutinized repeatedly.

2. Li Bai; Early release of Baidicheng and Wanglushan Waterfalls

Du Fu: Hope of Spring and Meeting with Li Guinian.

Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow

Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains

Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn

Students in religious groups play video clips about Journey to the West and pictures of Jian Zhen's eastward crossing, talk about Xuanzang's and Jian Zhen's contributions to Buddhism, and compare their similarities and differences.

Teachers and students discuss the activity topics in the textbook and make a summary.

Both Xuanzang and Jian Zhen devoted themselves to the spread of Buddhism and made outstanding contributions to the spread of Buddhism.

His different contributions are: Xuanzang went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures and brought Indian Buddhist culture back to China. The Records of the Western Regions of Datang introduced the Buddhism, history, geography and customs of Tianzhu. Jian Zhen introduced China's Buddhism, medicine, architecture, sculpture, painting and other technologies to Japan.

Students in the Art Group can introduce the achievements of calligraphy, painting and sculpture in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and invite them to appreciate the pictures and materials of calligraphy, volatilization and sculpture found, so as to arouse other students' love for art and feel the unique charm of China's calligraphy and painting art, and the teacher will summarize and evaluate them, and exhibit excellent works.

[course summary]

Students exchange results with each other and express their opinions.

The Silk Road and the Grand Canal

Because the topic of the Silk Road was already talked about last class, students can talk about the Silk Road first. Then the teacher is explaining.

Show the picture of "Caesar wearing a silk robe" and ask: Why did the silk of the Han Dynasty appear in the ruins of Rome?

The Silk Road is an important channel for the exchange of materials between the East and the West.

Observe the road map and answer:

1. Where does the Silk Road start?

2. Where does the Silk Road pass? Which countries do these places belong to?

3. What do you see from Figure 4-58 and Figure 4-59? What does this scene show?

4. What is the importance of Dunhuang? Dunhuang is the trade center of Han nationality and other nationalities in the western regions.

5. The important role of the Silk Road and the Eurasian Continental Bridge in ancient times and today. (from an economic and cultural perspective)

[activity]

1. The Silk Road passes through Chang 'an, Dunhuang, Loulan and Shule in China, Shi Lan in Afghanistan, Fahrenheit in India, an Iranian, Edesa in Turkey, Constantinople in Istanbul and Rome in Italy.

2. The caravan in the picture passes through Shaanxi-Gansu Plateau, Wushaoling, Taklimakan Desert, Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Pamir Plateau and Iran Plateau.

Read the observation map, find out the direction of several major rivers in China, and discuss:

Why did the Sui Dynasty dig a grand canal running through the north and south?

What parts does the Grand Canal consist of? Where is the center? What are the north and south ends?

Connect those major water systems?

Then, play the video of the Grand Canal.

[activity]

1. The main rivers in China run from west to east, and the traffic between north and south is very inconvenient. Land transportation has great disadvantages, such as slow speed, low traffic volume and high freight rate. As a result, the waterway transportation connecting the north and the south came into being.

2. Yongji Canal from Zhuo Jun to Luoyang, Tongji Canal from Luoyang to Yang Shan, Hangou from Yang Shan to Jiangdu, Jiangnan to Yuhang.

The Grand Canal runs through Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang from north to south.

The Grand Canal connects Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.

After watching the video, students discuss:

Through the study of this lesson and your previous understanding of the Grand Canal, talk about your views on the construction of the Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty.

Students can fully express their views, and teachers should pay attention to real guidance, but it is not suitable for evaluation. We should not only affirm the important role of the Grand Canal in politics, economy and north-south traffic, but also see the disasters brought by Yang Di's brutal rule and canal digging.

[knowledge expansion]

Pictures showing the current situation of the Grand Canal today. Thinking: What does the reconstruction of the Grand Canal mean? What role does the Grand Canal play today?

Prompt: The canal has serious environmental pollution and plays a shipping role.

[Outreach activities]

After class, investigate today's Grand Canal in groups, collect data, and complete the paper "Grand Canal in Ancient and Modern Times".

[self-assessment]

1. Promulgating the "Grant Order" to weaken the power of the kingdom; Strengthen the supervision system; "oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone", unify thoughts; Vigorously promote Confucian education; Militarily, defeat the Huns and expand the territory.

This question requires students to combine maps. Students only need to analyze the role of the ancient Silk Road and the Eurasian Continental Bridge in today's political, economic and cultural exchanges.

3. The coins of the Tang Dynasty and the Japanese pencils are in front of a round square hole, representing a round place. The characters of coins are all Chinese characters, and the sizes of coins are basically the same.

This example proves that China is an ancient civilization, and many inventions, systems and cultures in the world originated from China. From Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Silk Road, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and Han-Tang architecture, we can also see the influence of Han-Tang flourishing age on the world.