What is the status of China's water resources

China's total water resources is 2.8 trillion m3, of which 2.7 trillion m3 is surface water and 0.83 trillion m3 is groundwater, due to the surface water and groundwater conversion, mutual recharge, deducting the double counting of the two amount of 0.73 trillion m3, and river runoff is not duplicated by the underground water resources of about 0.1 trillion m3. According to the internationally recognized standards, the water resources per capita is less than 3,000 m3 as mild water shortage. According to internationally recognized standards, per capita water resources of less than 3,000 m3 is regarded as mild water shortage, per capita water resources of less than 2,000 m3 is regarded as moderate water shortage, per capita water resources of less than 1,000 m3 is regarded as severe water shortage, and per capita water resources of less than 500 m3 is regarded as extreme water shortage. China currently has 16 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) per capita water resources (excluding transit water) is lower than the line of severe water shortage, there are six provinces and autonomous regions (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) per capita water resources is less than 500 meters 3. China's water resources have the following characteristics:

(1) the total amount is not rich, per capita possession of even lower. China's total water resources ranked sixth in the world, per capita possession of 2,240 meters 3, about 1/4 of the world's per capita, in the World Bank continuous statistics of 153 countries in 88th place.

(2) Uneven regional distribution, water and soil resources do not match. The Yangtze River Basin and the area south of it account for only 36.5% of the country's land area, and its water resources account for 81% of the country's water resources; the Huaihe River Basin and the area north of it account for 63.5% of the country's land area, and its water resources only account for 19% of the country's total water resources. the average total water resources in North China from 1998 to 2007 were 146.73 billion m3, with the highest value occurring in

(3) Groundwater storage in the plains is decreasing, and the area of fallout funnels is expanding. in 2008, 17 provincial-level administrative regions in the north analyzed the statistical analysis of 770,000 km2 of plains groundwater exploitation area, and the shallow groundwater storage at the end of the year decreased by 3.8 billion m3 compared with the beginning of the year. 21 provincial-level administrative regions analyzed the statistical analysis of 81 groundwater level fallout funnels in the plains and the area of fallout funnels. 81 groundwater level landing funnels, and the total area of the funnels increased from 64,000 km2 in 2006 to 70,000 km2.

(4) Uneven inter-annual distribution during the year, with frequent droughts and floods. In most areas, precipitation in four consecutive months during the year accounts for more than 70% of the year, and consecutive years of abundant water or consecutive years of dry water are more common.

(5) According to the 2008 China Water Resources Bulletin, the total national water consumption amounted to 311 billion meters3, of which 74.7% was consumed by agriculture. The national integrated water consumption rate (consumption as a percentage of water consumption) was 53%, with the rate of water consumption in arid areas generally greater than in wet areas. Various types of user water consumption rate varies greatly, agricultural irrigation is 62%, real irrigation area mu ① average water consumption is 435 m 3.